Health promotion and disease prevention through sanitation education in South African Zulu and Xhosa women.
Abstract
Poor sanitation and hygiene facilitate transmission of environmental diseases and pose a threat to the health of South African residents. This study focused on identifying sanitation needs from the perspective of informal community residents, addressing need related issues, and empowering Zulu and Xhosa women. The study used a multistep approach to identify and access communities of interest, reflexive critique during data collection from 300 heads of households, and a reiterative process to identify major themes. A process, which impacted 1,467 residents, was developed; it included culturally sensitive presentation styles and educational materials that facilitated understanding of sanitation concepts. Main sanitation themes were health knowledge and community role models. Educational sessions incorporated women. Using women as educators elevated their status and validated their community importance. Project participation added to the educational background of the Zulu and Xhosa women. It empowered them and provided an opportunity for them to articulate community needs.
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Women's formal leadership has led to increased confidence among and toward women leaders.
“Women's formal leadership has led to increased confidence among and toward women leaders [26,56,73,126,146,157].”
From Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [157]
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- Authors
- Smith, M. A., Garbharran, H., Edwards, M. J., & O’Hara-Murdock, P.
- Affiliations
- Middle Tennessee State University (US)
- Middle Tennessee State University
- ORCID
- Garbharran, Hari
- Venue
- Journal of Transcultural Nursing
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2004-01
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 62-68
- ISSN
- 1043-6596 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7832
- OpenAlex
- W2002125300
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Transcultural Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Studies and Social Issues
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Public Health and Environmental Issues
- Keywords
- sanitation education, health promotion, disease prevention, Zulu women, Xhosa women, women teachers, community empowerment, culturally sensitive health education, informal settlements, environmental health, health knowledge
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attitude to Health, Communicable Disease Control, Community Health Workers, Community Participation, Female, Health Education, Health Promotion, Humans, Hygiene, International Educational Exchange, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Power, Psychological, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sanitation, Social Support, South Africa, Tennessee, Water Supply, Women, Program Evaluation, Focus Groups, Needs Assessment
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