The DOI matches its Crossref record; 120 of the 120 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Black feminist-inspired archaeology?
Abstract
Archaeology has undergone a transition over the past two decades with the emergence of feminist discourses, and the mapping of women onto archaeological pasts. Yet Black feminist theorizing remains largely external to archaeological theory and practice, even though African-descended peoples constitute a considerable portion of the groups currently researched in the US and the Caribbean. It is a wonder that this is so, given the impressive body of literature that Black feminists have produced over the years regarding a range of topics relating to African-American experiences. I believe that Black feminist scholarship provides potential models for framing questions of difference and inequality, and for critiquing the sociopolitics of archaeology, particularly where raced and gendered representations of the past are concerned.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Prior to Maria Franklin's (2001a) article discussing Black feminist intersectionality theory's usefulness in providing greater understanding of historic social complexities, the concepts of intersectional identities and power dynamics were scarcely ever used in research that was actually intersectional.”
From Introduction to Archaeologies Special Issue on Intersectionality Theory and Research in Historical Archaeology (2022) · cites this paper as Franklin, 2001a
In the citing paper
“This Introduction to our special issue entitled ''Intersectionality Theory and Research in Historical Archaeology,'' has provided an overview of the development of Black feminist intersectionality theory and theorizing and research in historical archaeology about materializations of intersectional identities and powers, which started before intersectionality theory developed but did not use the”
From Introduction to Archaeologies Special Issue on Intersectionality Theory and Research in Historical Archaeology (2022) · cites this paper as Franklin, 2001a
In the citing paper
“Maria Franklin (2001a) brought Black feminist intersectionality theory from critical and feminist legal studies into historical archaeology, and it has been applied so far predominantly to analyze intersections of racism and sexism connected with intersectional identities of race, gender and class in African diaspora archaeology in America (Battle-Baptiste, 2011;Brandon, 2004;Flewellen, 2017;Frank”
From Introduction to Archaeologies Special Issue on Intersectionality Theory and Research in Historical Archaeology (2022) · cites this paper as Franklin, 2001a
In the citing paper
“Fundamentally, Black archaeology is rooted in the tradition of Black Studies generally, and Black feminism more specifically (Battle-Baptiste 2011; Flewellen 2017; Franklin 2001; Sterling 2015).”
From “The Future of Archaeology Is Antiracist”: Archaeology in the Time of Black Lives Matter (2021) · cites this paper as Franklin 2001
In the citing paper
“Indigenous women were largely omitted in Brazilian archaeology theory and practice, as were African American women in gender archaeology research (Franklin, 2001).”
From Archaeologies of gender, kinship, and mobility in Southeast Brazil: genealogies of Tupiniquim women and the itinerancy of ceramic practices (2023) · cites this paper as Franklin, 2001
In the citing paper
“Black feminist theory within archaeological research is relatively new-only a little over a decade old (Franklin, 2001;Battle-Baptiste, 2011).”
From Dress and Labor: An Intersectional Interpretation of Clothing and Adornment Artifacts Recovered from the Levi Jordan Plantation (2022) · cites this paper as Franklin, 2001
In the citing paper
“Although intersectionality has not made substantial inroads within the field of historical archaeology, a small group of archaeologists, primarily Black women, began asking how the application of Black feminist thought could aid in the interpretation of African American past lived experiences in ways that did not compartmentalize multiple facets of Black women's experiences but rather interpreted”
From Dress and Labor: An Intersectional Interpretation of Clothing and Adornment Artifacts Recovered from the Levi Jordan Plantation (2022) · cites this paper as Franklin, 2001
Citations
Cites
Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment.
Brewer, R. M., & Collins, P. H. (1992) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2074808 · Cited by 19,445
This bridge called my back : writings by radical women of color
Moraga, C. L., & ANZALDÚA, G. E. (2015) · Cited by 4,964
Black looks: race and representation
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.30-2391 · Cited by 4,672
Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center
Jackson, S. (1985) · Ufahamu A Journal of African Studies · doi:10.5070/f7143017029 · Cited by 4,441
Learning from the Outsider Within: The Sociological Significance of Black Feminist Thought
Collins, P. H. (1986) · Social Problems · doi:10.2307/800672 · Cited by 3,536 · cited 2×
“This volume of work, along with a number of others published in the 1980s, highlighted the link between Black women’s studies and the Black feminist movement, a movement committed to social justice and the liberation of Black women from the oppressive forces of racism, sexism, classism and, for Black lesbians, homopho…”
BackgroundFeminist Theory: From Margin to Center
hooks, B. (1984) · Cited by 3,086
Multiple Jeopardy, Multiple Consciousness: The Context of a Black Feminist Ideology
King, D. K. (1988) · Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society · doi:10.1086/494491 · Cited by 1,881
In search of our mothers' gardens : womanist prose
Walker, A. (1984) · Cited by 1,668
Ain't I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism, by Bell Hooks
Perkins, L. M. (1983) · Political Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2150228 · Cited by 1,492
Engendering Archaeology: Women and Prehistory
Dyson, S. L., Gero, J. M., & Conkey, M. W. (1992) · The Journal of Interdisciplinary History · doi:10.2307/205279 · Cited by 1,076
Research works printed but not linked: 55
- Beaulieu, E.A., 1999, Womanist Theory and Research, 2, 21
- Davis, A.Y., 1981, Women, Race, and Class
- Deetz, J., Society for Historical Archaeology annual conference
- Epperson, T.W., 1997, Race Traitor, 7, 9
- Fesler, G., annual conference of the Society for Historical Archaeology
- Franklin, M., Annual Meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology
- Franklin, M., Race, Material Culture, and the Archaeology of Identity
- Gamble, S., 1994, The Routledge Critical Dictionary of Feminism and Postfeminism
- Gathercole, P., 1990, The Politics of the Past
- Harrington, S.P.M., 1993, Archaeology, 46, 28
- Heath, B., 1997, Presenting Archaeology to the Public: Digging for Truths, 177
- Hull, G.T., 1982, All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave
- Hull, G.T., 1982, All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave, xvii
- Hurtado, A., 1994, Theorizing Feminism: Parallel Trends in the Humanities and Social Sciences, 136
- James, S.M., 1993, Theorizing Black Feminisms: The Visionary Pragmatism of Black Women
- Joyce, R., 1992, Exploring Gender Through Archaeology, 63
- Logan, G.C., 1992, CRM, 15, 9
- Lorde, A., 1984, Sister Outsider
- McClaurin, I., Black Feminist Anthropology: Theory, Praxis, Politics and Poetics
- McDavid, C., annual conference of the Society of Historical and Underwater Archaeology
- McDavid, C. and D.W. Babson, eds (1997) Guest edition: In the Realm of Politics: Prospects for Public Participation in African-American and Plantation Archaeology, Historical Archaeology 31(3).
- McKay, N.Y., 1993, Theorizing Black Feminisms: The Visionary Pragmatism of Black Women, 267
- Meskell, L., 1999, Archaeologies of Social Life
- Meskell, L., 2000, Encyclopedia of Feminist Theories, 35
- Mitchell, P.B., 1993, Soul on Rice: African Influences on American Cooking
- Morrison, T., 1987, Beloved
- Mrozowski, S.A., 2000, Lines that Divide: Historical Archaeologies of Race, Class, and Gender
- Mullins, P.R., 1999, Race and Affluence: An Archaeology of Africa America and Consumer Culture
- Orser, C.E., Jr, Race and the Archaeology of Identity
- Paynter, R., 1996, Race, 285
- Pence, E., 1982, All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave, 45
- Perdue Jr, C.L., 1976, Weevils in the Wheat: Interviews with Virginia’s Ex-Slaves
- Pinsky, V., 1989, Critical Traditions in Contemporary Archaeology
- Plunkett, A.J., 1994, Daily Press, B1
- Praetzellis, M., 1992, ‘We Were There, Too’: Archaeology of an African-American Family in Sacramento, California
- Riggs, M.Y., 1994, Awake, Arise and Act: A Womanist Call for Black Liberation
- Rodriguez, C., 1996, Womanist Theory and Research, 2, 3
- Roth, B., 1999, Womanist Theory and Research, 2, 3
- Schmidt, P.R., 1995, Making Alternative Histories: The Practice of Archaeology and History in Non-Western Settings
- Scott, P.B., 1982, All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave, 85
- Slocum, K., Black Feminist Anthropology: Theory, Praxis, Politics and Poetics
- Smith, B., 1982, All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave, 157
- Smith, B., 1983, Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology
- Spector, J.D., 1993, What This Awl Means
- Spencer-Wood, S., annual conference for the Society of Historical and Underwater Archaeology
- Spencer-Wood, S.M., 4th Australian Women in Archaeology Conference
- Steady, F.C., 1993, Theorizing Black Feminisms, 90
- Tilley, C., 1989, Critical Traditions in Contemporary Archaeology, 104
- Walker, A., 1982, All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave, 37
- Wallace, M., 1982, All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave, 5
- White, D.G., 1991, Before Freedom Came: African-American Life in the Antebellum South, 101
- Wilkie, L.A., 1996, Southeastern Archaeology, 15, 119
- Wilkie, L.A., Race and the Archaeology of Identity
- Wurst, L., 1999, Historical Archaeology, 33
- Yentsch, A., 1994, A Chesapeake Family and Their Slaves
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–163 of 163
Platt, S. E. (2025) · American Antiquity · doi:10.1017/aaq.2025.9 · Cited by 3
On the Politics and Possibilities for Operationalizing Vindicationist Historical Archaeologies
Bell, A. (2008) · Historical Archaeology · doi:10.1007/bf03377078 · Cited by 3
Jenkins, T. H. (2020) · Historical Archaeology · doi:10.1007/s41636-020-00256-2 · Cited by 3
“Take Heede When Ye Wash”: Recognizing the Labor of Enslaved Laundresses on Southern Plantations
McIlvoy, K. E. (2021) · Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage · doi:10.1080/21619441.2021.1908774 · Cited by 3
The Human Experience of Constructing Bodies and Persons: A Discussion
Watkins, R. (2022) · Historical Archaeology · doi:10.1007/s41636-022-00374-z · Cited by 3
At the Intersections of History
Menaker, A., Clark, W. H., Boyd, D. K., Franklin, M., Wright, H. C., & Hanselka, K. (2023) · Advances in Archaeological Practice · doi:10.1017/aap.2023.15 · Cited by 3
Self-citationIdentity Studies in Archaeology
Blake, E. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009459747 · Cited by 3
‘A Web of Community’: Uncovering African American Historic Sites in Deerfield, MA
Sesma, E. (2015) · Journal of Community Archaeology & Heritage · doi:10.1179/2051819615z.00000000033 · Cited by 3
Reilly, M. C. (2014) · Syracuse University Libraries (Syracuse University) · Cited by 3
Miller, I., Youse, Z., Bickey, T., Haddow, E., Mate, G., Zubrzycka, A., Prangnell, J., Fairbairn, A., Robinson, H., Baumgartl, T., et al. (2024) · Archaeology in Oceania/Archæology & physical anthropology in Oceania · doi:10.1002/arco.5330 · Cited by 2
Reeves, M., & Pasch, C. (2022) · Archaeologies · doi:10.1007/s11759-022-09437-2 · Cited by 2
Tonics, Whiskey Bottles, and Syringes: Clues to Care in a Midwife’s Washington, D.C., Household
Saunders, J. B. (2022) · Historical Archaeology · doi:10.1007/s41636-022-00375-y · Cited by 2
Flewellen, A. O. (2023) · Women in engineering and science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-27650-7_4 · Cited by 2
Redfern, R. C. (2024) · Bioarchaeology and social theory · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-49719-3_10 · Cited by 2
The History of Gender Archaeology
Díaz‐Andreu, M., & Pope, R. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190092504.013.37 · Cited by 2
Ribeiro, L. (2017) · Vestígios - Revista Latino-Americana de Arqueologia Histórica · doi:10.31239/vtg.v11i2.10446 · Cited by 2
The Intersections of Structural Violence and Social Agency in Plantation Geographies
Kasper, K., Fryer, D., Evans, J., & Norton, C. (2022) · Archaeologies · doi:10.1007/s11759-022-09444-3 · Cited by 2
Escavando a violência colonial
Hartemann, G. O. (2022) · Cadernos do LEPAARQ (UFPEL) · doi:10.15210/lepaarq.v19i37.23018 · Cited by 2
Fryer, T. C., & Dedrick, M. (2023) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1111/aman.13840 · Cited by 2
Dempsey, K. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/obo/9780199766567-0274 · Cited by 2
Blackmore, C. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118896877.wbiehs152 · Cited by 2
La Arqueología de la Comunidad Negra Estadounidense en tiempos recientes
Leone, M. P., LaRoche, C. J., & Babiarz, J. J. (2021) · Vestígios - Revista Latino-Americana de Arqueologia Histórica · doi:10.31239/vtg.v15i2.35408 · Cited by 1
Skolnik, B. A., & Lee, S. J. (2024) · Historical Archaeology · doi:10.1007/s41636-024-00501-y · Cited by 1
Developing a new theoretical model for West African maritime archaeology
Crutcher, M., Gueye, M., & Sarathi, A. (2025) · Critical African Studies · doi:10.1080/21681392.2025.2470638 · Cited by 1
Methodological Habitus: Complicating Categories, Taxonomies, and Scientism in Archaeology
Prince, J. A. R., Quave, K. E., Hu, D., & Chiou, K. L. (2025) · Journal of Field Archaeology · doi:10.1080/00934690.2025.2582385 · Cited by 1
Gender and Prestige in Household Archaeology: Publication and Citation Trends, 1990–2019
MacLellan, J. (2026) · Advances in Archaeological Practice · doi:10.1017/aap.2025.10132 · Cited by 2
Who Writes about Southwest Archaeology? Gendered Authorship and Publication Trends
Fladd, S. G., Schleher, K. L., Bishop, K. J., & Oas, S. E. (2026) · KIVA · doi:10.1080/00231940.2026.2658968 · Cited by 1
Craft Enterprise and the Harriet Tubman Home
Armstrong, A., & Armstrong, D. V. (2012) · Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage · doi:10.1179/jaf.2012.1.1.41 · Cited by 1
Tanzanian Women in Archaeology
Ranhorn, K. L., & Bundala, M. (2023) · Women in engineering and science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-27650-7_23 · Cited by 1
Osterholtz, A. J. (2025) · Bioarchaeology and social theory · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-85998-4_3 · Cited by 1
Westmont, V. C. (2024) · Public Archaeology · doi:10.1080/14655187.2025.2494455 · Cited by 1
Chiou, K. L., Hu, D., Quave, K. E., Prince, J. A. R., Warnes, A., Williams-Forson, P. A., Brunache, P., Bardolph, D. N., & Fedoroff, M. P. (2025) · Food Culture & Society · doi:10.1080/15528014.2025.2526299 · Cited by 1
Kingsolver, A. E., & Sesma, E. (2023) · Southern Anthropologist · doi:10.56702/saol7955/santh3801/3 · Cited by 1
Imagined Asia: Archaeology and Museum Anthropology of the Chinese Diaspora and the Ainu
Lowman, C. B. (2019) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 1
Montón‐Subías, S., & Meyer, W. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_259-2 · Cited by 1
Montón‐Subías, S., & Meyer, W. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_259 · Cited by 1
Towards a Public Archaeology of the Working Classes
Westmont, V. C. (2024) · Archaeologies · doi:10.1007/s11759-024-09518-4 · Cited by 1
Pemban People: Local Ceramics and Changing Identities
Croucher, S. K. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8471-5_7
AS “TARTARUGAS DE GEERTZ”: A AFIRMAÇÃO DE UM PONTO-DEVISTA GEOGRÁFICO NA RELAÇÃO ANTROPOLÓGICA
Pimenta, J. R. (2009) · GEOUSP Espaço e Tempo (Online) · doi:10.11606/issn.2179-0892.geousp.2009.74121
Black-Americans in Michigan’s Copper Mining Narrative
Pelto, B. (2017) · Digital Commons - Michigan Tech (Michigan Technological University) · doi:10.37099/mtu.dc.etdr/531
Archaeological Recovery of Identity
Baram, U. (2019) · Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage · doi:10.1080/21619441.2019.1644825
Moving Toward Ethical Treatment of African American Heritage
Parker, K. (2021) · University of New Hampshire Scholars Repository (University of New Hampshire at Manchester)
“A Sharp White Background”: Enslavement and Privilege at Eighteenth-Century Harvard College
Hodge, C. J. (2021) · Historical Archaeology · doi:10.1007/s41636-021-00300-9
Sterling, K. (2022) · European Journal of Archaeology · doi:10.1017/eaa.2022.10
Wilkie, L. A. (2020) · Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association · doi:10.1111/apaa.12134
Archéologie féministe : histoire, politique et actions (Norvège, États-Unis, France)
Algrain, I., Mary, L., Pasquini, B., & Vandevelde, S. (2022) · Les Nouvelles de l archéologie · doi:10.4000/nda.13965
Martin, D. L. (2023) · American Antiquity · doi:10.1017/aaq.2023.50
Johnson, M. (2019) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394261062.biblio
Spencer‐Wood, S. M. (2024) · Contributions To Global Historical Archaeology/Contributions to global historical archaeology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-37578-1_4
Escribir en comunidad: Construcción de relaciones y responsabilidad en la producción de conocimiento
Prince, J. A. R., Blackwood, E. M., Landrum, M., Milton, E. B. P., Rodgers, E. L., Barnes, M., Chin, E. J., Craven, C., Douglass, K., Torres, M. J. F., et al. (2025) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1111/aman.28080
Finneran, N., & Sarpong, J. (2025) · Azania Archaeological Research in Africa · doi:10.1080/0067270x.2025.2517450
To identity and beyond: exploring the limits of the archaeological study of identity
van Helden, D. P. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.25392/leicester.data.14229449
Williamson, M. (2025) · eCommons (Cornell University) · doi:10.7298/48h7-ya53
A Black Feminist’s Educational Justice
Walls, A. (2024) · eCommons (Cornell University) · doi:10.7298/nmem-fm51
Archaeology of the Plantation Complex in the Caribbean
Dunnavant, J. P. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009091862.007
Pierre, J., & Rahier, J. M. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009091862.002
Perspectivas feministas y arqueología doméstica: reflexiones conceptuales desde Colombia
Henderson, H. J. R. (2026) · Revista Colombiana de Antropología · doi:10.22380/2539472x.3223
Ideas on a black feminist interpretive framework for understanding experiences of convict leasing
Westmont, V. C. (2026) · Southeastern Archaeology · doi:10.1080/0734578x.2026.2715860
Starting and adapting with reflection: community archaeology at Evergreen Plantation, Louisiana
Skipton, T., & Mehta, J. M. (2026) · Southeastern Archaeology · doi:10.1080/0734578x.2026.2735693
Buried Identities: Analyzing Maya Gender Roles through Burials at Chan Chich, Belize
Watson, N. (2026) · The Cupola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College (Gettysburg College)
Self-Sufficiency, Uplift, and Living Well: Archaeologies of Care in the African Diaspora
Wilkie, L. A. (2026) · Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage · doi:10.1080/21619441.2026.2743412
Metadata
- Authors
- Franklin, M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Corresponding author
- Franklin, Maria
- Venue
- Journal of Social Archaeology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2001-06
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 108-125
- ISSN
- 1469-6053 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-2951
- OpenAlex
- W2048711911
- Cited by
- 163
- References
- 117
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Social Archaeology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Association of University Women
- National Geographic Society
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Historical and Cultural Archaeology Studies
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Feminist Theory and Gender Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Race, History, and American Society
- Keywords
- Black feminist theory, feminist archaeology, Afro-descendants, African American experience, Caribbean archaeology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
