The DOI matches its Crossref record; 170 of the 171 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Taking Stock of Self-Control: A Meta-Analysis of How Trait Self-Control Relates to a Wide Range of Behaviors
Open accessAbstract
Given assertions of the theoretical, empirical, and practical importance of self-control, this meta-analytic study sought to review evidence concerning the relationship between dispositional self-control and behavior. The authors provide a brief overview over prominent theories of self-control, identifying implicit assumptions surrounding the effects of self-control that warrant empirical testing. They report the results of a meta-analysis of 102 studies (total N = 32,648) investigating the behavioral effects of self-control using the Self-Control Scale, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and the Low Self-Control Scale. A small to medium positive effect of self-control on behavior was found for the three scales. Only the Self-Control Scale allowed for a fine-grained analysis of conceptual moderators of the self-control behavior relation. Specifically, self-control (measured by the Self-Control Scale) related similarly to the performance of desired behaviors and the inhibition of undesired behaviors, but its effects varied dramatically across life domains (e.g., achievement, adjustment). In addition, the associations between self-control and behavior were significantly stronger for automatic (as compared to controlled) behavior and for imagined (as compared to actual) behavior.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Previous work has identified self-control (de Ridder, Lensvelt-Mulders, Finkenauer, Stok, & Baumeister, 2012;Stautz, Zupan, Field, & Marteau, 2018) and domain-specific innovativeness (Araujo, Ladeira, & Santini, 2016;Huotilainen, Pirttilä-Backman, & Tuorila, 2006) as important antecedents to food consumption behavior, but to our knowledge, no study of which we are aware has identified a segment of”
From Relationships between functional food consumption and individual traits and values: A segmentation approach (2021) · cites this paper as de Ridder et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“It has been suggested that consumers engaged in health-promoting behaviors, such as healthy eating, exercise higher levels of self-control (de Ridder et al., 2012;Hagger, Gucciardi, et al., 2019;Hankonen, Kinnunen, Absetz, & Jallinoja, 2013).”
From Relationships between functional food consumption and individual traits and values: A segmentation approach (2021) · cites this paper as de Ridder et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“Self-control is highly relevant for explaining or predicting healthy and unhealthy food consumption (de Ridder et al., 2012;Tangney et al., 2004), with both direct and indirect effects on behavior (Hagger, Hankonen, et al., 2019;McCarthy, Collins, Flaherty, & McCarthy, 2017).”
From Relationships between functional food consumption and individual traits and values: A segmentation approach (2021) · cites this paper as de Ridder et al., 2012
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763
Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990) · doi:10.1515/9781503621794 · Cited by 10,127
Cohen, J. (1992) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.112.1.155 · Cited by 8,771
Human agency in social cognitive theory.
Bandura, A. (1989) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.44.9.1175 · Cited by 8,263
Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Finkenauer, C., & Vohs, K. D. (2001) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.5.4.323 · Cited by 7,678
High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success
Tangney, J. P., Baumeister, R. F., & Boone, A. L. (2004) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00263.x · Cited by 6,557
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1984) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.39.4.341 · Cited by 6,544
Time Discounting and Time Preference: A Critical Review
Frederick, S., Loewenstein, G., & O’Donoghue, T. (2002) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/002205102320161311 · Cited by 6,106
Kahneman, D. J., & Tversky, A. (2013) · World Scientific handbook in financial economic series · doi:10.1142/9789814417358_0016 · Cited by 5,379
Research works printed but not linked: 15
- Alberts H., Maroofi S., Martijn C. (2005). De relatie tussen verwachtingen en interpersoonlijke verschillen in zelfcontrole [The relation between expectations and interpersonal differences in self-control]. In Holland R. W., Ouwerkerk J., van Laar C., Ruiter R., Ham J. (Eds.), Jaarboek Sociale Psychologie 2005 (pp. 13-21). Groningen, Netherlands: Aspo Pers.
- Bakhuys Roozeboom M. C. (2004). De relatie tussen sekse en State/Action-oriëntatie: Een onderzoek naar de discrepantie tussen de daadwerkelijke en de ideale State/Action-oriëntatie bij mannen en vrouwen [The relation between gender and state/action orientation: A study of the discrepancy between actual and ideal state/action orientation in males and females] (Unpublished master’s thesis). VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands.
- 10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1252 · DOI · Paper page
- Brandon J. E., Oescher J., Loftin J. M. (1990). The self-control questionnaire: An assessment. Health Values, 14, 3-9.
- 10.1037/0033-2909.92.1.111 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155 · DOI · Paper page
- De Hoog S. R. (2005). Don’t worry be action!! De invloed van verschillen in de State/Action-oriëntatie op relatietevredenheid [Don’t worry be action!! The influence of differences in the State/Action orientation on relationship satisfaction] (Unpublished master’s thesis). VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands.
- De Wit J. B. F., Adam P. C. G. (2007). Sexual risk-taking in gay men: A focus on non-intentional processes. Utrecht, Netherlands: Institute for Prevention & Social Research.
- Gollwitzer P. M. (1990). Action phases and mindsets. In Higgins E. T., Sorrentino R. M. (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition (Vol. 2, pp. 53-92). New York, NY: Guilford.
- Gough H. G. (1987). California Psychological Inventory— Administrator’s guide. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
- Heideheuvel Hospital. (2005, June). Self-control in obese adolescents undergoing treatment. Hilversum, Netherlands: V. T. Colland & D. T. D. De Ridder.
- Kendall P. C., Williams C. L. (1982). Assessing the cognitive and behavioral components of children’s self-management. In Karoly P., Kanfer F. H. (Eds.), Self-management and behavior change (pp. 240-284). New York, NY: Pergamon.
- Lipsey M. W., Wilson D. B. (2001). Practical meta-analysis: Vol. 49. Applied social research methods series. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Seligman M. (1994). What you can change and what you can’t. New York, NY: Knopf.
- Vohs K. D., Baumeister R. F. (2004). Understanding self-regulation. In Baumeister R. F., Vohs K. D. (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications (pp. 1-9). New York, NY: Guilford.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nigg, J. T. (2017) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12675 · Cited by 1,518
Wood, W., & Rünger, D. (2016) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033417 · Cited by 1,445
A Multilab Preregistered Replication of the Ego-Depletion Effect
Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L. D., Alberts, H. J. E. M., Anggono, C. O., Batailler, C., Birt, A. R., Brand, R., Brand, M., Brewer, G., Bruyneel, S. D., et al. (2016) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691616652873 · Cited by 1,097
Self-citationSelf-Control and Grit: Related but Separable Determinants of Success
Duckworth, A., & Gross, J. J. (2014) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721414541462 · Cited by 1,025
Everyday temptations: an experience sampling study of desire, conflict, and self-control
Hofmann, W., Baumeister, R. F., Förster, G., & Vohs, K. D. (2012) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0026545 · Cited by 986
Metadata
- Authors
- de Ridder, D. T. D., Lensvelt-Mulders, G., Finkenauer, C., Stok, F. M., & Baumeister, R. F.
- Affiliations
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Florida State University (US)
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-08-30
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 76-99
- ISSN
- 1088-8683 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7957
- OpenAlex
- W2077057247
- Cited by
- 1,693
- References
- 171
- Citations by year
- 2026: 113 · 2025: 128 · 2024: 143 · 2023: 132 · 2022: 140 · 2021: 154 · 2020: 185 · 2019: 150 · 2018: 133 · 2017: 100 · 2016: 104 · 2015: 92 · 2014: 58 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 49.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- nbn-resolving.de
- Locations
- Personality and Social Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission (223488)
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (RL1AA017541)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (UL1DE019586)
- Common Fund (UL1-DE019586)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- self-control, self-control scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, impulsivity, life domains, achievement, psychological adjustment
- MeSH terms
- Achievement, Adaptation, Psychological, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Internal-External Control, Motivation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
