The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Axonal Damage in Traumatic Brain Injury
Abstract
Axonal damage is one of the most common and important pathologic features of traumatic brain injury. Severe diffuse axonal injury, resulting from inertial forces applied to the head, is associated with prolonged unconsciousness and poor outcome. The susceptibility of axons to mechanical injury appears to be due to both their viscoelastic properties and their highly organized structure in white matter tracts. Although axons are supple under normal conditions, they become brittle when exposed to rapid deformations associated with brain trauma. Accordingly, rapid stretch of axons can damage the axonal cytoskeleton, resulting in a loss of elasticity and impairment of axoplasmic transport. Subsequent swelling of the axon occurs in discrete bulb formations or in elongated varicosities that accumulate organelles. Calcium entry into damaged axons is thought to initiate further damage by the activation of proteases and the induction of mitochondrial swelling and dysfunction. Ultimately, swollen axons may become disconnected and contribute to additional neuropathologic changes in brain tissue. However, promising new therapies that reduce proteolytic activity or maintain mitochondrial integrity may attenuate progressive damage of injured axons following experimental brain trauma. Future advancements in the prevention and treatment of traumatic axonal injury will depend on our collective understanding of the relationship between the biomechanics and pathophysiology of various phases of axonal trauma.
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Citations
Cites
The occult aftermath of boxing.
Roberts, G. W., Allsop, D., & Bruton, C. (1990) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.53.5.373 · Cited by 518
Pierce, J. E. S., Smith, D. H., Trojanowski, J. Q., & McIntosh, T. K. (1998) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00142-0 · Cited by 385 · cited 1×
“Rather, axonal pathology has been shown to develop over the course of hours to days following injury and has even been observed for months (2, 55, 56).”
BackgroundSelf-citationBiomechanical Analysis of Experimental Diffuse Axonal Injury
MEANEY, D. F., SMITH, D. H., SHREIBER, D. I., BAIN, A. C., MILLER, R. T., ROSS, D. T., & GENNARELLI, T. A. (1995) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.1995.12.689 · Cited by 254
Self-citationPierce, J., Trojanowski, J., Graham, D., Smith, D., & McIntosh, T. (1996) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-03-01083.1996 · Cited by 239
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Cited by
Axonal pathology in traumatic brain injury
Johnson, V. E., Stewart, W., & Smith, D. H. (2013) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.01.013 · Cited by 1,273
Self-citationCHRONIC TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY IN A NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE PLAYER: PART II
Omalu, B. I., DeKosky, S. T., Hamilton, R. L., Minster, R. L., Kamboh, M. I., Shakir, A. M., & Wecht, C. H. (2006) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000245601.69451.27 · Cited by 694
Uryu, K., Chen, X.-H., Martinez, D., Browne, K. D., Johnson, V. E., Graham, D. I., Lee, V. M.-Y., Trojanowski, J. Q., & Smith, D. H. (2007) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.06.018 · Cited by 360
Self-citationTraumatic brain injury: A risk factor for Alzheimer's disease
Sivanandam, T. M., & Thakur, M. K. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.02.013 · Cited by 326
Chen, X.-H., Siman, R., Iwata, A., Meaney, D. F., Trojanowski, J. Q., & Smith, D. H. (2004) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63303-2 · Cited by 271
Self-citationREEVES, T., PHILLIPS, L., & POVLISHOCK, J. (2005) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.07.014 · Cited by 270
Chen, X., Johnson, V. E., Uryu, K., Trojanowski, J. Q., & Smith, D. H. (2009) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2008.00176.x · Cited by 267
Self-citationMild traumatic brain injury and diffuse axonal injury in swine
Browne, K. D., Chen, X.-H., Meaney, D. F., & Smith, D. H. (2011) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2011.1913 · Cited by 248
Self-citationA porcine model of traumatic brain injury via head rotational acceleration
Cullen, D. K., Harris, J. P., Browne, K. D., Wolf, J. A., Duda, J. E., Meaney, D. F., Margulies, S. S., & Smith, D. H. (2016) · Methods in Molecular Biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3816-2_17 · Cited by 142
“DAI is a major feature of closed-head diffuse brain injury in swine, and manifests as accumulation of axonal transport proteins such as amyloid precursor protein (APP) in swollen regions of axons with eventual degeneration in stereotypical distribution suggestive of a biomechanical etiology [30, 140] (Fig.”
Self-citationPerović, M., Jović, M., Todorović, S., Đorđević, A. M., Milanović, D., Kanazir, S., & Lončarević-Vasiljković, N. (2022) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2020.1769410 · Cited by 10
Metadata
- Authors
- Smith, D. H., & Meaney, D. F.
- Venue
- The Neuroscientist
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2000-12
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 483-495
- ISSN
- 1073-8584 (ISSN-L)
- 1089-4098
- OpenAlex
- W2104159920
- Cited by
- 342
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 1.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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