Cited by 192Stress Responses and CortisolAdrenal Hormones and DisordersTreatment of Major Depression

The glucocorticoid receptor: part of the solution or part of the problem?

Pariante, Carmine M.·2006·Journal of Psychopharmacology

Abstract

Clinical studies have demonstrated hyperactivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and increased levels of cortisol in patients with major depression, because of an impairment of glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated negative feedback (glucocorticoid resistance). Moreover, clinical and experimental studies have shown that antidepressants increase GR function, thus leading to resolution of glucocorticoid resistance. Interestingly, a number of studies have also demonstrated that manipulating GR function with both agonists and antagonists has an antidepressant effect, and indeed that other drugs targeting the HPA axis and cortisol secretion – even drugs with opposite effects on the HPA axis – have antidepressant effects. These studies do not support the notion that cortisol has ‘negative’ effects on the brain. On the contrary, this paper concludes that a lack of the ‘positive’ effects of cortisol on the brain, because of glucocorticoid resistance, is likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of depression.

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Crossref · 10.1177/1359786806066063

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Authors
Pariante, C. M.
Affiliations
King's College London (GB)
Corresponding author
Pariante, Carmine M.
Venue
Journal of Psychopharmacology
Published
2006-07
Volume
20
Issue
4_suppl
Pages
79-84
ISSN
  • 0269-8811 (ISSN-L)
  • 1461-7285
OpenAlex
W1980374662
Cited by
192
References
11
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 16
FWCI
4.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
  • Wellcome Trust
  • Medical Research Council
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
Keywords
glucocorticoid receptor, major depressive disorder, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, glucocorticoid resistance, cortisol, negative feedback, antidepressants, glucocorticoid receptor agonists, glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, depression pathogenesis
MeSH terms
Animals, Antidepressive Agents, Clinical Trials as Topic, Depression, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Receptors, Glucocorticoid

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