Cited by 367Sexual Assault and Victimization StudiesStalking, Cyberstalking, and HarassmentWorkplace Violence and Bullying

Sexual harassment on the internet

Barak, Azy·2005·Social Science Computer Review

Abstract

Sexual harassment offline is a well-known, highly prevalent, extensively investigated, and intensively treated social problem. An accepted model classifies sexual harassment behaviors into the categories of gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, and sexual coercion. Theory and research show that sexual harassment behavior occurs as a product of person · situation characteristics and has substantial personal and organizational costs. This article reviews the available information on sexual harassment in cyberspace, equates this phenomenon with what has been learned about sexual harassment offline, points to specific characteristics of online culture and technology that reinforce the behavior, and proposes ways of promoting prevention.

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Crossref · 10.1177/0894439304271540

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138 of 138 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • No single model encapsulates all specific manifestations of online sexual harassment.

    “there is no single model that encapsulates all of its specific manifestations (Barak, 2005; Fitzgerald et al., 1995; Henry & Powell, 2018).”
  • Online sexual harassment is a multidimensional phenomenon encompassing several interrelated forms of aggression.

    “the literature conclusively states that online sexual harassment is a multidimensional phenomenon that encompasses several interrelated forms of aggression”
  • Previous theoretical models suggest that traditional forms of harassment (transposed directly from the offline to the online environment) are interrelated in the online context, at least in terms of victimisation.

    “Previous theoretical models suggest that traditional forms of harassment (transposed directly from the offline to the online environment) are interrelated in the online context (Barak, 2005), at least in terms of victimisation (Sánchez-Jiménez et al., 2017).”
  • The direct and ambiguous dimensions of online sexual harassment identified by Barak (2005) overlap in the online context among adolescents.

    “Similarly to that found in the study by Sánchez-Jiménez et al. (2017) on online sexual victimisation in adolescence, the direct and ambiguous dimensions identified by Barak (2005) seem to overlap in the online context also.”

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Authors
Barak, A.
Affiliations
University of Haifa (IL)
Corresponding author
Barak, Azy
Venue
Social Science Computer Review
Published
2005-02
Volume
23
Issue
1
Pages
77-92
ISSN
  • 0894-4393 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-8286
OpenAlex
W2056956830
Cited by
367
References
138
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 10
FWCI
10.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Social Science Computer Review (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Stalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Workplace Violence and Bullying
Keywords
sexual harassment, internet, online harassment, unwanted sexual attention, sexual coercion, gender-based harassment, online culture, technology characteristics, prevention

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