Long‐term health and treatment outcomes in adult coeliac disease patients diagnosed by screening in childhood
Open accessAbstract
Background: The diagnostic yield of coeliac disease could be improved by screening in at‐risk groups, but long‐term benefits of this approach are obscure. Objective: To investigate health, quality of life and dietary adherence in adult coeliac patients diagnosed in childhood by screening. Methods: After thorough evaluation of medical history, follow‐up questionnaires were sent to 559 adults with a childhood coeliac disease diagnosis. The results were compared between screen‐detected and clinically‐detected patients, and also between originally asymptomatic and symptomatic screen‐detected patients. Results: In total, 236 (42%) patients completed the questionnaires a median of 18.5 years after childhood diagnosis. Screen‐detected patients ( n = 48) had coeliac disease in the family and type 1 diabetes more often, and were less often smokers and members of coeliac societies compared to clinically‐detected patients, whereas the groups did not differ in current self‐experienced health or health concerns, quality of life or dietary adherence. Screen‐detected, originally asymptomatic patients had more anxiety than those presenting with symptoms, whereas the subgroups were comparable in other current characteristics. Conclusion: Comparable long‐term outcomes between screen‐detected and clinically‐detected patients support risk‐group screening for coeliac disease. However, asymptomatic patients may require special attention.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The long-term outcome of celiac disease in type 1 diabetes patients is similar to that in celiac disease without type 1 diabetes in terms of compliance with the gluten-free diet and achieving remission of celiac disease.
“The long-term outcome of CD in T1D patients is similar to the one in CD without T1D in terms of compliance with the GFD and achieving remission of CD (129, 130).”
From ESPGHAN Position Paper on Management and Follow-up of Children and Adolescents With Celiac Disease. (2022) · cites this paper as [130]
The Results and Discussion report similar long-term dietary adherence in screen-detected and clinically diagnosed coeliac disease patients. They do not compare adherence in patients with versus without type 1 diabetes, and they do not report remission rates for those groups. The Discussion says a gluten-free diet is necessary for remission, but that does not establish the claimed similarity in remission. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Duration of exposure to gluten and risk for autoimmune disorders in patients with celiac disease
Ventura, A., Magazzù, G., & Greco, L. (1999) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.1999.0029900297 · Cited by 901 · see citing works
The Prevalence of Celiac Disease in the United States
Rubio‐Tapia, A., Ludvigsson, J. F., Brantner, T. L., Murray, J. A., & Everhart, J. E. (2012) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2012.219 · Cited by 737 · see citing works
Revicki, D. A., Wood, M., Wiklund, I. E., & Crawley, J. A. (1997) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1023/a:1008841022998 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Dimenäs, E., Carlsson, G., Glise, H., Israelsson, B., & Wiklund, I. E. (1996) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3109/00365529609095544 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Celiac Disease Revealed in 3% of Swedish 12‐year‐olds Born During an Epidemic
Myléus, A., Ivarsson, A., Webb, C., Danielsson, L., Hernell, O., Högberg, L., Karlsson, Ε., Lagerqvist, C., Norström, F., Rosén, A., et al. (2009) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e31818c52cc · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Guidetti, C. S., Solerio, E., Scaglione, N., Aimo, G., & Mengozzi, G. (2001) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.49.4.502 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Viljamaa, M., Kaukinen, K., Pukkala, ., Hervonen, K., Reunala, T. L., & Collin, P. (2006) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2006.03.002 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Self-citationFabiani, E., Taccari, L. M., Rätsch, I. M., Giuseppe, S. D., Coppa, G. V., & Catassi, C. (2000) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(00)35904-2 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Changing Pattern of Childhood Coeliac Disease in Finland
Mäki, M., KALLONEN, K., Lähdeaho, M., & Visakorpi, J. K. (1988) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1988.tb10668.x · Cited by 174 · see citing works
White, L. E., Bannerman, E., & Gillett, P. M. (2016) · Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1111/jhn.12375 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Factors Associated with Dietary Adherence in Celiac Disease: A Nationwide Study
Kurppa, K., Lauronen, O., Collin, P., Ukkola, A., Laurila, K., Huhtala, H., Mäki, M., & Kaukinen, K. (2012) · Digestion · doi:10.1159/000341416 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationScreening for celiac disease in the general population and in high‐risk groups
Ludvigsson, J. F., Card, T. R., Kaukinen, K., Bai, J. C., Zingone, F., Sanders, D. S., & Murray, J. A. (2014) · United European Gastroenterology Journal · doi:10.1177/2050640614561668 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citationvan Koppen, E. J., Schweizer, J. J., Csizmadia, C. G. D. S., Krom, Y. D., Hylkema, H. B., van Geel, A. M., Koopman, H. M., Verloove-Vanhorick, S. P., & Mearin, M. L. (2009) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2008-2221 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Casellas, F., Rodrigo, L., Vivancos, J., Riestra, S., Pantiga, C., Baudet, J., Junquera, F., Puig‐Diví, V., Abadia, C., Papo, M., et al. (2008) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.14.46 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Dietary compliance and life style of children with coeliac disease
Roma, E. S., Roubani, A., Kollia, E., Panayiotou, J., Zellos, A., & Syriopoulou, V. (2010) · Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-277x.2009.01036.x · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Viljamaa, M., Collin, P., Huhtala, H., Sievänen, H. T., Mäki, M., & Kaukinen, K. (2005) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02574.x · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationBetter Dietary Compliance in Patients with Coeliac Disease Diagnosed in Early Childhood
Högberg, L., Grodzinsky, E., & Stenhammar, L. (2003) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1080/00365520310003318 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Severe osteopenia in symptom-free adults with a childhood diagnosis of coeliac disease
Cellier, C., Flobert, C., Cormier, C., Roux, C., & Schmitz, J. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)04855-2 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Laurikka, P., Kurppa, K., Ukkola, A., Collin, P., Huhtala, H., Mäki, M., & Kaukinen, K. (2013) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/1471-230x-13-75 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationUkkola, A., Mäki, M., Kurppa, K., Collin, P., Huhtala, H., Kekkonen, L., & Kaukinen, K. (2011) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2010.10.011 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationUS Preventive Services Task Force, Bibbins-Domingo, K. B., Grossman, D. C., Curry, S. J., Barry, M. J., Davidson, K. W., Doubeni, C. A., Ebell, M. H., Epling, J. W., Herzstein, J., et al. (2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2017.1462 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Presentation of Celiac Disease in Finnish Children Is No Longer Changing: A 50-Year Perspective
Kivelä, L., Kaukinen, K., Lähdeaho, M., Huhtala, H., Ashorn, M. H., Ruuska, T. H., Hiltunen, P., Visakorpi, J. K., Mäki, M., & Kurppa, K. (2015) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.07.057 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationCeliac Disease and the Transition from Childhood to Adulthood: A 28-Year Follow-Up
O’Leary, C., Wieneke, P., Healy, M. E., Cronin, C. C., O’Regan, P., & Shanahan, F. (2004) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.40182.x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Going Gluten Free: the History and Nutritional Implications of Today’s Most Popular Diet
Newberry, C. A., McKnight, C. L., Sarav, M., & Pickett‐Blakely, O. (2017) · Current Gastroenterology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11894-017-0597-2 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Burden of Illness in Screen‐detected Children With Celiac Disease and Their Families
Kinos, S., Kurppa, K., Ukkola, A., Collin, P., Lähdeaho, M., Huhtala, H., Kekkonen, L., Mäki, M., & Kaukinen, K. (2012) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e31825f18ff · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationGastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life in screen-detected celiac disease
Paavola, A., Kurppa, K., Ukkola, A., Collin, P., Lähdeaho, M., Huhtala, H., Mäki, M., & Kaukinen, K. (2012) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2012.04.019 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationNordyke, K., Norström, F., Lindholm, L., Stenlund, H., Rosén, A., & Ivarsson, A. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-142 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Nurminen, S., Kivelä, L., Taavela, J., Huhtala, H., Mäki, M., Kaukinen, K., & Kurppa, K. (2015) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-015-0357-4 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationKivelä, L., Kaukinen, K., Huhtala, H., Lähdeaho, M.-L., Mäki, M., & Kurppa, K. (2017) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.12.077 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationHigh Adherence to a Gluten‐Free Diet in Adolescents With Screening‐Detected Celiac Disease
Webb, C., Myléus, A., Norström, F., Hammarroth, S., Högberg, L., Lagerqvist, C., Rosén, A., Sandström, O., Stenhammar, L., Ivarsson, A., et al. (2014) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000000571 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Reduced Bone Mineral Density in Children With Screening‐detected Celiac Disease
Björck, S., Brundin, C., Karlsson, M. K., & Agardh, D. (2017) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000001568 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Quality of Life in Screen-detected Celiac Disease Patients in the United States
Mahadev, S., Gardner, R., Lewis, S. K., Lebwohl, B., & Green, P. H. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0000000000000433 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Undiagnosed silent coeliac disease: A risk for underachievement?
Verkasalo, M. A., Raitakari, O. T., Viikari, J., Marniemi, J., & Savilahti, E. (2005) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1080/00365520510023792 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The Cost of a Loaf of Bread in Symptomless Celiac Disease
Leffler, D. A., & Kelly, C. P. (2014) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.07.025 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Uutela, T., Hannonen, P., Kautiainen, H., Hakala, M., Paananen, M.-L., & HÄKKINEN, A. H. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
ESPGHAN Position Paper on Management and Follow-up of Children and Adolescents With Celiac Disease.
Mearin, M. L., Agardh, D., Antunes, H., Al‐toma, A., Auricchio, R., Castillejo, G., Catassi, C., Ciacci, C., Discepolo, V., Dolinsek, J., et al. (2022) · Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000003540 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citationGluten-Free Diet in Celiac Disease—Forever and for All?
Itzlinger, A., Branchi, F., Elli, L., & Schümann, M. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10111796 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Extraintestinal Manifestations of Celiac Disease: Early Detection for Better Long-Term Outcomes
Laurikka, P., Nurminen, S., Kivelä, L., & Kurppa, K. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10081015 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Self-citationLionetti, E., Pjetraj, D., Gatti, S., Catassi, G. N., Bellantoni, A., Boffardi, M., Cananzi, M., Cinquetti, M., Francavilla, R., Malamisura, B., et al. (2023) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2022.12.023 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Mass Screening for Celiac Disease: The Autoimmunity Screening for Kids Study
Stahl, M. G., Rasmussen, C. G., Dong, F., Waugh, K., Norris, J. M., Baxter, J., Yu, L., Steck, A. K., Frohnert, B. I., Liu, E., et al. (2020) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000000751 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Felber, J., Schümann, M., Bläker, H., Fischbach, W., Koletzko, S., Laass, M. W., Lachmann, N., Lorenz, P., Lynen, P., Reese, I., et al. (2022) · Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie · doi:10.1055/a-1741-5946 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Kvamme, J., Sørbye, S. W., Florholmen, J. R., & Halstensen, T. S. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-16705-2 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Leinonen, H., Kivelä, L., Lähdeaho, M., Huhtala, H., Kaukinen, K., & Kurppa, K. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11081718 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationIs mass screening for coeliac disease a wise use of resources? A health economic evaluation
Norström, F., Myléus, A., Nordyke, K., Carlsson, A., Högberg, L., Sandström, O., Stenhammar, L., Ivarsson, A., & Lindholm, L. H. (2021) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-021-01737-1 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Bernts, L. H. P., Jones, D. E. J., Kaatee, M. M., Lohse, A. W., Schramm, C., Sturm, E., & Drenth, J. P. H. (2019) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/s13023-019-1152-z · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Kivelä, L., Hekkala, S., Huhtala, H., Kaukinen, K., & Kurppa, K. (2020) · United European Gastroenterology Journal · doi:10.1177/2050640619900077 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationKori, M., Goldstein, S., Hofi, L., & Topf‐Olivestone, C. (2021) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-021-03939-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
One-Year Outcomes Among Children Identified With Celiac Disease Through a Mass Screening Program
Stahl, M. G., Pan, Z., Germone, M. M., Nagle, S., Mehta, P., Shull, M., Griffith, I., Shuler, B., Hoffenberg, E. J., Taki, I., et al. (2024) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2024.03.030 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Tovoli, F., Negrini, G., Sansone, V., Faggiano, C., Catenaro, T., Bolondi, L., & Granito, A. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10121940 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Kröger, S., Kurppa, K., Repo, M., Huhtala, H., Kaukinen, K., Lindfors, K., Arvola, T., & Kivelä, L. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000002675 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationIorfida, D., Valitutti, F., Vestri, A., Rocco, A. D., Cucchiara, S., Lubrano, R., & Montuori, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2021.787938 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Kivelä, L., Eurén, A., Repo, M., Huhtala, H., Kaukinen, K., & Kurppa, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.883220 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationCeliac disease screening in children: evaluating the evidence, benefits, and challenges
Scherman, M. N., Melin, J., & Agardh, D. (2025) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2025.1562073 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Coeliac Disease Case–Control Study: Has the Time Come to Explore beyond Patients at Risk?
Castillejo, G., Sangrador, C. O., Solís, D. P., Cilleruelo, M. L., Donat, E., García-Burriel, J. I., Sánchez‐Valverde, F., Calatayud, S. G., Eizaguirre, F. J., Martínez‐Ojinaga, E., et al. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15051267 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Koskimaa, S., Kivelä, L., Arvola, T., Hiltunen, P., Huhtala, H., Kaukinen, K., & Kurppa, K. (2020) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2020.08.010 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationCrocco, M., Malerba, F., Calvi, A., Zampatti, N., Valitutti, F., Pisciotta, L., Borgarelli, C., Montuori, M., Oliva, S., Catassi, G. N., et al. (2025) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2024.12.020 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Rustagi, S., Choudhary, S., Khan, S., & Jain, T. (2020) · Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal · doi:10.12944/crnfsj.8.3.29 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Gianolio, L., Magnani, L., Topa, M., Poli, A., Cocuccio, C., Mantegazza, C., Scaramella, L., Marsilio, M., Zuccotti, G., Elli, L., et al. (2025) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2025.09.030 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Paul, S. P., Balakumar, V., & Gillett, P. M. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000003126 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Tauschi, R., Eurén, A., Vuorela, N., Koskimaa, S., Huhtala, H., Kaukinen, K., Kivelä, L., & Kurppa, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.1055135 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationThe UEG Journal is steaming ahead
Drenth, J. P. H., & Lerch, M. M. (2020) · United European Gastroenterology Journal · doi:10.1177/2050640620973079 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ahonen, I., Kurppa, K., Huhtala, H., Kaukinen, K., Kivelä, L., & Taavela, J. (2026) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.70917 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationKoskimaa, S., Nurminen, S., Salmi, T. T., Huhtala, H., Kaukinen, K., Kurppa, K., & Kivelä, L. (2025) · Digestion · doi:10.1159/000549568 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationKurppa, K., & Agardh, D. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821571-5.00002-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationEditorial: coeliac disease—it's a family affair. Authors' reply
Paavola, S., Kaukinen, K., & Kurppa, K. (2021) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.16584 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationKivelä, L., & Kurppa, K. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000003351
Self-citationExpert dietitians leading the way in coeliac disease: Leaders in nutritional motivation?
Gillett, P. M. (2024) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.17394
Norström, F., Myléus, A., Nordyke, K., Carlsson, A., Högberg, L., Sandström, O., Stenhammar, L., Ivarsson, A., & Lindholm, L. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14431607
Norström, F., Myléus, A., Nordyke, K., Carlsson, A., Högberg, L., Sandström, O., Stenhammar, L., Ivarsson, A., & Lindholm, L. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14431604
Ahonen, I., Kivelä, L., Paavola, A., Laurikka, P., Huhtala, H., Sievänen, H. T., Kaukinen, K., & Kurppa, K. (2026) · Gastro Hep Advances · doi:10.1016/j.gastha.2026.100973
Self-citationKallio, L., Kröger, S., Tauschi, R., Kähkönen, O., Aitokari, L., Kaukinen, K., Kivelä, L., Kurppa, K., & Eurén, A. (2026) · JPGN Reports · doi:10.1002/jpr3.70231
Self-citation
- Authors
- Kivelä, L., Popp, A., Arvola, T., Huhtala, H., Kaukinen, K., & Kurppa, K.
- Affiliations
- Tampere University Hospital (FI)
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy (RO)
- Kanta-Hämeen Keskussairaala (FI)
- Tampere University (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Kurppa, Kalle
- Venue
- United European Gastroenterology Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-08
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1022-1031
- ISSN
- 2050-6406 (ISSN-L)
- 2050-6414
- PMC
- PMC6137595
- OpenAlex
- W2804470574
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 4.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- United European Gastroenterology Journal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University) (acceptedVersion)
- Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Lastentautien Tutkimussäätiö
- Maud Kuistilan Muistosäätiö
- Suomen Lääketieteen Säätiö
- Yrjö Jahnssonin Säätiö
- Mary and Georg C. Ehrnrooth Foundation
- Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Area of Tampere University Hospital
- Foundation for Pediatric Research
- Maire Rossi Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Celiac Disease Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Eosinophilic Esophagitis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Gastrointestinal disorders and treatments
- Keywords
- celiac disease, childhood screening, long-term health effects, quality of life, dietary adherence, anxiety, type 1 diabetes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
