The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Book Review: Two Phylogenetic Specializations in the Human Brain
Abstract
In this study, two anatomical specializations of the brain in apes and humans are considered. One of these is a whole cortical area located in the frontal polar cortex (Brodmann’s area 10), and the other is a morphologically distinctive cell type, the spindle neuron of the anterior cingulate cortex. The authors suggest that the spindle cells may relay to other parts of the brain—especially to area 10, the outcome of processing within the anterior cingulate cortex. This relay conveys the motivation to act. It particularly concerns the recognition of having committed an error that leads to the initiation of adaptive responses to these adverse events so as to reduce error commission. This capacity is related to the development of self-control as an individual matures and gains social insight. Although the anterior cingulate deals with the individual’s immediate response to changing conditions, area 10 is involved in the retrieval of memories from the individual’s past experience and the capacity to plan adaptive responses. The authors suggest that these neurobehavioral specializations are crucial aspects of intelligence as defined as the capacity to make adaptive responses to changing conditions. The authors further hypothesize that these specializations facilitated the evolution of the unique capacity for the intergenerational transfer of the food and information characteristic of human extended families.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In mammals, the inferior temporal cortex, along with parts of the STG, posterior parietal cortex, and prefrontal cortex, are high-order association areas, which are also most recent evolutionarily (38, 39).”
From Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood (2004) · cites this paper as [38]
In the citing paper
“a particular population of distinct neurons, the von Economo neurons (VENs), present almost exclusively in the frontoinsular (FI) and anterior cingulate cortices (ACC) have been found to be consistently affected in ASD [4, 104, 256, 258].”
From Autism spectrum disorder: neuropathology and animal models (2017) · cites this paper as [4]
Citations
Cites
Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex
Bush, G., Luu, P., & Posner, M. I. (2000) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01483-2 · Cited by 6,259
An fMRI Investigation of Emotional Engagement in Moral Judgment
Greene, J. D., Sommerville, R. B., Nystrom, L. E., Darley, J. M., & Cohen, J. D. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1062872 · Cited by 4,561
Subgenual prefrontal cortex abnormalities in mood disorders
Drevets, W. C., Price, J. L., Simpson, J. R., Todd, R. D., Reich, T., Vannier, M., & Raichle, M. E. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/386824a0 · Cited by 2,693
Reduced Apoptosis and Cytochrome c–Mediated Caspase Activation in Mice Lacking Caspase 9
Kuida, K., Haydar, T. F., Kuan, C.-Y., Gu, Y., Taya, C., Karasuyama, H., Su, M. S.-S., Rakic, P., & Flavell, R. A. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81476-2 · Cited by 1,643
Gevins, A. (1997) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/7.4.374 · Cited by 1,623
Gould, E., McEwen, B. S., Tanapat, P., Galea, L. A. M., & Fuchs, E. (1997) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-07-02492.1997 · Cited by 1,496
Localization of a Neural System for Error Detection and Compensation
Dehaene, S., Posner, M. I., & Tucker, D. M. (1994) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1994.tb00630.x · Cited by 1,255
Influence of dendritic structure on firing pattern in model neocortical neurons
Mainen, Z. F., & Sejnowski, T. J. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/382363a0 · Cited by 1,231
Rauch, S. L. (1996) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830050014003 · Cited by 1,056
The neural basis of romantic love
Bartels, A., & Zeki, S. (2000) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200011270-00046 · Cited by 1,020
Adult brain neurogenesis and psychiatry: a novel theory of depression
Jacobs, B. L., van Praag, H., & Gage, F. H. (2000) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000712 · Cited by 964
Allman, J. M., Hakeem, A. Y., Erwin, J. M., Nimchinsky, E. A., & Hof, P. R. (2001) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03476.x · Cited by 922
Self-citationAttention, self–regulation and consciousness
The American Association for Research into Nervous and Mental Diseases, Posner, M. I., & Rothbart, M. K. (1998) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0344 · Cited by 920
Rogers, R. D., Owen, A. M., Middleton, H. C., Williams, E., Pickard, J. D., Sahakian, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-20-09029.1999 · Cited by 882
Rauch, S. L. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010062008 · Cited by 880 · cited 1×
“In this review, we will explore the evidence for functional specializations related to the spindle cells of the anterior cingulate cortex and to the frontal polar cortex and how they may be linked to each other and to evolution of behavioral specializations in humans.”
BackgroundEvolutionary History of the Primates
(1979) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-22035-6 · Cited by 879
Bush, G., Frazier, J. A., Rauch, S. L., Seidman, L. J., Whalen, P. J., Jenike, M. A., Rosen, B. R., & Biederman, J. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00083-9 · Cited by 866
Neurofilament gene expression: a major determinant of axonal caliber.
Hoffman, P. N., Cleveland, D. W., Griffin, J. W., Landes, P. W., Cowan, N. J., & Price, D. L. (1987) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.84.10.3472 · Cited by 719
Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Großhirnrinde
Brodmann, K. (1909) · Cited by 705
Lane, R. D., Reiman, E. M., Axelrod, B., Yun, L.-S., Holmes, A., & Schwartz, G. E. (1998) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892998562924 · Cited by 671
Role for Cingulate Motor Area Cells in Voluntary Movement Selection Based on Reward
Shima, K., & Tanji, J. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5392.1335 · Cited by 645
Cortical Activity in Precision- Versus Power-Grip Tasks: An fMRI Study
Ehrsson, H. H., Fagergren, A., Jonsson, T., Westling, G., Johansson, R. S., & Forssberg, H. (2000) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.1.528 · Cited by 618
Prefrontal cortex and episodic memory retrieval mode
Lepage, M., Ghaffar, O., Nyberg, L. H., & Tulving, E. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.1.506 · Cited by 583
Brain processing of visual sexual stimuli in human males
Redout�, J., Stol�ru, S., Gr�goire, M.-C., Costes, N., Cinotti, L., Lavenne, F., Bars, D. L., Forest, M. G., & Pujol, J. F. (2000) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/1097-0193(200011)11:3 · Cited by 522
Anterior Cingulate: Single Neuronal Signals Related to Degree of Reward Expectancy
Shidara, M., & Richmond, B. J. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1069504 · Cited by 515
Prefrontal and cingulate unit activity during timing behavior in the monkey
Niki, H., & Watanabe, M. (1979) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(79)90328-7 · Cited by 511
A neuronal morphologic type unique to humans and great apes
Nimchinsky, E. A., Gilissen, E., Allman, J. M., Perl, D. P., Erwin, J. M., & Hof, P. R. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.9.5268 · Cited by 494
Self-citationPaus, T., Koski, L. M., Caramanos, Z., & Westbury, C. F. (1998) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199806220-00001 · Cited by 460
Regional Dendritic and Spine Variation in Human Cerebral Cortex: a Quantitative Golgi Study
Jacobs, B. (2001) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/11.6.558 · Cited by 423
Haznedar, M. M., Buchsbaum, M. S., Wei, T.-C., Hof, P. R., Cartwright, C., Bienstock, C. A., & Hollander, E. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.12.1994 · Cited by 420
Evolutionary history of the primates
Conroy, G. C. (1980) · International Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1007/bf02692283 · Cited by 414
Smith, W. K. (1945) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1945.8.4.241 · Cited by 349
Benes, F. M., Vincent, S. L., & Todtenkopf, M. (2001) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01084-8 · Cited by 327
Brain responses associated with consciousness of breathlessness (air hunger)
Mario Liotti, A., Brannan, S., Egan, G. F., Shade, R. E., Madden, L., Abplanalp, B., Robillard, R., Lancaster, J. L., Zamarripa, F., Fox, P. T., et al. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.98.4.2035 · Cited by 303
Ehrsson, H. H., Fagergren, A., & Forssberg, H. (2001) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.6.2613 · Cited by 290
Synphilin-1 is present in Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease
Wakabayashi, K., Engelender, S., Yoshimoto, M., Tsuji, S., Ross, C. A., & Takahashi, H. (2000) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/1531-8249(200004)47:4 · Cited by 269
Anger in healthy men: a PET study using script-driven imagery
Dougherty, D. D., Shin, L. M., Alpert, N. M., Pitman, R. K., Orr, S. P., Lasko, M. C., Macklin, M. L., Fischman, A. J., & Rauch, S. L. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00063-3 · Cited by 259
AUTONOMIC EFFECTS ON STIMULATING ROSTRAL PORTION OF CINGULATE GYRI IN MAN
Pool, J. L., & Ransohoff, J. (1949) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1949.12.6.385 · Cited by 232 · cited 1×
“It controls autonomic functions such as heart rate and blood pressure, the generation of vocalizations (Pool and Ransohoff 1949; Jurgens 1998), and the production and recognition of facial expressions (Smith 1945; George and others 1993).”
BackgroundBrain regions involved in recognizing facial emotion or identity: an oxygen-15 PET study
George, M. S., Ketter, T. A., Gill, D. S., Haxby, J. V., Ungerleider, L. G., Herscovitch, P., & Post, R. M. (1993) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.5.4.384 · Cited by 224
Spindle neurons of the human anterior cingul. Ate cortex
Nimchinsky, E. A., Vogt, B. A., Morrison, J. H., & Hof, P. R. (1995) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903550106 · Cited by 220
Beyond HERA: Contributions of specific prefrontal brain areas to long-term memory retrieval
Buckner, R. (1996) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03212413 · Cited by 198
Alteration of Intention and Self-Initiated Action Associated With Bilateral Anterior Cingulotomy
Cohen, R. A., Kaplan, R. F., Zuffante, P. A., Moser, D. J., Jenkins, M. A., Salloway, S., & Wilkinson, H. A. (1999) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.11.4.444 · Cited by 147
The Cytoarchitectonics of the Human Cerebral Cortex
&NA;, &. (1929) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/00007611-192911000-00024 · Cited by 143
Neuronal Control of Mammalian Vocalization, with Special Reference to the Squirrel Monkey
Jürgens, U. (1998) · Die Naturwissenschaften · doi:10.1007/s001140050519 · Cited by 127
A primitive gigantopyramidal field buried in the depth of the cingulate sulcus of the human brain
Braak, H. (1976) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(76)90526-6 · Cited by 109
Neuropsychology of Human Emotion
Coffman, J. A. (1984) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.141.10.1294 · Cited by 98
Regional Changes in Glucose Metabolism during Brain Development from the Age of 6 Years
Bogaert, P. V., Wikler, D., Damhaut, P., Szliwowski, H. B., & Goldman, S. (1998) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1998.0346 · Cited by 83
Appearance of Frontal Midline Theta Activity in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Suetsugi, M., Mizuki, Y., Ushijima, I., Kobayashi, T., Tsuchiya, K., Aoki, T., & Watanabe, Y. (2000) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000026641 · Cited by 71
How Does the Limbic System Assist Motor Learning? A Limbic Comparator Hypothesis (Part 1 of 2)
Brooks, V. B. (2008) · Brain Behavior and Evolution · doi:10.1159/000118670 · Cited by 70
Hof, P. R., Nimchinsky, E. A., Perl, D. P., & ERWIN, J. M. (2001) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01964-4 · Cited by 57
The spindle neurons are present in the cingulate cortex of chimpanzee fetus
Hayashi, M., Ito, M., & Shimizu, K. (2001) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(01)02039-0 · Cited by 19
Activation of human motor cortices during mental motor imagery of hand, foot and tongue movements
Ehrsson, H. H., Naito, E., & Roland, P. E. (2001) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(01)92479-6 · Cited by 4
Kaplan (2000) · doi:10.1002/1520-6505(2000)9:4
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Allman JM, 2000, Evolving brains
- Brodmann K., 1909, Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Groshirnrinde
- Deheaene S, 1994, Physiol Sci, 5, 303
- Shidara M, 2001, Soc Neurosci Abst, 27
- Suetsugi M, 2000, Neurospychobiology, 41, 108
- Wang C, 2001, Soc Neurosci Abst, 27
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood
Gogtay, N., Giedd, J. N., Lusk, L., Hayashi, K. M., Greenstein, D., Vaituzis, A. C., Nugent, T. F., Herman, D. H., Clasen, L. S., Toga, A. W., et al. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0402680101 · Cited by 5,604
The Neural Bases of Cognitive Conflict and Control in Moral Judgment
Greene, J. D., Nystrom, L. E., Engell, A. D., Darley, J. M., & Cohen, J. D. (2004) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.09.027 · Cited by 2,620
Neuroeconomics: How Neuroscience Can Inform Economics
Camerer, C. F., Loewenstein, G. F., & Prelec, D. (2005) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/0022051053737843 · Cited by 2,215
Salience processing and insular cortical function and dysfunction
Uddin, L. Q. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3857 · Cited by 2,083
Neurodevelopmental Trajectories of the Human Cerebral Cortex
Shaw, P., Kabani, N. J., Lerch, J. P., Eckstrand, K., Lenroot, R., Gogtay, N., Greenstein, D., Clasen, L., Evans, A., Rapoport, J. L., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5309-07.2008 · Cited by 1,644
Metadata
- Authors
- Allman, J., Hakeem, A., & Watson, K.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Allman, John
- ORCID
- Watson, Karli
- Venue
- The Neuroscientist
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2002-08
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 335-346
- ISSN
- 1073-8584 (ISSN-L)
- 1089-4098
- OpenAlex
- W2067723253
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 12
- Type
- book review
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Neuroscientist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- human brain evolution, Brodmann area 10, anterior cingulate cortex, error detection, self-control, adaptive behavior, memory retrieval, planning, intelligence, intergenerational knowledge transmission, apes
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Animals, Frontal Lobe, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Intelligence, Motivation, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Phylogeny
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review