A Network Approach to Understanding the Role of Executive Functioning and Alpha Oscillations in Inattention and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity Symptoms of ADHD
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OBJECTIVE: ADHD is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. Impairments in executive functioning (EF) are central to models of ADHD, while alpha-band spectral power event-related decreases (ERD) have emerged as a putative electroencephalography (EEG) biomarker of EF in ADHD. Little is known about the roles of EF and alpha ERD and their interactions with symptoms of ADHD. METHOD: We estimated network models of ADHD symptoms and integrated alpha ERD measures into the symptom network. RESULTS: EF emerges as a bridge network node connecting alpha ERD and the hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention symptoms. We found that EF most closely relates to a subset of symptoms, namely the motoric symptoms, "seat" (difficulty staying seated), and "runs" (running or climbing excessively). CONCLUSIONS: EF functions as a bridge node connecting alpha ERD and the ADHD symptom network. Motoric-type symptoms and EF deficits may constitute important nodes in the interplay between behavior/symptoms, cognition, and neurophysiological markers of ADHD.
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Neuroimaging evidence indicates that individuals with ADHD exhibit smaller cerebellar volumes and altered cerebellar connectivity, which likely contribute to attentional lapses and challenges in cognitive regulation.
“Neuroimaging evidence indicates that individuals with this condition exhibit smaller cerebellar volumes and altered cerebellar connectivity, which likely contribute to attentional lapses and challenges in cognitive regulation”
From ADHD in Adulthood: Clinical Presentation, Comorbidities, and Treatment Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [81]
The Alpha Modulation section and Discussion address EEG alpha oscillations, executive functioning, and ADHD symptoms, not cerebellar anatomy. Searches for cerebellar volume and connectivity found no passage in our copy addressing either claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Vera, J. D., Freichel, R., Michelini, G., Loo, S. K., & Lenartowicz, A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Vera, Juan Diego
- Venue
- Journal of Attention Disorders
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2024-05-26
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1357-1367
- ISSN
- 1087-0547 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1246
- PMC
- PMC11292971
- OpenAlex
- W4399051161
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 2.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Attention Disorders (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- national institutes of health (MH126041)
- national institute of mental health (MH116268)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, executive function, alpha oscillations, event-related desynchronization, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, symptom networks, bridge nodes, EEG biomarkers, network analysis
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Alpha Rhythm, Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Child, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Male, Executive Function
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