Hippocampal Volume Reduction in First-Episode and Chronic Schizophrenia: A Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Several magnetic resonance imaging studies have reported hippocampal volume reduction in patients with schizophrenia, but other studies have reported contrasting results. In this review and meta-analysis, the authors aim to clarify whether a reduction in hippocampal volume characterizes patients with schizophrenia by considering illness phase (chronic and first episode) and hippocampus side separately. They made a detailed literature search for studies reporting physical volumetric hippocampal measures of patients with schizophrenia and healthy control (HC) participants and found 44 studies that were eligible for meta-analysis. Individual meta-analyses were also performed on 13 studies of first-episode patients and on 22 studies of chronic patients. The authors also detected any different findings when only males or both males and females were considered. Finally, additional meta-analyses and analyses of variance investigated the role of the factors "illness phase" and "side" on hippocampal volume reduction. Overall, the patient group showed significant bilateral hippocampal volume reduction compared with HC. Interestingly, first-episode and chronic patients showed same-size hippocampal volume reduction. Moreover, the left hippocampus was smaller than the right hippocampus in patients and HC. This review and meta-analysis raises the question about whether hippocampal volume reduction in schizophrenia is of neurodevelopmental origin. Future studies should specifically investigate this issue.
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The hippocampus is particularly vulnerable to damage in various pathological conditions like major depressive disorder, Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia.
“The hippocampus is heavily involved in learning and memory processes and is particularly vulnerable to damage in various pathological conditions like major depressive disorder (MDD), Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia (Adriano et al., 2012; Bartsch and Wulff, 2015; Schmaal et al., 2016).”
From Aerobic Exercise as a Tool to Improve Hippocampal Plasticity and Function in Humans: Practical Implications for Mental Health Treatment (2016) · cites this paper as Adriano et al., 2012
Many psychiatric and neurological disorders are associated with hippocampal dysfunction, which may underlie cognitive symptoms including cognitive dysfunction.
“Notably, many psychiatric and neurological disorders have been associated with hippocampal dysfunction, which may underlie the expression of certain symptoms common to these disorders, including (aspects of) cognitive dysfunction.”
From Aerobic Exercise as a Tool to Improve Hippocampal Plasticity and Function in Humans: Practical Implications for Mental Health Treatment (2016) · cites this paper as Adriano et al., 2012
Reduced hippocampal volume is one of the most consistently reported structural abnormalities in patients with MDD and in patients with schizophrenia.
“A reduced hippocampal volume is one of the most consistently reported structural abnormalities in patients of MDD (Schmaal et al., 2016) and of schizophrenia (Ellison-Wright and Bullmore, 2010; Adriano et al., 2012).”
From Aerobic Exercise as a Tool to Improve Hippocampal Plasticity and Function in Humans: Practical Implications for Mental Health Treatment (2016) · cites this paper as Adriano et al., 2012
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“The hippocampus is heavily involved in learning and memory processes and is particularly vulnerable to damage in various pathological conditions like major depressive disorder (MDD), Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia (Adriano et al., 2012; Bartsch and Wulff, 2015; Schmaal et al., 2016).”
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- Authors
- Adriano, F., Caltagirone, C., & Spalletta, G.
- Affiliations
- Fondazione Santa Lucia (IT)
- University of Rome Tor Vergata (IT)
- Venue
- The Neuroscientist
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-04-29
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 180-200
- ISSN
- 1073-8584 (ISSN-L)
- 1089-4098
- OpenAlex
- W2085230397
- Cited by
- 285
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Neuroscientist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
- Keywords
- hippocampal volume reduction, schizophrenia, first-episode schizophrenia, chronic schizophrenia, disease stage, hemispheric lateralization, left hippocampus, neurodevelopmental origin, brain volumetry
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Chronic Disease, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Schizophrenia, Sex Characteristics, Age of Onset, Disease Progression, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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