Divine Boundaries: How Religion Shapes Citizens’ Attitudes Toward Immigrants
Abstract
How does religion affect one’s attitudes toward immigrants? Scholars have shown that members of minor religious groups are less anti-immigrant than members of majority affiliations and that Evangelical Protestants are particularly hostile. Other scholars have demonstrated that increased religiosity reduces immigrant animus. Here, we argue that religion affects immigration attitudes via a distinct religiously informed interpretation of America’s national identity, which we call Christian nationalism. Christian nationalists believe that America has a divinely inspired mission and link its success to God’s favor. Using social identity complexity theory, we argue that citizens who ascribe to this worldview should be least tolerant of those they perceive as symbolic threats to American national identity. We assess this claim using the 2006 Pew Immigration Attitudes Survey and the 2008 Cooperative Congressional Election Survey. Christian nationalism is a robust determinant of immigrant animus, whereas religious affiliation only affects immigrant animus when Christian nationalism is excluded.
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Christian nationalism in the United States strongly predicts prejudice toward immigrants.
“McDaniel et al. (2011) demonstrate that Christian nationalism in the United States-i.e., the belief that the United States has a special relationship with God, placing it above other nations-strongly predicts prejudice toward immigrants.”
From Prejudice and Discrimination Toward Immigrants (2021) · cites this paper as McDaniel et al. 2011
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- Authors
- Leon McDaniel, E., Nooruddin, I., & Faith Shortle, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- The Ohio State University (US)
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Corresponding author
- Nooruddin, Irfan
- ORCID
- Nooruddin, Irfan
- Venue
- American Politics Research
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-09-09
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 205-233
- ISSN
- 0044-7803 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-673X
- 1552-3373
- OpenAlex
- W2152597468
- Cited by
- 284
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 14.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Politics Research (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Religion and Society Interactions
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Refugees, and Integration
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Populism, Right-Wing Movements
- Keywords
- Christian nationalism, immigration attitudes, anti-immigrant sentiment, religious affiliation, national identity, evangelical Christians, symbolic threat, religious minorities, American exceptionalism
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