Variability in first impressions of autistic adults made by neurotypical raters is driven more by characteristics of the rater than by characteristics of autistic adults
Abstract
Previous work indicates that first impressions of autistic adults are more favorable when neurotypical raters know their clinical diagnosis and have high understanding about autism, suggesting that social experiences of autistic adults are affected by the knowledge and beliefs of the neurotypical individuals they encounter. Here, we examine these patterns in more detail by assessing variability in first impression ratings of autistic adults ( N = 20) by neurotypical raters ( N = 505). Variability in ratings was driven more by characteristics of raters than those of autistic adults, particularly for items related to “intentions to interact.” Specifically, variability in rater stigma toward autism and autism knowledge contributed to first impression ratings. Only ratings of “awkwardness” were driven more by characteristics of the autistic adults than characteristics of the raters. Furthermore, although first impressions of autistic adults generally improved when raters were informed of their autism status, providing a diagnosis worsened impressions made by neurotypical raters with high stigma toward autism. Variations in how the diagnosis was labeled (e.g. “autistic” vs “has autism”) did not affect results. These findings indicate a large role of neurotypical perceptions and biases in shaping the social experiences for autistic adults that may be improved by reducing stigma and increasing acceptance.
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Nonautistic people report an unwillingness to interact with autistic people based on first impression judgements.
“Nonautistic people also report an unwillingness to interact with autistic people based on first impression judgements (Morrison, DeBrabander, Faso, & Sasson, 2019; Sasson et al., 2017) and brief interactions (Morrison et al., 2020).”
From Annual Research Review: Shifting from ‘normal science’ to neurodiversity in autism science (2022) · cites this paper as Morrison, DeBrabander, Faso, & Sasson, 2019
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- Authors
- Morrison, K. E., DeBrabander, K. M., Faso, D. J., & Sasson, N. J.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Dallas (US)
- nonPareil Institute, USA
- Corresponding author
- Morrison, Kerrianne E
- Venue
- Autism
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2019-03-08
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1817-1829
- ISSN
- 1362-3613 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7005
- OpenAlex
- W2922100205
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 6
- FWCI
- 7.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Autism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Inclusion and Disability in Education and Sport
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- autistic adults, first impressions, rater variability, autism stigma, autism knowledge, diagnosis disclosure, social perception, awkwardness, social acceptance
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attitude to Health, Autistic Disorder, Female, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Middle Aged, Observer Variation, Young Adult
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