Preventing the “Second Rape”: Rape Survivors' Experiences With Community Service Providers
Abstract
Although prevention efforts aimed at eliminating the occurrence of sexual assault are clearly needed, it is also important to consider how we can prevent further trauma among those already victimized. Prior research suggests that rape survivors may experience victim-blaming treatment from system personnel ( termed secondary victimization or the second rape). This research examined how postassault contact with community systems exacerbated rape victims' psychological and physical health distress. Findings revealed that the majority of rape survivors who reported their assault to the legal or medical system did not receive needed services. These difficulties with service delivery were associated with both perceived and objective measures of negative health outcomes. Contact with the mental health system, rape crisis centers, or religious communities was generally perceived by victims as beneficial. This study suggests that the trauma of rape extends far beyond the assault itself, as negative community responses can significantly elevate distress.
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“The initial healthcare response during the aftermath of SA can have profound impacts on the survivor (Campbell et al., 2001,, 2005; Caswell et al., 2019; Kirkner et al., 2021; Maier, 2008).”
Background
- Authors
- CAMPBELL, R., WASCO, S. M., AHRENS, C. E., SEFL, T., & BARNES, H. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2001-12
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1239-1259
- ISSN
- 0886-2605 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6518
- OpenAlex
- W2152988344
- Cited by
- 640
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 86 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 13.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- rape victims, secondary victimization, victim blaming, rape crisis centers, mental health services, religious communities, service delivery, psychological distress, physical health outcomes
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