Confusion and inconsistency in diagnosis of Asperger syndrome: a review of studies from 1981 to 2010
Abstract
This paper presents a review of past and current research on the diagnosis of Asperger syndrome (AS) in children. It is suggested that the widely used criteria for diagnosing AS in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV are insufficient and invalid for a reliable diagnosis of AS. In addition, when these diagnostic criteria are applied, there is the potential bias of receiving a diagnosis towards the high-functioning end of the autism spectrum. Through a critical review of 69 research studies carried out between 1981 and 2010, this paper shows that six possible criteria for diagnosing AS (specifically, the age at which signs and symptoms related to autism become apparent, language and social communication abilities, intellectual abilities, motor or movement skills, repetitive patterns of behaviour and the nature of social interaction) overlap with the criteria for diagnosing autism. However, there is a possibility that some finer differences exist in the nature of social interaction, motor skills and speech patterns between groups with a diagnosis of AS and autism. These findings are proposed to be of relevance for designing intervention studies aimed at the treatment of specific symptoms in people with an autism spectrum disorder.
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Several systematic reviews have found that distinctions between pervasive developmental disorder subtypes appear to be of dubious diagnostic validity or represent quantitative rather than qualitative variation.
“Several systematic reviews have found that the distinctions between these subtypes appear to be of dubious diagnostic validity or to represent quantitative rather than qualitative variation [7, 8].”
From Mental, behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorders in the ICD-11: an international perspective on key changes and controversies (2020) · cites this paper as [8]
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Seeing the forest and the trees: Disentangling autism phenotypes in the age of DSM-5
Volkmar, F. R., Woodbury‐Smith, M., Macari, S. L., & Øien, R. A. (2021) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579420002047 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
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The Dangers of Posthumous Diagnoses and the Unintended Consequences of Facile Associations
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Autism spectrum disorders : an epidemiological and clinical study
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The Evolution of Autism as a Diagnostic Concept: From Kanner to DSM-5: A commentary
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Recent advances in neuroimaging in autism
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DIAGNÓSTICO DO TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA DE ALTA FUNCIONALIDADE: REVISÃO DE ESCOPO1
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High-Functioning Autism and its Understanding in Modern Literature
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When Genetic and Environmental Factors Meet in Modelling Autism
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DSM-5 and ASD: Reflections and Commentary
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BackgroundCIM-11 (OMS) : nouvelle révision et impact de la classification onusienne en psychiatrie
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Diagnostic Systems for Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disabilities
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Comparison of High-Functioning Autism and Asperger Syndrome
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- Authors
- Sharma, S., Woolfson, L. M., & Hunter, S. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Strathclyde (GB)
- Venue
- Autism
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-08-02
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 465-486
- ISSN
- 1362-3613 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7005
- OpenAlex
- W2108227040
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Autism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ResearchOnline (Glasgow Caledonian University) (acceptedVersion)
- Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Keywords
- Asperger syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, diagnostic criteria, DSM-IV, diagnostic validity, diagnostic reliability, high-functioning autism, social interaction, motor skills, language and communication, repetitive behavior, children
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Diagnosis, Differential, Diagnostic Errors, Humans, Asperger Syndrome, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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