Spindle neurons of the human anterior cingul. Ate cortex
Abstract
The human anterior cingulate cortex is distinguished by the presence of an unusual cell type, a large spindle neuron in layer Vb. This cell has been noted numerous times in the historical literature but has not been studied with modern neuroanatomic techniques. For instance, details regarding the neuronal class to which these cells belong and regarding their precise distribution along both ventrodorsal and anteroposterior axes of the cingulate gyrus are still lacking. In the present study, morphological features and the anatomic distribution of this cell type were studied using computer‐assisted mapping and immunocytochemical techniques. Spindle neurons are restricted to the subfields; of the anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann's area 24), exhibiting a greater density in anterior portions of this area than in posterior portions, and tapering off in the transition zone between anterior and posterior cingulate cortex. Furthermore, a majority of the spindle cells at any level is located in subarea 24b on the gyral surface. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that the neurofilament protein triplet was present in a large percentage of these neurons and that they did not contain calcium‐binding proteins. Injections of the carbocyanine dye DiI into the cingulum bundle revealed that these cells are projection neurons. Finally, spindle cells were consistently affected in Alzheimer's disease cases, with an overall loss of about 60%. Taken together, these observations indicate that the spindle cells of the human cingulate cortex represent a morphological subpopulation of pyramidal neurons whose restricted distribution may be associated with functionally distinct areas.
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Von Economo neurons are consistently affected in ASD and are present almost exclusively in the frontoinsular and anterior cingulate cortices.
“a particular population of distinct neurons, the von Economo neurons (VENs), present almost exclusively in the frontoinsular (FI) and anterior cingulate cortices (ACC) have been found to be consistently affected in ASD [4, 104, 256, 258].”
From Autism spectrum disorder: neuropathology and animal models (2017) · cites this paper as [258]
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Human brain evolution writ large and small
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Self-citationOnline mentalising investigated with functional MRI
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The prefrontal cortex: from monkey to man
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Aging and alexithymia association with reduced right rostral cingulate volume
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Neurofilament and calcium-binding proteins in the human cingulate cortex
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Functional anatomy of cortical areas characterized by Von Economo neurons
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Emergence of Cognition from ActionPreprint
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von E conomo neurones are selectively targeted in frontotemporal dementia
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Neurophysiological mechanisms of error monitoring in human and non-human primates
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Selective reduction of Von Economo neuron number in agenesis of the corpus callosum
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Self-citationBiochemical specificity of von economo neurons in hominoids
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Self-citationRoyer, J., Paquola, C., Larivière, S., de Wael, R. V., Tavakol, S., Lowe, A. J., Benkarim, O. M., Evans, A. C., Bzdok, D., Smallwood, J., et al. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116859 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
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Evolution of Specialized Pyramidal Neurons in Primate Visual and Motor Cortex
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Self-citationVon Economo neurons of the anterior cingulate across the lifespan and in Alzheimer's disease
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Practical approaches to stereology in the setting of aging- and disease-related brain banks
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Self-citationFan, J., Dam, N. T. V., Gu, X., Liu, X., Wang, H., Tang, C. Y., & Hof, P. R. (2014) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00554 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationRaghanti, M. A., Spurlock, L. B., Treichler, F. R., Weigel, S. E., Stimmelmayr, R., Butti, C., Thewissen, J. G. M., & Hof, P. R. (2014) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-014-0792-y · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationHof, P. R., Nimchinsky, E. A., Perl, D. P., & ERWIN, J. M. (2001) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01964-4 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural tract tracing using Di-I: a review and a new method to make fast Di-I faster in human brain
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No reduction of spindle neuron number in frontoinsular cortex in autism
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Self-citationNeuroanatomical Correlates of Suicide in Psychosis: The Possible Role of von Economo Neurons
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Neuropathology of the Anterior Midcingulate Cortex in Young Children With Autism
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Self-citationThe von economo neurons in apes and humans
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Self-citationEvolutionary appearance of von Economo’s neurons in the mammalian cerebral cortex
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Von Economo Neurons and Fork Cells: A Neurochemical Signature Linked to Monoaminergic Function
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Aging, grey matter, and blood flow in the anterior cingulate cortex
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Self-citationNeurofilament protein distribution in the macaque monkey dorsolateral premotor cortex
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Nimchinsky, E. A., Vogt, B. A., Morrison, J. H., & Hof, P. R.
- Affiliations
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hof, Patrick R.
- Venue
- Journal of Comparative Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1995-04-24
- Volume
- 355
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 27-37
- ISSN
- 0021-9967 (ISSN-L)
- 1096-9861
- OpenAlex
- W2167126765
- Cited by
- 220
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 1.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Comparative Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ag011480-03, 5p01mh045212-05)
- National Institute on Aging (AG 05138, AG11480, P50AG005138)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 45212)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anatomy › Medical and Biological Sciences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- anterior cingulate cortex, pyramidal neurons, projection neurons, cingulum, Alzheimer's disease, neuronal loss
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Brain Mapping, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Middle Aged, Pyramidal Cells
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