The DOI matches its Crossref record; 80 of the 83 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dick pics on blast: A woman’s resistance to online sexual harassment using humour, art and Instagram
Abstract
This article brings to attention and explores women’s use of non-traditional forms of resistance to online sexual harassment. In this piece we use Anna Gensler’s Instagram art project Instagranniepants to examine how women are appropriating the language and practices of the cyber realm to expose online sexual harassment and to engender a creative resistance which is critical, comedic and entertaining. Drawing from interdisciplinary literature on witnessing, satire and shaming, we explore the techniques Gensler uses to not only document harassment but also resist, engage and punish those who seek to perpetrate it. This article problematises the stereotype of women as passive victims of online public spaces, and is critical of popular discourses that portray online spaces as exclusively risky and that position women as the natural victims of online violence. It concludes that a more nuanced account of women’s negotiation of online spaces is necessary, particularly as an overarching narrative of risk and victimisation undermines the liberatory potential of the online realm.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Through the drawings and group discussion, then, the girls sometimes collectively challenged the normalisation of online sexual harassment via unwanted images, laughing and using sarcasm”
From Teen Girls’ Experiences Negotiating the Ubiquitous Dick Pic: Sexual Double Standards and the Normalization of Image Based Sexual Harassment (2021) · cites this paper as Vitis and Gilmour, 2017
Citations
Cites
Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy
Fraser, N. W. (2014) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315822174-11 · Cited by 5,475
Garland, D. (2001) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003060581-51 · Cited by 5,294
Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy
Fraser, N. (1990) · Social Text · doi:10.2307/466240 · Cited by 5,147
The culture of control: crime and social order in contemporary society
(2002) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.39-3104 · Cited by 3,580
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-4214 · Cited by 1,198
Rees, T. L., & Wajcman, J. (1993) · British Journal of Sociology · doi:10.2307/591252 · Cited by 1,039
Citron, D. K. (2014) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674735613 · Cited by 738
Differences in Actual and Perceived Online Skills: The Role of Gender*
Hargittai, E., & Shafer, S. (2006) · Social Science Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2006.00389.x · Cited by 734
Effects of anonymity, invisibility, and lack of eye-contact on toxic online disinhibition
Lapidot‐Lefler, N., & Barak, A. (2011) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2011.10.014 · Cited by 709
Sexual Harassment of Working Women: A Case of Sex Discrimination
Taub, N., & MacKinnon, C. A. (1980) · Columbia Law Review · doi:10.2307/1122289 · Cited by 644 · cited 1×
“This disbelief of, and hostility towards, women naming their experiences occurs against a backdrop of myths about the veracity of women’s claims of violence, exemplified by pervasive rape myths that women lie about sexual assault (Edwards et al., 2011; MacKinnon, 1979).”
BackgroundPreventing the “Second Rape”: Rape Survivors' Experiences With Community Service Providers
CAMPBELL, R., WASCO, S. M., AHRENS, C. E., SEFL, T., & BARNES, H. E. (2001) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/088626001016012002 · Cited by 640
Virtual Culture: Identity and Communication in Cybersociety
Jones, S. (2002) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781446250303 · Cited by 613
Loader, B. D., & Mercea, D. (2011) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2011.592648 · Cited by 606
Contexts of computer-mediated communication
Lea, M. (1992) · Harvester Wheatsheaf eBooks · Cited by 576
Cultural Criminology and the Carnival of Crime
Presdee, M. (2003) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203299142 · Cited by 494
Rape Myths: History, Individual and Institutional-Level Presence, and Implications for Change
Edwards, K. M., Turchik, J. A., Dardis, C. M., Reynolds, N., & Gidycz, C. A. (2011) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-011-9943-2 · Cited by 471
Journal of Management Policy and Practice
(2019) · Journal of Management Policy and Practice · doi:10.33423/jmpp · Cited by 468
Sexual harassment under social identity threat: The computer harassment paradigm.
Maass, A., Cadinu, M., Guarnieri, G., & Grasselli, A. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.5.853 · Cited by 447
Andenaes, J., & Morris, N. (1974) · University of Michigan Press eBooks · Cited by 433
Sexual Harassment of Working Women: A Case of Sex Discrimination, by Catharine A. MacKinnon
MacManus, S. A. (1979) · Political Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2149645 · Cited by 383
Jane, E. A. (2012) · Feminist Media Studies · doi:10.1080/14680777.2012.741073 · Cited by 381
Sexual harassment on the internet
Barak, A. (2005) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/0894439304271540 · Cited by 367
‘Back to the kitchen, cunt’: speaking the unspeakable about online misogyny
Jane, E. A. (2014) · Continuum · doi:10.1080/10304312.2014.924479 · Cited by 354
European Journal of Communication 3
Izrael, P. (2007) · Otázky žurnalistiky · Cited by 341
Online incivility or sexual harassment? Conceptualising women's experiences in the digital age
Megarry, J. (2014) · Women's Studies International Forum · doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2014.07.012 · Cited by 295
Social Reactions to Child Sexual Abuse Disclosures: A Critical Review
Ullman, S. E. (2002) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1300/j070v12n01_05 · Cited by 284 · cited 2×
“Women who experience gender-based violence are routinely disbelieved or their experiences are trivialised (Campbell et al., 2001; Kaukinen and DeMaris, 2009; Salter, 2012; Ullman, 2003), and those who identify or complain about harassment are often treated with hostility (Maass et al.”
BackgroundBeyond the ‘sext’: Technology-facilitated sexual violence and harassment against adult women
Henry, N., & Powell, A. (2014) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1177/0004865814524218 · Cited by 283
Embodied Harms: Gender, Shame, and Technology-Facilitated Sexual Violence
Henry, N., & Powell, A. (2015) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801215576581 · Cited by 270
Satire: A Critical Reintroduction.
DeLuna, D. N., & Griffin, D. H. (1994) · MLN · doi:10.2307/2904720 · Cited by 262
Karstedt, S. (2002) · Theoretical Criminology · doi:10.1177/136248060200600304 · Cited by 254
Gender and Power in On‐line Communication
Herring, S. C. (2003) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470756942.ch9 · Cited by 247
Ringrose, J., & Renold, E. (2012) · Gender and Education · doi:10.1080/09540253.2011.645023 · Cited by 246
Sexting, consent and young people's ethics: Beyond Megan's Story
Albury, K., & Crawford, K. (2012) · Continuum · doi:10.1080/10304312.2012.665840 · Cited by 236
When Are Net Effects Gross Products? Communication
Spears, R., Postmes, T., Lea, M., & Wolbert, A. (2002) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/1540-4560.00250 · Cited by 230
Handbook of Victims and Victimology
(2012) · Willan eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203118207 · Cited by 219
The Rhetorical Dynamics of Gender Harassment On-Line
Herring, S. C. (1999) · The Information Society · doi:10.1080/019722499128466 · Cited by 219
Salter, M. (2013) · Crime Media Culture An International Journal · doi:10.1177/1741659013493918 · Cited by 218
Gender and Power in Online Communication
Herring, S. C. (2001) · IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) · Cited by 206
Kendall, L. (2000) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/089124300014002003 · Cited by 194
Berger, P. L. (1997) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783110810660 · Cited by 191
Stanko, E. A. (1997) · Theoretical Criminology · doi:10.1177/1362480697001004004 · Cited by 183
Sext education: pedagogies of sex, gender and shame in the schoolyards ofTaggedandExposed
Dobson, A. S., & Ringrose, J. (2015) · Sex Education · doi:10.1080/14681811.2015.1050486 · Cited by 175
The Offensive Internet: Speech, Privacy, and Reputation
Levmore, S., & Nussbaum, M. C. (2012) · doi:10.4159/9780674058767/html · Cited by 171
Digital Youth, Innovation, and the Unexpected
Xenos, M. A. (2009) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/13691180802552932 · Cited by 153
Computer friends and foes: Content of undergraduates' electronic mail
McCormick, N. B., & McCormick, J. W. (1992) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/0747-5632(92)90031-9 · Cited by 137
Karaian, L. (2014) · Theoretical Criminology · doi:10.1177/1362480613504331 · Cited by 134
The ‘Other’ Laughs Back: Humour and Resistance in Anti-racist Comedy
Weaver, S. (2010) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/0038038509351624 · Cited by 130
McGarry, R., & Walklate, S. (2015) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203727379 · Cited by 122
Subversive Memes: Internet Memes as a Form of Visual Rhetoric
Huntington, H. (2013) · AoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research · Cited by 101
Configuring Consent: Emerging Technologies, Unauthorized Sexual Images and Sexual Assault
Powell, A. (2010) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1375/acri.43.1.76 · Cited by 98
Naming, shaming and criminal justice: Mass-mediated humiliation as entertainment and punishment
Kohm, S. A. (2009) · Crime Media Culture An International Journal · doi:10.1177/1741659009335724 · Cited by 97
Rafter, N. (2007) · Theoretical Criminology · doi:10.1177/1362480607079584 · Cited by 94
Siebler, F., Sabelus, S., & Bohner, G. (2008) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2007.00404.x · Cited by 84
High Tech or High Risk: Moral Panics about Girls Online
Cassell, J., & Cramer, M. (2008) · Issue Lab (Candid) · Cited by 83
Stringer, R. (2014) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315880129 · Cited by 78
Young people and sexting in Australia: Ethics, representation and the law
Albury, K., Crawford, K., Byron, P., & Mathews, B. (2013) · Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) · Cited by 77
ONLINE ACTIVISM AND STREET HARASSMENT: DIGITAL JUSTICE OR SHOUTING INTO THE ETHER?
Fileborn, B. (2014) · Griffith journal of law and human dignity. · doi:10.69970/gjlhd.v2i1.569 · Cited by 73
The digital pillory: media shaming of ‘ordinary' people for minor crimes
Hess, K., & Waller, L. J. (2013) · Continuum · doi:10.1080/10304312.2013.854868 · Cited by 66
Sexual Assault and Current Mental Health: The Role of Help-Seeking and Police Response
Kaukinen, C., & DeMaris, A. (2009) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801209346713 · Cited by 62
Feminist humor: Rebellious and self‐affirming
Merrill, L. (1988) · Women s Studies · doi:10.1080/00497878.1988.9978732 · Cited by 60
Knowing Victims: Feminism, Agency and Victim Politics in Neoliberal Times
Stringer, R. (2014) · Cited by 56
The Judicial and Judicious Use of Shame Penalties
Karp, D. R. (1998) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0011128798044002006 · Cited by 54
Franklin, Z. (2014) · bepress Legal Repository · doi:10.15779/z389j8h · Cited by 53
Crime and Punishment in Contemporary Culture
Valier, C. (2005) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203987384 · Cited by 52
Sensitive New-age Laws: The Reassertion of Emotionality in Law
Laster, K., & O’Malley, P. (1996) · International journal of law, crime and justice · doi:10.1006/ijsl.1996.0002 · Cited by 49
Bing, J. M. (2004) · ODU Digital Commons (Old Dominion University) · Cited by 42
Humorous Assaults on Patriarchal Ideology*
Case, C. E., & Lippard, C. D. (2009) · Sociological Inquiry · doi:10.1111/j.1475-682x.2009.00282.x · Cited by 41
Language and Libertarianism: The Politics of Cyberculture and the Culture of Cyberpolitics
Jordan, T. (2001) · The Sociological Review · doi:10.1111/1467-954x.00241 · Cited by 38
Cultural Politics of Humor in (De)Normalizing Islamophobic Stereotypes
Zimbardo, Z. M. (2014) · Islamophobia Studies Journal · doi:10.13169/islastudj.2.1.0059 · Cited by 35
Witnessing Wootton Bassett: An Exploration in Cultural Victimology
Walklate, S., Mythen, G., & McGarry, R. (2011) · Crime Media Culture An International Journal · doi:10.1177/1741659011407110 · Cited by 30
Laughter the Best Medicine: Muslim Comedians and Social Criticism in Post-9/11 America
Amarasingam, A. (2010) · Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs · doi:10.1080/13602004.2010.533444 · Cited by 28
GRIFFITH JOURNAL OF LAW & HUMAN DIGNITY
Lemass, K., Armao, J., Marcantelli, D. J., Gorasia, N., Gunawan, M., Lal, F., & Warren, D. E. (2014) · Cited by 27
Selected Papers in Internet Research
Feldman, Z. (2012) · Cited by 27
Feminism and women's sense of humor
Franzini, L. R. (1996) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/bf01544094 · Cited by 22
Valier, C. (2004) · Punishment & Society · doi:10.1177/1462474504043630 · Cited by 20
Contested Spaces: Protecting or Inhibiting Girls Online?
Shade, L. R. (2007) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230607019_15 · Cited by 20
Girling, E. (2004) · Punishment & Society · doi:10.1177/1462474504043632 · Cited by 15
Walklate, S. (2013) · Nottingham law journal · Cited by 12
Abusive Online Conduct: Discrimination and Harassment in Cyberspace
Gumbus, A., & Meglich, P. A. (2013) · Cited by 7
Barreca, R. (1988) · Women s Studies · doi:10.1080/00497878.1988.9978714 · Cited by 4
Research works printed but not linked: 16
- Amico E, 2015, NYSBA Entertainment, Arts and Sports Law Journal, 26, 24
- Beverley J, 2004, Testimonio: On the Politics of Truth
- Bing J, 2004, Women and Language, 27, 22
- Bluett-Boyd N, 2013, Australian Institute of Family Studies
- Carney P, 2010, Framing Crime: Cultural Criminology and the Image, 17
- Citron DK, 2009, Michigan Law Review, 108, 373
- Citron DK, 2014, Wake Forest Law Review, 49, 345
- Döring N, 2014, yberpsychology: Journal of Psychological Research on Cyberspace, 8, 1
- Ferrell J, 2008, Cultural Criminology
- Franklin Z, 2014, California Law Review, 102, 1303
- Franks MA, 2012, Maryland Law Review, 71, 655
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226190174.001.0001 · DOI · Paper page
- Herring SC, 1992, Locating Power: The Proceedings of the Second Berkeley Women and Language Conference, 250
- Kubic E, 2012, Cyberfeminism 2.0, 135
- Milford T, 2015, eGirls, eCitizens, 55
- Salter M, 2012, International Journal of Criminal Justice, 1, 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Queer women’s experiences of patchwork platform governance on Tinder, Instagram, and Vine
Duguay, S., Burgess, J., & Suzor, N. P. (2018) · Convergence The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies · doi:10.1177/1354856518781530 · Cited by 210
"They Don't Leave Us Alone Anywhere We Go": Gender and Digital Abuse in South Asia
Sambasivan, N., Batool, A., Ahmed, N., Matthews, T., Thomas, K., Gaytán-Lugo, L. S., Nemer, D., Bursztein, E., Churchill, E., & Consolvo, S. (2019) · Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3290605.3300232 · Cited by 175
Ringrose, J., Regehr, K., & Whitehead, S. (2021) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-021-01236-3 · Cited by 129
Unsolicited dick pics: Erotica, exhibitionism or entitlement?
Hayes, R. M., & Dragiewicz, M. (2018) · Women's Studies International Forum · doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2018.07.001 · Cited by 96
Intimate intrusions online: Studying the normalisation of abuse in dating apps
Gillett, R. (2018) · Women s Studies International Forum · doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2018.04.005 · Cited by 96
Metadata
- Authors
- Vitis, L., & Gilmour, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- University of Otago (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Vitis, Laura
- Venue
- Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-06-24
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 335-355
- ISSN
- 1741-6590 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-6604
- OpenAlex
- W2463218703
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 8
- FWCI
- 26.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Crime Media Culture An International Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Feminism, and Media
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Stalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Keywords
- online sexual harassment, women's resistance, humour, satire, Instagram, witnessing, shaming, online public space, victimhood, online risks, cyberbullying
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review