Developing young person's Face IT: Online psychosocial support for adolescents struggling with conditions or injuries affecting their appearance
Open accessAbstract
A participatory action approach with potential users and clinical experts was employed to design and evaluate the acceptability of young person's Face IT (YP Face IT), an online intervention incorporating cognitive behavioural therapy and social skills training for adolescents with appearance-related anxiety as a result of a visible difference. Workshops with adolescents and clinicians informed a prototype YP Face IT which underwent a usability analysis by 28 multidisciplinary health professionals and 18 adolescents, before 10 adolescents completed it at home. Acceptability data obtained online and via interview were analysed using content analysis. Participants found YP Face IT acceptable and believed it would provide much needed and easy access to psychosocial support. They requested that it should be made widely available either as a self-management tool requiring minimal supervision from a health professional or to compliment therapist-led care.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Earlier studies have shown beneficial effects of blended programs.
“Earlier studies have shown beneficial effects of blended programs (Spillekom-van Koulil et al., 2018; Williamson et al., 2015).”
From A Novel Psychological Group Intervention Targeting Appearance-Related Distress Among People With a Visible Disfigurement (Inside Out): A Case Study (2023) · cites this paper as Williamson et al., 2015
The Results (‘Impact of YP Face IT on well-being’; page unavailable) report that adolescents described improved confidence and social skills after using the online programme. The Phase Two discussion says some benefited from supervision, but the paper does not establish beneficial effects of blended programmes as such; it says further trials are needed to evaluate YP Face IT’s effectiveness. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThere is some evidence that CBT combined with elements of social interaction skills training can be effective in improving several aspects of well-being for people with visible disfigurement.
“There is some evidence that these interventions can be effective in improving several aspects of well-being (Bessell et al., 2012; Williamson et al., 2015).”
From A Novel Psychological Group Intervention Targeting Appearance-Related Distress Among People With a Visible Disfigurement (Inside Out): A Case Study (2023) · cites this paper as Williamson et al., 2015
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Three Approaches to Qualitative Content Analysis
Hsieh, H.-F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732305276687 · Cited by 44,601 · see citing works
The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.117.3.497 · Cited by 23,245 · see citing works
The qualitative content analysis process
Elo, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2008) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x · Cited by 22,617 · see citing works
Graneheim, U. H., & Lundman, B. (2004) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2003.10.001 · Cited by 20,772 · see citing works
Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity
(1969) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.45.527.642 · Cited by 14,251 · see citing works
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
(2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.5505/kpd · Cited by 13,703 · see citing works
Developing and evaluating complex interventions: the new Medical Research Council guidance
Craig, P., Dieppe, P., Macintyre, S., Michie, S., Nazareth, I., & Petticrew, M. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a1655 · Cited by 10,995 · see citing works
Health Promotion by Social Cognitive Means
Bandura, A. (2004) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198104263660 · Cited by 7,238 · see citing works
Risk and maintenance factors for eating pathology: A meta-analytic review.
Stice, E. M. (2002) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.5.825 · Cited by 2,531 · see citing works
The Construction of the Self: A Developmental Perspective
Harter, S., & Leahy, R. L. (2001) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.15.4.383 · Cited by 2,005 · see citing works
The construction of the self: a developmental perspective
(1999) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.37-1226 · Cited by 1,846 · see citing works
Bullying, Depression, and Suicidality in Adolescents
Klomek, A. B., Marrocco, F. A., KLEINMAN, M., Schonfeld, I. S., & Gould, M. S. (2006) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000242237.84925.18 · Cited by 990 · see citing works
The Delivery of Public Health Interventions via the Internet: Actualizing Their Potential
Bennett, G. G., & Glasgow, R. E. (2009) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.031308.100235 · Cited by 800 · see citing works
Health information-seeking behaviour in adolescence: the place of the internet
Gray, N. J., Klein, J. D., Noyce, P. R., Sesselberg, T. S., & Cantrill, J. A. (2005) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.08.010 · Cited by 791 · see citing works
The European Health Psychologist
Todorova, I. L. G., Araújo‐Soares, V., & Sniehotta, F. F. (2005) · European Health Psychologist · Cited by 777 · see citing works
Participatory Action Research as a Process and as a Goal
Greenwood, D. J., Whyte, W. F., & Harkavy, I. (1993) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872679304600203 · Cited by 610 · see citing works
Designing Health Messages: Approaches from Communication Theory and Public Health Practice
Maibach, E. W., & Parrott, R. L. (1995) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781452233451 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Adjusting to disfigurement: processes involved in dealing with being visibly different
Thompson, A., & Kent, G. (2001) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(00)00056-8 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Lay perspectives: advantages for health research
Entwistle, V. A., Renfrew, M. J., Yearley, S., Forrester, J. M., & Lamont, T. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7129.463 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Management of Chronic Pediatric Diseases with Interactive Health Games: Theory and Research Findings
Lieberman, D. A. (2001) · Journal of Ambulatory Care Management · doi:10.1097/00004479-200101000-00004 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
The Social Psychology of Facial Appearance
Bull, R. H. C., & Rumsey, N. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3782-2 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Richardson, T., Stallard, P., & Velleman, S. (2010) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-010-0069-9 · Cited by 272 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A review of computer-aided cognitive behavioural therapy (cCBT) for anxiety and depression suggests booster sessions can maintain and yield improved treatment effects among adolescents (Richardson et al., 2010).”
BackgroundSeeking Help From the Internet During Adolescence
GOULD, M. S., MUNFAKH, J. L. H., LUBELL, K., KLEINMAN, M., & PARKER, S. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200210000-00007 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Human-Computer Interaction: Psychological Aspects of the Human Use of Computing
Olson, G. M., & Olson, J. S. (2002) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145044 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Nastasi, B. K., Varjas, K. M., Schensul, S. L., Silva, K. T., Schensul, J. J., & Ratnayake, P. (2000) · School Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1037/h0088785 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Think Good - Feel Good: A Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Workbook for Children and Young People
Stallard, P. N. (2002) · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Body image as a mediator of non‐suicidal self‐injury in adolescents
Muehlenkamp, J. J., & Brausch, A. M. (2011) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.06.010 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Visible difference amongst children and adolescents: Issues and interventions
Rumsey, N., & Harcourt, D. M. (2007) · Developmental Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.1080/13638490701217396 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Power, T. J., Blom‐Hoffman, J., Clarke, A. T., Riley‐Tillman, T. C., Kelleher, C., & Manz, P. H. (2005) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.20087 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Oxford Handbook of the Psychology of Appearance
Frith, H. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199580521.001.0001 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
The Information Architecture of Behavior Change Websites
Danaher, B. G., McKay, H. G., & Seeley, J. R. (2005) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.7.2.e12 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Kent, G. (2000) · Psychology, Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/713690187 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Masnari, O., Landolt, M. A., Rössler, J. K., Weingaertner, S. K., Neuhaus, K., Meuli, M., & Schiestl, C. M. (2012) · Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2012.06.004 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Bessell, A., & Moss, T. (2007) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.04.005 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Love, B., Crook, B., Thompson, C. M., Zaitchik, S., Knapp, J., LeFebvre, L., Jones, B., Donovan-Kicken, E., Eargle, E., & Rechis, R. (2012) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0138 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Internet-delivered interventions aimed at adolescents: a Delphi study on dissemination and exposure
Crutzen, R., de Nooijer, J., Brouwer, W., Oenema, A., Brug, J., & de Vries, N. K. (2008) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cym094 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Bessell, A., Brough, V., Clarke, A., Harcourt, D., Moss, T. P., & Rumsey, N. (2012) · Psychology, Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2011.647701 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Patients With Burn Injuries
Yu, B. H., & Dimsdale, J. E. (1999) · Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00004630-199909000-00017 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Jenkinson, E., Williamson, H., Byron-Daniel, J., & Moss, T. (2015) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsv048 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Griffiths, C., Williamson, H., & Rumsey, N. (2012) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105311433909 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
A systematic review of self-help for disfigurement: Effectiveness, usability, and acceptability
Muftin, Z., & Thompson, A. R. (2013) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.07.005 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Are we overlooking some usability testing methods? A comparison of lab, beta, and forum tests
Smilowitz, E. D., DARNELL, M. J., & Benson, A. E. (1994) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/01449299408914597 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Bessell, A., Clarke, A. M., Harcourt, D. M., Moss, T., & Rumsey, N. (2010) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465810000305 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The psychology of appearance: why health psychologists should “do looks”
Rumsey, N. (2008) · UWE Research Repository (UWE Bristol) · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Developing Performance Support for Computer Systems
Williams, J. R. (2004) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780203228531 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Ricciardelli, L. A., & Mellor, D. J. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199580521.013.0021 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Disfigurement--neglected in primary care?
Charlton, R. C., Rumsey, N., Partridge, J., Barlow, J. H., & Saul, K. (2003) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Clabby, J. F. (2006) · The Primary Care Companion For CNS Disorders · doi:10.4088/pcc.v08n0302 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The Psychology of Appearance: the Future
Rumsey, N., & Harcourt, D. M. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199580521.013.0051 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 50 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Moulding N (2007) Online counselling: With particular focus on young people and support. Counselling, Psychotherapy, and Health 3(1): 25– 32.
- National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) (2005) Final appraisal determination: Computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for depression and anxiety (review). Available at: www.nice-org.uk (accessed 12 June 2013).
- Stallard P (2007) Child focused CBT: A spectrum of interventions. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy with children and families; current practice, innovations, future developments. Paper presented at the association of child and adolescent mental health and the British association of behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy conference, Oxford, March.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Moore, G., Wilding, H., Gray, K., & Castle, D. (2019) · Journal of Participatory Medicine · doi:10.2196/11474 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Cognitive-behavioral roots of body image therapy and prevention
Lewis‐Smith, H., Diedrichs, P. C., & Halliwell, E. (2019) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.08.009 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Rumsey, N. (2018) · International Journal of Women’s Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.ijwd.2017.09.005 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-management, self-care, and self-help in adolescents with emotional problems: a scoping review
Town, R., Hayes, D., March, A., Fonagy, P., & Stapley, E. (2023) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-022-02134-z · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Zucchelli, F., Donnelly, O., Williamson, H., & Hooper, N. (2018) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.32.3.171 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“2005. 06. 006 Hooper, N., & Larsson, A. (2015). The research journey of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT).”
BackgroundWilliamson, H., Hamlet, C., White, P., Marques, E. M. R., Paling, T., Cadogan, J., Perera, R., Rumsey, N., Hayward, L., & Harcourt, D. M. (2019) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/14776 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Sherman, K. A., Roper, T., & Kilby, C. J. (2019) · Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/21642850.2019.1587298 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Johns, A. L., Luquetti, D. V., Brajcich, M. R., Heike, C., & Stock, N. (2018) · The Journal of craniofacial surgery (Print) · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000004867 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Stock, N., & Ridley, M. (2018) · The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal · doi:10.1177/1055665617734991 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Psychological Impact of Living with Scars Following Burn Injury
Loey, N. E. E. V. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44766-3_48 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Stock, N., Zucchelli, F., Hudson, N., Kiff, J., & Hammond, V. (2019) · The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal · doi:10.1177/1055665619868331 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Zelihić, D., van Dalen, M., Kling, J., Pripp, A. H., Nordgreen, T., Kvalem, I. L., Pasmans, S. G. M. A., Mathijssen, I. M. J., Koudstaal, M. J., Hillegers, M. H. J., et al. (2022) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.01.008 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Keys, J., Dempster, M., Jackson, J., Williams, M., & Coyle, S. (2021) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103383 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Williamson, H., Hamlet, C., White, P., Marques, E. M. R., Cadogan, J., Perera, R., Rumsey, N., Hayward, L., & Harcourt, D. M. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012423 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Newton, A. S., March, S., Gehring, N. D., Rowe, A., & Radomski, A. D. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/25012 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Exploring the Experiences of Adults With Microtia: A Qualitative Study
Hamlet, C., & Harcourt, D. M. (2020) · The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal · doi:10.1177/1055665620931611 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Prosthetic eye care – The current state of the art
Rokohl, A. C., Pine, K. R., Pine, N. S., Gordon, E., Yeoman, J. P., Remmers, J. S., Hartong, D. T., & Heindl, L. M. (2025) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2025.101337 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Kling, J., Nordgreen, T., Kvalem, I. L., Williamson, H., & Feragen, K. B. (2021) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100869 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Riobueno-Naylor, A., Williamson, H., Canenguez, K., Kogosov, A., Drexler, A., Sadeq, F., Depamphilis, M. A., Holcomb, J. M., Stoddard, F. J., Lydon, M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Burn Care & Research · doi:10.1093/jbcr/iraa108 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Crowther, D., McCulloch, H., Wong, H. W. L., Mackay, R., Johnson, C., Chorney, J. M. L., Ritchie, K., Lawrence, L. M., Bishop, A., Helwig, M., et al. (2022) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.13572 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Guest, E., Jarman, H. K., Sharratt, N. D., Williamson, H., White, P., Harcourt, D. M., & Slater, A. (2020) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.09.010 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Hamlet, C., Williamson, H., & Harcourt, D. M. (2017) · Primary Health Care Research & Development · doi:10.1017/s1463423617000536 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
van Dalen, M., Pasmans, S. G. M. A., Aendekerk, E. W. C., Mathijssen, I. M. J., Koudstaal, M. J., Williamson, H., Hillegers, M. H. J., Utens, E. M. W. J., & Okkerse, J. M. E. (2022) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.03.003 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Gee, C., Maskell, J., Newcombe, P., Kimble, R., & Williamson, H. (2019) · Body image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.07.004 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Court, R. J., Swallow, V. M., Yousfi, S. E., Gray‐Burrows, K. A., Sotir, F., Wheeler, G., Kellar, I., Lee, J. M., Mitchell, R., Mlynarczyk, W., et al. (2024) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2023-326044 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
van Dalen, M., Pasmans, S. G. M. A., Aendekerk, M.-L., Mathijssen, I. M. J., Koudstaal, M. J., Timman, R., Williamson, H., Hillegers, M. H. J., Utens, E. M. W. J., & Okkerse, J. M. E. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041449 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Siemann, I., Custers, J., van den Heuvel-Djulic, S., Pouwels, S., Kwakkenbos, L., & Spillekom-van Koulil, S. (2023) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2022.03.005 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Guest, E., Williamson, H., & Harcourt, D. (2023) · Body image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101656 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Gee, C., Williamson, H., Maskell, J., Kimble, R. M., & Newcombe, P. A. (2018) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1111/jpc.13942 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kling, J., Zelihić, D., Williamson, H., & Feragen, K. B. (2022) · Body image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.07.012 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Millgård, M., Feragen, K. B., Miller, J. U., Arfa, S., Williamson, H., & Kling, J. (2022) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076221147110 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Psychosocial and Quality of Life Issues
Umbaugh, H. M., & Crerand, C. E. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-84663-2_36 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Hotton, M., Shepherd, L., & Stock, N. (2025) · The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal · doi:10.1177/10556656251315659 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kling, J., Asphaug, L., & Feragen, K. B. (2022) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12885 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Visible Difference (Disfigurement) ☆
Rumsey, N., & Hamlet, C. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.05167-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A Review of Psychosocial Risks and Management for Children with Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Crerand, C. E., Kapa, H. M., & Litteral, J. L. (2017) · Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups · doi:10.1044/persp2.sig5.23 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zelihić, D., Feragen, K. B., Pripp, A. H., Nordgreen, T., Williamson, H., & Kling, J. (2021) · doi:10.2196/preprints.35583 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Williamson, H., Griffiths, C., & Harcourt, D.
- Affiliations
- University of the West of England (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Williamson, Heidi
- Venue
- Health Psychology Open
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2015-07-01
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 2055102915619092-2055102915619092
- ISSN
- 2055-1029 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5193303
- OpenAlex
- W2263146263
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 4.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Health Psychology Open (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UWE Research Repository (UWE Bristol) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- British Skin Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Keywords
- adolescents, visible difference, cognitive behavioral therapy, social skills training, self-management, acceptability, usability, participatory design, body image
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
