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Cited by 106Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesMemory and Neural Mechanisms

Dopamine, Prediction Error and Beyond

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Diederen, Kelly M. J., Fletcher, Paul C.·2021·The Neuroscientist
DOI 10.1177/1073858420907591PMC PMC7804370
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Abstract

A large body of work has linked dopaminergic signaling to learning and reward processing. It stresses the role of dopamine in reward prediction error signaling, a key neural signal that allows us to learn from past experiences, and that facilitates optimal choice behavior. Latterly, it has become clear that dopamine does not merely code prediction error size but also signals the difference between the expected value of rewards, and the value of rewards actually received, which is obtained through the integration of reward attributes such as the type, amount, probability and delay. More recent work has posited a role of dopamine in learning beyond rewards. These theories suggest that dopamine codes absolute or unsigned prediction errors, playing a key role in how the brain models associative regularities within its environment, while incorporating critical information about the reliability of those regularities. Work is emerging supporting this perspective and, it has inspired theoretical models of how certain forms of mental pathology may emerge in relation to dopamine function. Such pathology is frequently related to disturbed inferences leading to altered internal models of the environment. Thus, it is critical to understand the role of dopamine in error-related learning and inference.

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  • Both dopamine and noradrenaline seem to play a vital role in processing prediction errors.

    “Both neurotransmitters seem to play a vital role in processing prediction errors (Diederen & Fletcher, 2021).”

    From Are prediction error modifications domain specific in autism but domain general in ADHD? (2025) · cites this paper as Diederen & Fletcher, 2021

    The Introduction and Abstract describe dopamine as central to prediction-error signaling. The section “PEs and Other Neuromodulary Systems” links noradrenergic activity to learning and says norepinephrine has been proposed to signal uncertainty, but it does not say noradrenaline plays a vital role in processing prediction errors. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • Dopamine was proposed to modulate the precision weighting of prediction errors, encoding the reliability of a prediction error.

    “Specifically, dopamine was proposed to modulate the precision weighting of prediction errors, encoding the reliability of a prediction error (Diederen & Fletcher, 2021).”

    From Are prediction error modifications domain specific in autism but domain general in ADHD? (2025) · cites this paper as Diederen & Fletcher, 2021

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Authors
Diederen, K. M. J., & Fletcher, P. C.
Affiliations
  • King's College London (GB)
  • University of Cambridge (GB)
Corresponding author
Diederen, Kelly M. J.
ORCID
Venue
The Neuroscientist
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2020-04-26
Volume
27
Issue
1
Pages
30-46
ISSN
  • 1073-8584 (ISSN-L)
  • 1089-4098
DOI
10.1177/1073858420907591
PMC
PMC7804370
OpenAlex
W3007026860
Cited by
106
References
36
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 1
FWCI
1.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The Neuroscientist (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion)
  • Apollo
Funders
Wellcome Trust
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords
dopamine, reward prediction error, prediction error coding, reward processing, learning, inference, mental pathology, optimal choice
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain, Dopamine, Humans, Learning, Psychotic Disorders, Thinking, Anticipation, Psychological

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