The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 63 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
ESC e-Cardiology Working Group Position Paper: Overcoming challenges in digital health implementation in cardiovascular medicine
Open accessAbstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the availability of highly effective treatments, the contemporary burden of disease remains huge. Digital health interventions hold promise to improve further the quality and experience of cardiovascular care. This position paper provides a brief overview of currently existing digital health applications in different cardiovascular disease settings. It provides the reader with the most relevant challenges for their large-scale deployment in Europe. The potential role of different stakeholders and related challenges are identified, and the key points suggestions on how to proceed are given. This position paper was developed by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) e-Cardiology working group, in close collaboration with the ESC Digital Health Committee, the European Association of Preventive Cardiology, the European Heart Rhythm Association, the Heart Failure Association, the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association, the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions, the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions and the Council on Hypertension. It relates to the ESC's action plan and mission to play a pro-active role in all aspects of the e-health agenda in support of cardiovascular health in Europe and aims to be used as guiding document for cardiologists and other relevant stakeholders in the field of digital health.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.
Citations
Cites
Ibanez, B., James, S., Agewall, S., Antunes, M. J., Bucciarelli-Ducci, C., Bueno, H., Caforio, A. L. P., Crea, F., Goudevenos, J. A., Halvorsen, S., et al. (2018) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393 · Cited by 9,728
Self-citationRoffi, M., Patrono, C., Collet, J.-P., Mueller, C., Valgimigli, M., Andreotti, F., Bax, J. J., Borger, M. A., Brotons, C., Chew, D. P., et al. (2016) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv320 · Cited by 8,261
Self-citationAuthors Task Force Members, Steg, P. G., James, S. K., Atar, D., Badano, L. P., Lundqvist, C. B., Borger, M. A., Mario, C. D., Dickstein, K., Ducrocq, G., et al. (2012) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs215 · Cited by 6,890
Self-citation2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease
Task Force Members, Montalescot, G., Sechtem, U., Achenbach, S., Andreotti, F., Arden, C., Budaj, A., Bugiardini, R., Crea, F., Cuisset, T., et al. (2013) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht296 · Cited by 4,510
Self-citationHealth literacy in Europe: Comparative results of the european health literacy survey (HLS-EU)
Sørensen, K., Pelikan, J. M., Röthlin, F., Ganahl, K., Slonska, Z., Doyle, G., Fullam, J., Kondilis, B., Agrafiotis, D., Uiters, E., et al. (2015) · The European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckv043 · Cited by 2,651
Kotseva, K., Wood, D., Bacquer, D. D., Backer, G. D., Rydén, L., Jennings, C. S., Gyberg, V., Amouyel, P., Bruthans, J., Conde, A. C., et al. (2015) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487315569401 · Cited by 1,058
European Society of Cardiology: Cardiovascular Disease Statistics 2017
Timmis, A., Petersen, S. E., Belle, E. V., Townsend, N. P., Conrad, N., Kapłon‐Cieślicka, A., Kazakiewicz, D., Kavousi, M., Cvijić, M., Ignatiuk, B., et al. (2017) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehag345 · Cited by 1,001
Smart wearable systems: Current status and future challenges
Chan, M., Estève, D., Fourniols, J.-Y., Escriba, C., & Campo, E. (2012) · Artificial Intelligence in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.artmed.2012.09.003 · Cited by 953
Kontos, E., Blake, K. D., Chou, W.-Y. S., & Prestin, A. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.3117 · Cited by 917
Parati, G., Stergiou, G. S., Asmar, R., Bilo, G., de Leeuw, P., Imai, Y., Kario, K., Lurbe, E., Manolis, A., Mengden, T., et al. (2008) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e328308da66 · Cited by 837
Self-citationHindricks, G., Táborský, M., Glikson, M., Heinrich, U., Schumacher, B., Katz, A., Brachmann, J., Lewalter, T., Goette, A., Block, M. S., et al. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61176-4 · Cited by 742
Halcox, J. P. J., Wareham, K., Cardew, A., Gilmore, M., Barry, J. P., Phillips, C., & Gravenor, M. B. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.117.030583 · Cited by 580
European Society of Hypertension Practice Guidelines for home blood pressure monitoring
Parati, G., Stergiou, G. S., Asmar, R., Bilo, G., de Leeuw, P., Imai, Y., Kario, K., Lurbe, E., Manolis, A., Mengden, T., et al. (2010) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/jhh.2010.54 · Cited by 482
Self-citationWhat Is eHealth (4): A Scoping Exercise to Map the Field
Pagliari, C., Sloan, D., Gregor, P., Sullivan, F., Detmer, D., Kahan, J. P., Oortwijn, W., & MacGillivray, S. (2005) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.7.1.e9 · Cited by 479
Structured telephone support or non-invasive telemonitoring for patients with heart failure
Inglis, S. C., Clark, R. A., Dierckx, R., Prieto-Merino, D., & Cleland, J. G. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007228.pub3 · Cited by 453
Participation and adherence to cardiac rehabilitation programs. A systematic review
Ruano-Ravina, A., Pena-Gil, C., Abu-Assi, E., Raposeiras, S., van 't Hof, A., Meindersma, E., Bossano Prescott, E. I., & González-Juanatey, J. R. (2016) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.08.120 · Cited by 413
eHealth for Patient Engagement: A Systematic Review
Barello, S., Triberti, S., Graffigna, G., Libreri, C., Serino, S., Hibbard, J., & Riva, G. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.02013 · Cited by 411
Inglis, S. C., Clark, R. A., McAlister, F. A., Stewart, S., & Cleland, J. G. F. (2011) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1093/eurjhf/hfr039 · Cited by 378
Landolina, M., Perego, G. B., Lunati, M., Curnis, A., Guenzati, G., Vicentini, A., Parati, G., Borghi, G., Zanaboni, P., Valsecchi, S., et al. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.111.088971 · Cited by 344
Self-citationOmboni, S., Gazzola, T., Carabelli, G., & Parati, G. (2013) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e32835ca8dd · Cited by 313
Self-citationHealth Literacy in the German Population
Schaeffer, D., Berens, E.-M., & Vogt, D. (2017) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2017.0053 · Cited by 272
Kraal, J. J., Marle, M. E. V. D. A., Abu–Hanna, A., Stut, W. J. J., Peek, N. B., & Kemps, H. (2017) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487317710803 · Cited by 263
Fluid status telemedicine alerts for heart failure: a randomized controlled trial
Böhm, M., Drexler, H., Oswald, H., Rybak, K., BOSCH, R. F., Butter, C., Klein, G. G., Gerritse, B., Monteiro, J., Israel, C. W., et al. (2016) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw099 · Cited by 255
Innovative technologies and social inequalities in health: A scoping review of the literature
Weiss, D., Rydland, H. T., Øversveen, E., Jensen, M. R., Solhaug, S., & Krokstad, S. (2018) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195447 · Cited by 240
eHealth Literacy Interventions for Older Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Watkins, I., & Xie, B. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.3318 · Cited by 230
Telehealthcare for long term conditions
McLean, S., Protti, D., & Sheikh, A. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d120 · Cited by 205
Gandapur, Y., Kianoush, S., Kelli, H. M., Misra, S., Urrea, B., Blaha, M. J., Graham, G., Marvel, F. A., & Martin, S. S. (2016) · European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes · doi:10.1093/ehjqcco/qcw018 · Cited by 202
A review of telerehabilitation for cardiac patients
Frederix, I., Vanhees, L., Dendale, P., & Goetschalckx, K. (2014) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x14562732 · Cited by 194
Self-citationFrederix, I., Hansen, D., Coninx, K., Vandervoort, P., Vandijck, D., Hens, N., Van Craenenbroeck, E., Van Driessche, N., & Dendale, P. (2015) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.4799 · Cited by 185
Self-citationeHealth Literacy: Predictors in a Population With Moderate-to-High Cardiovascular Risk
Richtering, S. S., Hyun, K. K., Neubeck, L., Coorey, G., Chalmers, J. P., Usherwood, T. P., Peiris, D., Chow, C. K., & Redfern, J. (2017) · JMIR Human Factors · doi:10.2196/humanfactors.6217 · Cited by 182
Self-citationHow to measure costs and benefits of ehealth interventions: An overview of methods and frameworks
Bergmo, T. S. (2015) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.4521 · Cited by 181
Piotrowicz, E., Zieliński, T., Bodalski, R., Rywik, T. M., Dobraszkiewicz-Wasilewska, B., Sobieszczańska‐Małek, M., Stepnowska, M., Przybylski, A., Browarek, A., Szumowski, Ł. J., et al. (2014) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487314551537 · Cited by 181
Self-citationImproving Hypertension Control and Patient Engagement Using Digital Tools
Milani, R. V., Lavie, C. J., Bober, R., Milani, A. R., & Ventura, H. O. (2016) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.07.029 · Cited by 180
Challenges in secondary prevention after acute myocardial infarction: A call for action
Piepoli, M. F., Corrà, U., Dendale, P., Frederix, I., Prescott, E., Schmid, J. P., Cupples, M., Deaton, C., Doherty, P., Giannuzzi, P., et al. (2016) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487316663873 · Cited by 177
Self-citationFrederix, I., Solmi, F., Piepoli, M. F., & Dendale, P. (2017) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487317732274 · Cited by 172
Self-citationParati, G., Omboni, S., Albini, F., Piantoni, L., Giuliano, A., Revera, M., Illyes, M., & Mancia, G. (2009) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283163caf · Cited by 166
Self-citatione-Health: a position statement of the European Society of Cardiology
Cowie, M., Bax, J. J., Bruining, N., Cleland, J. G. F., Koehler, F., Malík, M., Pinto, F. J., van der Velde, E. T., & Vardas, P. E. (2015) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv416 · Cited by 166
Self-citationFlynn, M. R., Barrett, C. D., Cosío, F. G., Gitt, A. K., Wallentin, L. C., Kearney, P., Lonergan, M., Shelley, E., & Simoons, M. L. (2004) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi079 · Cited by 162
How behavioral science can advance digital health
Pagoto, S., & Bennett, G. G. (2013) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13142-013-0234-z · Cited by 159
eHealth Literacy: In the Quest of the Contributing Factors
Xesfingi, S., & Vozikis, A. (2016) · Interactive Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.2196/ijmr.4749 · Cited by 141
Rai, A., Chen, L., Pye, J., & Baird, A. M. (2013) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2635 · Cited by 140
Using eHealth Technologies: Interests, Preferences, and Concerns of Older Adults
Ware, P., Bartlett, S. J., Paré, G., Symeonidis, I., Tannenbaum, C., Bartlett, G., Poissant, L., & Ahmed, S. (2017) · Interactive Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.2196/ijmr.4447 · Cited by 140
Clark, A. M., King‐Shier, K. M., Duncan, A. S., Spaling, M. A., Stone, J. A., Jaglal, S. B., & Angus, J. (2013) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487312447846 · Cited by 132
Kotecha, D., Chua, W., Fabritz, L., Hendriks, J., Casadei, B., Schotten, U., Vardas, P. E., Heidbüchel, H., Dean, V., & Kirchhof, P. F. (2017) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/eux299 · Cited by 118
Yang, Y. T., & Silverman, R. D. (2014) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0958 · Cited by 111
ESC Core Curriculum for the General Cardiologist (2013)
Gillebert, T. C., Brooks, N. H., Fontes‐Carvalho, R., Fras, Z., Guéret, P., López-Sendón, J. L., Salvador, M. J., van den Brink, R. B. A., Smiseth, O. A., Griebenow, R., et al. (2013) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht234 · Cited by 89
Self-citationMoreno-Conde, A., Moner, D., Cruz, W. D. D., dos Santos, M. R., Maldonado, J. A., Robles, M., & Kalra, D. (2015) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocv008 · Cited by 86
Bruining, N., Caiani, E., Chronaki, C., Guzik, P., & van der Velde, E. (2014) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487314552604 · Cited by 81
Self-citationWolf, A., Fors, A., Ulin, K., Thorn, J., Swedberg, K. B., & Ekman, I. (2016) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.4890 · Cited by 80
eHealth in cardiovascular medicine: A clinical update
Saner, H. E., & van der Velde, E. T. (2016) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487316670256 · Cited by 79
Moving From Digitalization to Digitization in Cardiovascular Care
Steinhubl, S. R., & Topol, E. J. (2015) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.006 · Cited by 75
Parati, G., Torlasco, C., Omboni, S., & Pellegrini, D. (2017) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-017-0743-0 · Cited by 75
Self-citationTorrent‐Sellens, J., Díaz-Chao, Á., Soler-Ramos, I., & Saigí-Rubió, F. (2016) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.5605 · Cited by 56
Adoption of health information technologies by physicians for clinical practice: The Andalusian case
Villalba‐Mora, E., Casas, I., Lupiáñez‐Villanueva, F., & Maghiros, I. (2015) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.03.002 · Cited by 54
Morgan, J. M., Dimitrov, B. D., Gill, J., Kitt, S., Ng, G. A., McComb, J. M., Raftery, J. P., Roderick, P. J., Seed, A., Williams, S. G., et al. (2014) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.149 · Cited by 38
Self-citationMelchiorre, M. G., Lamura, G., & Barbabella, F. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0207292 · Cited by 37
Schweier, R., Romppel, M., Richter, C., & Grande, G. (2016) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyw019 · Cited by 21
Is there an app for that? Mobile phones and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Neubeck, L., Cartledge, S. H., Dawkes, S., & Gallagher, R. D. (2017) · Current Opinion in Cardiology · doi:10.1097/hco.0000000000000428 · Cited by 17
Self-citationFrederix, I., Vandenberk, T., Janssen, L., Geurden, A., Vandervoort, P. M., & Dendale, P. (2016) · Cardiology · doi:10.1159/000448393 · Cited by 15
Self-citationBarletta, M., Bandera, F., Palumbo, M. C., Corral, M. P. D., Evangelista, M., Alfonzetti, E., & Guazzi, M. (2017) · Circulation · Cited by 12
The future of computers in cardiology: ‘the connected patient’?
Bruining, N., Barendse, R. J., & Cummins, P. A. (2017) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx264 · Cited by 8
Improving Preventive Healthcare with an User-centric Mobile Tele-monitoring Model
Roesler, V., Binotto Alécio, P. D., Iochpe, C., Bruno, P. E., & Tizatto, L. A. P. (2015) · Studies in health technology and informatics · doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-564-7-648 · Cited by 4
FIT@Home editorial: Supporting a new era of cardiac rehabilitation at home?
Frederix, I., Dendale, P., & Sheikh, A. (2017) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487317715308 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Burke, 2017, American Heart Association Publications Committee of the Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Behavior Change Committee of the Council on Cardiometabolic Health, Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing, Council on Functional Genomics and Translational Biology, Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research, and Stroke Council. Current science on consumer use of mobile health for cardiovascular disease prevention. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association, Circulation, 136, 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., Burri, H., Butler, J., Čelutkienė, J., Chioncel, O., et al. (2021) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368 · Cited by 13,344
Self-citation2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes
Byrne, R. A., Rossello, X., Coughlan, J. J., Barbato, E., Berry, C., Chieffo, A., Claeys, M. J., Dan, G.-A., Dweck, M. R., Galbraith, M., et al. (2023) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad191 · Cited by 5,333
Self-citation2021 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure
Authors/Task Force Members:, McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., Burri, H., Butler, J., Čelutkienė, J., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.2333 · Cited by 2,356
Guzik, T. J., MOHIDDIN, S. A., Dimarco, A. D., Patel, V., Savvatis, K., Marelli‐Berg, F. M., Madhur, M. S., Tomaszewski, M., Maffia, P., D’Acquisto, F., et al. (2020) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvaa106 · Cited by 1,484
2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes
Byrne, R. A., Rosselló, X., Coughlan, J. J., Barbato, E., Berry, C., Chieffo, A., Claeys, M. J., Dan, G., Dweck, M. R., Galbraith, M., et al. (2023) · European Heart Journal Acute Cardiovascular Care · doi:10.1093/ehjacc/zuad107 · Cited by 373
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Frederix, I., Caiani, E. G., Dendale, P., Anker, S., Bax, J., Böhm, A., Cowie, M., Crawford, J., de Groot, N., Dilaveris, P., Hansen, T., Koehler, F., Krstačić, G., Lambrinou, E., Lancellotti, P., Meier, P., Neubeck, L., Parati, G., Piotrowicz, E., Tubaro, M., & van der Velde, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Antwerp (BE)
- Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering (IT)
- Jessa Hospital (BE)
- Berlin-Brandenburger Centrum für Regenerative Therapien (DE)
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- Slovak Medical University (SK)
- National Heart and Lung Institute , Imperial College London, UK
- International Advisory Group , Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS), UK
- Department of Cardiology , Erasmus Medical Center, The Netherlands
- Hippocration General Hospital (GR)
- Zealand University Hospital (DK)
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
- University of Osijek (HR)
- Cyprus University of Technology (CY)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège (BE)
- University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
- Edinburgh Napier University (GB)
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano (IT)
- Institute of Cardiology (PL)
- ICCU – Cardiology Division , San Filippo Neri Hospital, Italy
- Department of Cardiology , Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), The Netherlands
- Corresponding author
- Caiani, Enrico G
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Journal of Preventive Cardiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2019-07-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1166-1177
- ISSN
- 2047-4873 (ISSN-L)
- 2047-4881
- OpenAlex
- W2930433124
- Cited by
- 323
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 73 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 10
- FWCI
- 48.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- orbi.uliege.be
- Licence
- Locations
- European Journal of Preventive Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
- Document Server@UHasselt (UHasselt) (submittedVersion)
- Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University) (submittedVersion)
- ORBi (University of Liège) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Keywords
- digital health, cardiology, e-health, digital health implementation, cardiovascular disease, stakeholder roles, large-scale deployment, European Society of Cardiology, health technology adoption
- MeSH terms
- Stakeholder Participation, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Telemedicine, Delivery of Health Care, Integrated, Quality Indicators, Health Care, Consensus, Quality Improvement
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review