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Taking Stock of Self-Control: A Meta-Analysis of How Trait Self-Control Relates to a Wide Range of Behaviors
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Given assertions of the theoretical, empirical, and practical importance of self-control, this meta-analytic study sought to review evidence concerning the relationship between dispositional self-control and behavior. The authors provide a brief overview over prominent theories of self-control, identifying implicit assumptions surrounding the effects of self-control that warrant empirical testing. They report the results of a meta-analysis of 102 studies (total N = 32,648) investigating the behavioral effects of self-control using the Self-Control Scale, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and the Low Self-Control Scale. A small to medium positive effect of self-control on behavior was found for the three scales. Only the Self-Control Scale allowed for a fine-grained analysis of conceptual moderators of the self-control behavior relation. Specifically, self-control (measured by the Self-Control Scale) related similarly to the performance of desired behaviors and the inhibition of undesired behaviors, but its effects varied dramatically across life domains (e.g., achievement, adjustment). In addition, the associations between self-control and behavior were significantly stronger for automatic (as compared to controlled) behavior and for imagined (as compared to actual) behavior.
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“Previous work has identified self-control (de Ridder, Lensvelt-Mulders, Finkenauer, Stok, & Baumeister, 2012;Stautz, Zupan, Field, & Marteau, 2018) and domain-specific innovativeness (Araujo, Ladeira, & Santini, 2016;Huotilainen, Pirttilä-Backman, & Tuorila, 2006) as important antecedents to food consumption behavior, but to our knowledge, no study of which we are aware has identified a segment of”
From Relationships between functional food consumption and individual traits and values: A segmentation approach (2021) · cites this paper as de Ridder et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“It has been suggested that consumers engaged in health-promoting behaviors, such as healthy eating, exercise higher levels of self-control (de Ridder et al., 2012;Hagger, Gucciardi, et al., 2019;Hankonen, Kinnunen, Absetz, & Jallinoja, 2013).”
From Relationships between functional food consumption and individual traits and values: A segmentation approach (2021) · cites this paper as de Ridder et al., 2012
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“Self-control is highly relevant for explaining or predicting healthy and unhealthy food consumption (de Ridder et al., 2012;Tangney et al., 2004), with both direct and indirect effects on behavior (Hagger, Hankonen, et al., 2019;McCarthy, Collins, Flaherty, & McCarthy, 2017).”
From Relationships between functional food consumption and individual traits and values: A segmentation approach (2021) · cites this paper as de Ridder et al., 2012
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Metadata
- Authors
- de Ridder, D. T. D., Lensvelt-Mulders, G., Finkenauer, C., Stok, F. M., & Baumeister, R. F.
- Affiliations
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Florida State University (US)
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-08-30
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 76-99
- ISSN
- 1088-8683 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7957
- OpenAlex
- W2077057247
- Cited by
- 1,693
- References
- 171
- Citations by year
- 2026: 113 · 2025: 128 · 2024: 143 · 2023: 132 · 2022: 140 · 2021: 154 · 2020: 185 · 2019: 150 · 2018: 133 · 2017: 100 · 2016: 104 · 2015: 92 · 2014: 58 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 49.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- nbn-resolving.de
- Locations
- Personality and Social Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission (223488)
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (RL1AA017541)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (UL1DE019586)
- Common Fund (UL1-DE019586)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- self-control, self-control scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, impulsivity, life domains, achievement, psychological adjustment
- MeSH terms
- Achievement, Adaptation, Psychological, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Internal-External Control, Motivation
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