Seeking Help From the Internet During Adolescence
Abstract
Objective To assess the prevalence and demographic and psychological correlates of Internet use as a help-seeking resource for emotional problems in a community sample of adolescents.Method A self-report survey was completed by 9th-through 12th-grade students ( = 519) enrolled in health courses in six New York State high schools in the fall/winter of 1999. The relationship between Internet help-seeking behavior and demographic characteristics, hopelessness, functional impairment, and use of various treatment services was examined.Results Nearly one fifth (18.2%) of the adolescents sought help on the Internet for emotional problems in the previous year. The proportions of males and females seeking help on the Internet did not significantly differ (15.6% and 20.8%, respectively). Internet help-seekers were significantly more likely than non-help-seekers to score above the clinical threshold on the Columbia Impairment Scale (34% versus 20.6%; chi(2)(1) = 7.4, <.01) or Beck Depression Inventory (16.1% versus 9.1%; chi(2)(1) = 3.8, <.05). These at-risk youths tended to combine Internet help-seeking with other sources of help, rather than substituting it for other resources. More than 20% of Internet help-seekers were dissatisfied with the help they received, and only 14% thought it had helped them very much.Conclusions For the Internet to realize its potential as an effective resource for teenagers struggling with emotional problems, further development is needed.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Many students prefer to manage mental health issues alone due to concerns about confidentiality, feeling the problem is too personal, and fear that no person or service could help.
“Research has shown that many students prefer to manage mental health issues alone, due to concerns on confidentiality, a feeling that the problem is too personal, and the fear that no person or service could help”
From Meta-analytic review of online guided self-help interventions for depressive symptoms among college students (2021) · cites this paper as Gould et al., 2002
The majority of studies reported a self-selected sample, not representative and possibly biased.
“a self-selected sample, not representative and possibly biased [56,60,63,68,73,77-79]”
From Do online mental health services improve help-seeking for young people? A systematic review (2014) · cites this paper as [73]
Young people suggested that these services allowed personal stories to be shared with others [55,73-76].
“allowed personal stories to be shared with others [55,73-76]”
From Do online mental health services improve help-seeking for young people? A systematic review (2014) · cites this paper as [73]
Young men seek online help less often than females [68,71,73].
“young men seeking online help less often than females [68,71,73]”
From Do online mental health services improve help-seeking for young people? A systematic review (2014) · cites this paper as [73]
Some young people prefer face-to-face services [73,74].
“some young people’s preference for face-to-face services [73,74]”
From Do online mental health services improve help-seeking for young people? A systematic review (2014) · cites this paper as [73]
Cites
The measurement of pessimism: the hopelessness scale
Beck, A. T., Weissman, A., Lester, D., & Trexler, L. (1974) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0037562 · Cited by 5,494 · see citing works
Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being?
Kraut, R. E., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V. A., Kiesler, S. B., Mukophadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. L. (1998) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.53.9.1017 · Cited by 4,830 · see citing works
Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being?
Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukophadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.53.9.1017 · Cited by 4,793 · see citing works
Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General
United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General (1999) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e636982009-001 · Cited by 3,105 · see citing works
The client satisfaction questionnaire
Attkisson, C. C., & Zwick, R. (1982) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/0149-7189(82)90074-x · Cited by 1,743 · see citing works
Children's Mental Health Service Use Across Service Sectors
Burns, B. J., Costello, E. J., Angold, A. C., Tweed, D. L., Stangl, D. K., Farmer, E. M. Z., & Erkanli, A. (1995) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.14.3.147 · Cited by 1,145 · see citing works
Mental health: A report of the surgeon general
Marrelli, T. M. (2000) · Home Care Provider · doi:10.1067/mhc.2000.108190 · Cited by 1,025 · see citing works
Depressed Adolescents Grown Up
Weissman, M. M. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.281.18.1707 · Cited by 950 · see citing works
Cultural and contextual influences in mental health help seeking: a focus on ethnic minority youth
Cauce, A. M., Domenech-Rodríguez, M., Paradise, M., Cochran, B. N., Shea, J. M., Srebnik, D., & Baydar, N. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.70.1.44 · Cited by 766 · see citing works
Mental Health Service Use in the Community and Schools: Results from the Four-Community MECA Study
Leaf, P. J., Alegria, M. M., Cohen, P. R., Goodman, S. H., Horwitz, S. M., Hoven, C. W., Narrow, W. E., Vaden-Kiernan, M., & Regier, D. A. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199607000-00014 · Cited by 608 · see citing works
Social-psychological factors affecting help-seeking for emotional problems
Rickwood, D. J., & Braithwaite, V. A. (1994) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)90099-x · Cited by 583 · see citing works
Asarnow, J. R., Carlson, G. A., & Guthrie, D. (1987) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.55.3.361 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Kandel, D. B. (1997) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(96)01315-4 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Adolescent help-seeking: what do they get help for and from whom?
Boldero, J., & Fallon, B. J. (1995) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1006/jado.1995.1013 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
The relationship of Internet use to depression and social isolation among adolescents.
Sanders, C., Field, T. M., Diego, M., & Kaplan, M. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Adolescent Cybersurfing for Health Information
Borzekowski, D. L. G., & Rickert, V. I. (2001) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.155.7.813 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Bird, H., Shaffer, D., Fisher, P. W., & Gould, M. S. (1993) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Self-citationGould, M. S., & KRAMER, R. A. (2001) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.31.1.5.6.24219 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Self-citationAsarnow, J. R., Carlson, G. A., & Guthrie, D. (1987) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.55.3.361 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Continuity and Change of Psychopathology From Childhood Into Adulthood: A 14-Year Follow-up Study
HOFSTRA, M. B., VAN der ENDE, J., & VERHULST, F. C. (2000) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200007000-00013 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Differences in Young Adolescents' Coping Strategies Based On Gender and Ethnicity
Copeland, E. P., & Hess, R. S. (1995) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431695015002002 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
The analysis of an electronic support group for individuals with eating disorders
Winzelberg, A. J. (1997) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0747-5632(97)00016-2 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Social Selection in Seeking Help for Psychological Problems
Greenley, J. R., & Mechanic, D. (1976) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136546 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Media and youth: access, exposure, and privatization
Roberts, D. F. (2000) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(00)00128-2 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Lahey, B. B., Flagg, E. W., BIRD, H. R., Schwab‐Stone, M., CANINO, G. J., Dulcan, M. K., Leaf, P. J., Davies, M., BROGAN, D. R., Bourdon, K. H., et al. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199607000-00011 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Developmental pathways in depression: Multiple meanings, antecedents, and endpoints
Harrington, R., Rutter, M. L., & Fombonne, E. J. (1996) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457940000732x · Cited by 226 · see citing works
To Whom Do Adolescents Turn for Help? Differences between Disturbed and Nondisturbed Adolescents
Offer, D., Howard, K. I., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., & Ostrov, E. (1991) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199107000-00015 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Demographic Differences in Adolescents' Health Concerns and Perceptions of Helping Agents
Dubow, E. F., Lovko, K. R., & Kausch, D. F. (1990) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp1901_6 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Psychological correlates of help-seeking attitudes among children and adolescents.
Garland, A. F., & Zigler, E. (1994) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/h0079573 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Handbook of clinical research and practice with adolescents
Vandereycken, W. (1993) · Kind en adolescent · doi:10.1007/bf03060531 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Increased rates of psychosocial disorders in youth
Fombonne, E. J. (1998) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s004060050013 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Spirito, A., Williams, C. A., Stark, L. J., & Hart, K. J. (1988) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf00914174 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
First Unaffected Pregnancy Using Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis for Sickle Cell Anemia
Xu, K. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.281.18.1701 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Handbook of clinical research and practice with adolescents
Tolan, P. H., & Cohler, B. J. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Suicide Awareness Programs in the Schools: Effects of Gender and Personal Experience
Overholser, J. C., Hemstreet, A., Spirito, A., & Vyse, S. (1989) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198911000-00018 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Cohen, G. E., & KERR, B. A. (1999) · Journal of Technology in Human Services · doi:10.1300/j407v15n04_02 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
The Internet and Mental Health Literacy
Christensen, H. M., & Griffiths, K. M. (2000) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/000486700272 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Evaluation of a Suicide Awareness Curriculum for High School Students
Spirito, A., Overholser, J. C., ASHWORTH, S., Morgan, J. P., & BENEDICT-DREW, C. (1988) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198811000-00007 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
An exploratory study of people's reasons for delaying or avoiding helpseeking
Amato, P. R., & Bradshaw, R. (1985) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00050068508257557 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
THE INTERRATER RELIABILITY OF THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SYNDROME SCALE (PANSS)
Bentsen, H., Munkvold, O. G., Notland, T. H., Boye, B., Bjørge, H., Lersbryggen, A. B., Oskarsson, K. H., Berg-Larsen, R., & Malt, U. F. (1996) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/(sici)1234-988x(199612)6:4 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationArguments for and against Teaching Suicide Prevention in Schools
Hazell, P., & King, R. (1996) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/00048679609062659 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Sex Differences in the Use of Psychiatric Outpatient Facilities
Kessler, R. C., Reuter, J. A., & Greenley, J. R. (1979) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/58.2.557 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Carr, A. C., & Ancill, R. J. (1983) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb00333.x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Ponton, L. E. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203779125-22 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Consultation of mental health professionals by French adolescents with probable psychiatric problems
Gasquet, I., Ledoux, S., Chavance, M., & Choquet, M. (1999) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb07210.x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Suicide on the Internet: a focus for nursing intervention?
Baume, P., Rolfe, A., & Clinton, M. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Wilson, G. D., & Lester, D. (1998) · Crisis Intervention and Time-Limited Treatment · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Counseling Center Help Screens: Students' Use and Evaluation of an Internet-Based Program.
Zalaquett, C. P., & Sullivan, J. R. (1998) · Journal of college student development · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Bremer, J. (2000) · Academic Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ap.24.3.168 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-diagnosis and attitude change through the ‘information super highway’
Ayonrinde, O., & Michaelson, S. (1998) · Psychiatric Bulletin · doi:10.1192/pb.22.9.581 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Health information-seeking behaviour in adolescence: the place of the internet
Gray, N. J., Klein, J. D., Noyce, P. R., Sesselberg, T. S., & Cantrill, J. A. (2005) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.08.010 · Cited by 791 · see citing works
Internet use and stigmatized illness
Berger, M., Wagner, T. H., & Baker, L. C. (2005) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.03.025 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
Help seeking behavior and the Internet: A national survey
Ybarra, M. L., & Suman, M. (2006) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2005.07.029 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
A systematic review of online youth mental health promotion and prevention interventions
Clarke, A. M., Kuosmanen, T., & Barry, M. M. (2015) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0165-0 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Do online mental health services improve help-seeking for young people? A systematic review
Kauer, S. D., Mangan, C., & Sanci, L. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.3103 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Young students' use of the Internet for mental health information and support
HORGAN, Á., & SWEENEY, J. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2009.01497.x · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Volberg, R. A., Gupta, R., Griffiths, M. D., Ólason, D. Þ., & Delfabbro, P. (2010) · International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health · doi:10.1515/ijamh.2010.22.1.3 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
The internet as a setting for mental health service utilisation by young people
Burns, J. M., Davenport, T. A., Durkin, L. A., Luscombe, G. M., & Hickie, I. B. (2010) · Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03688.x · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Internet-Based Mental Health Interventions
Ybarra, M. L., & Eaton, W. W. (2005) · Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s11020-005-3779-8 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Ellis, L. A., Collin, P., Hurley, P. J., Davenport, T. A., Burns, J. M., & Hickie, I. B. (2013) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-13-119 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Adolescent sexuality and the internet: the good, the bad, and the URL
Kanuga, M. J., & Rosenfeld, W. D. (2004) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2004.01.015 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Potential of social media in promoting mental health in adolescents
O’Reilly, M., Dogra, N., Hughes, J., Reilly, P., George, R., & Whiteman, N. (2019) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/day056 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Restrepo, A., Scheininger, T., Clucas, J., Alexander, L., Salum, G. A., Georgiades, K., Paksarian, D., Merikangas, K. R., & Milham, M. P. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02640-x · Cited by 168 · see citing works
(2004) · PubMed · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Screening of depression in adolescents through the Internet
Cuijpers, P. J., Boluijt, P., & van Straten, A. (2007) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-007-0631-2 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Computer-based interventions for college drinking: A qualitative review
Elliott, J. C., Carey, K. B., & Bolles, J. R. (2008) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.03.006 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Adolescents’ views on preventing self-harm
Fortune, S. A., Sinclair, J., & Hawton, K. E. (2007) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-007-0273-1 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Webb, M., Burns, J., & Collin, P. (2008) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7893.2008.00066.x · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Van Voorhees, B. W. (2005) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.273 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Service Use by At-Risk Youths After School-Based Suicide Screening
Gould, M. S., Marrocco, F. A., Hoagwood, K., Kleinman, M., Amakawa, L., & Altschuler, E. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e3181bef6d5 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationRuppel, E. K., & Rains, S. A. (2012) · Communication Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637751.2012.697627 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
The quality of mental disorder information websites: A review
Reavley, N. J., & Jorm, A. F. (2010) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2010.10.015 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Personal Investigator: A therapeutic 3D game for adolecscent psychotherapy
Coyle, D., Matthews, M., Sharry, J., Nisbet, A., & Doherty, G. (2005) · Interactive Technology and Smart Education · doi:10.1108/17415650580000034 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Enhancing early engagement with mental health services by young people
Burns, J. M., & Birrell, E. (2014) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s49151 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Online access by adolescents in Accra: Ghanaian teens' use of the internet for health information.
Borzekowski, D. L. G., Fobil, J. N., & Asante, K. O. (2006) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.3.450 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Perle, J. G., Langsam, L. C., Randel, A. B., Lutchman, S., Levine, A. B., Odland, A. P., Nierenberg, B. P., & Marker, C. D. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.21912 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Caught in the Web: A Review of Web-Based Suicide Prevention
Lai, M. H., Maniam, T., Chan, L. F., & Ravindran, A. V. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2973 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Burns, J. M., Durkin, L. A., & Nicholas, J. (2009) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.12.006 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Examining Suicide-Risk Individuals Who Go Online for Suicide-Related Purposes
Harris, K. M., McLean, J. P., & Sheffield, J. K. (2009) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811110903044419 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Children’s experiences with chat support and telephone support
Fukkink, R. G., & Hermanns, J. M. A. (2009) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02024.x · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Shandley, K., Austin, D., Klein, B., & Kyrios, M. (2010) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyq002 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
The Internet and Children: Advantages and Disadvantages
Bremer, J. (2005) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2005.02.003 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Help-seeking behaviors and mental well-being of first year undergraduate university students
Goodwin, J., Behan, L., Kelly, P., McCarthy, K., & Horgan, A. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.09.015 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Klimes‐Dougan, B., Klingbeil, D. A., & Meller, S. J. (2012) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000178 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
The Science of Public Messages for Suicide Prevention: A Workshop Summary
Chambers, D., Pearson, J. L., Lubell, K. M., Brandon, S. E., O'Brien, K., & Zinn, J. (2005) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.35.2.134.62871 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationHelp-seeking behaviour and the Internet: An investigation among Australian adolescents
Nicholas, J., Oliver, K., Lee, K., & O’Brien, M. (2004) · Australian e-Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health · doi:10.5172/jamh.3.1.16 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Sansom-Daly, U. M., Wakefield, C. E., Bryant, R. A., Butow, P., Sawyer, S., Patterson, P., Anazodo, A., Thompson, K., & Cohn, R. J. (2012) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/1471-2407-12-339 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Online Health Promotion, Early Identification of Difficulties, and Help Seeking in Young People
SANTOR, D. A., POULIN, C., LeBLANC, J. C., & KUSUMAKAR, V. (2007) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000242247.45915.ee · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Adolescent's preferred modes of delivery for mental health services
Bradford, S., & Rickwood, D. (2014) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/camh.12002 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Controversy clarified: an updated review of clinical psychology and tele-health
Perle, J. G., Langsam, L. C., & Nierenberg, B. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.08.003 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Lewis, S. P., Mahdy, J. C., Michal, N. J., & Arbuthnott, A. E. (2014) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.187 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Nwagwu, W. E. (2007) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-354 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Using a vignette-based questionnaire to explore adolescents’ understanding of mental health issues
Leighton, S. (2010) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104509340234 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Sutcliffe, P., Martin, S., Sturt, J., Powell, J., Griffiths, F., Adams, A., & Dale, J. (2011) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/1472-6823-11-1 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Lal, S., Nguyen, V., & Theriault, J. (2018) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12317 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Rodham, K., Gavin, J., & Miles, M. (2007) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.2007.37.4.422 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Gross, E. F. (2009) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016541 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Gould, M. S., Chowdhury, S. J., Lake, A. M., Galfalvy, H., Kleinman, M., Kuchuk, M., & McKeon, R. (2021) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12795 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationEmotional First Aid for a Suicide Crisis: Comparison between Telephonic Hotline and Internet
Gilat, I., & Shahar, G. (2007) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1521/psyc.2007.70.1.12 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Labouliere, C., Kleinman, M., & Gould, M. (2015) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph120403741 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationReachOut.com: The role of an online service for promoting help-seeking in young people
Collin, P. J., Metcalf, A. T., Stephens-Reicher, J. C., Blanchard, M. E., Herrman, H. E., Rahilly, K., & Burns, J. M. (2011) · Advances in Mental Health · doi:10.5172/jamh.2011.10.1.39 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Christensen, H. M., Reynolds, J., & Griffiths, K. M. (2011) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7893.2010.00242.x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Adolescents' use of the Internet: a controversial, coming-of-age resource.
Borzekowski, D. L. G. (2006) · PubMed · doi:10.1016/j.admecli.2005.10.006 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Use of the internet as a source of health information by Spanish adolescents
Jiménez-Pernett, J., de Labry-Lima, A. O., Bermúdez‐Tamayo, C., García-Gutiérrez, J. F., & Salcedo-Sánchez, M. D. C. (2010) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/1472-6947-10-6 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Risk-taking as a Learning Process for Shaping Teen's Online Information Privacy Behaviors
Jia, H., Wisniewski, P. J., Xu, H., Rosson, M. B., & Carroll, J. M. (2015) · Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing · doi:10.1145/2675133.2675287 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
David, D., Costescu, C. A., Cardoș, R. A.-I., & Mogoaşe, C. (2020) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-020-09566-1 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Sansom‐Daly, U. M., Wakefield, C. E., Ellis, S. J., McGill, B. C., Donoghoe, M. W., Butow, P. N., Bryant, R. A., Sawyer, S. M., Patterson, P., Anazodo, A. C., et al. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13102460 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries (2020) · PubMed · doi:10.17615/m4tg-fa10 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Sexual Health Information Seeking Online Among Runaway and Homeless Youth
Barman‐Adhikari, A., & Rice, E. R. W. (2011) · Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research · doi:10.5243/jsswr.2011.5 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Ellis, L. A., Campbell, A., Sethi, S., & O’Dea, B. (2011) · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Neumark, Y. D., Lopez‐Quintero, C., Feldman, B., Allen, A. J. H., & Shtarkshall, R. A. (2013) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2013.778360 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Reavley, N. J., Cvetkovski, S., & Jorm, A. F. (2010) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-010-0301-4 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Outcomes of a Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Training Program Among School Personnel
Lamis, D. A., Underwood, M., & D’Amore, N. (2016) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000414 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Seitz, D. C. M., Knaevelsrud, C., Duran, G., Waadt, S., Loos, S., & Goldbeck, L. (2014) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-014-2193-4 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Peer Counseling in an Online Chat Service: A Content Analysis of Social Support
Fukkink, R. G. (2010) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2010.0163 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Townsend, L. D., Musci, R. J., Stuart, E. A., Heley, K. M., Beaudry, M. B., Schweizer, B. W., Ruble, A. E., Swartz, K., & Wilcox, H. C. (2019) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.10.298 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Kruzan, K. P., Meyerhoff, J., Nguyen, T., Reddy, M. C., Mohr, D. C., & Kornfield, R. (2022) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3491102.3501976 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Teenagers' attitudes about seeking help from telephone crisis services (hotlines).
Gould, M., Greenberg, T., Munfakh, J., Kleinman, M., & Lubell, K. M. (2006) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour · doi:10.1521/suli.2006.36.6.601 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationDuggan, J. M., Heath, N. L., Lewis, S. P., & Baxter, A. L. (2011) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-011-9065-6 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Telecommunication and Suicide Prevention: Hopes and Challenges for the New Century
Krysińska, K., & de Leo, D. (2007) · Omega · doi:10.2190/om.55.3.e · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Nguyen, M., Meirmanov, S. K., Vuong, T., & Ho, T. M. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11071865 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
How to Cope With Digital Stress
Weinstein, E., Selman, R. L., Thomas, S., Kim, J., White, A. E., & Dinakar, K. (2015) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/0743558415587326 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Duvenage, M., Correia, H., Uink, B. N., Barber, B. L., Donovan, C. L., & Modecki, K. L. (2019) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.024 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Jackson, L. A. (2008) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195342956.003.0014 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Halpern, C. T., Mitchell, E. M. H., Farhat, T., & Bardsley, P. (2008) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.05.001 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Burns, J. M., Webb, M. J., Durkin, L. A., & Hickie, I. B. (2010) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03689.x · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Health-care-seeking behaviour among university students in Lebanon
El Kahi, H. A., Abi Rizk, G. Y., Hlais, S. A., & Adib, S. M. (2012) · Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal · doi:10.26719/2012.18.6.598 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Younès, N., Chollet, A., Ménard, E., & Melchior, M. (2015) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.4254 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Bradley, K. L., Robinson, L. M., & Brannen, C. L. (2012) · International Journal of Mental Health Promotion · doi:10.1080/14623730.2012.665337 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Wong, K. T. C., Chan, C. S., Chan, M. Y. H., Wong, C. L. H., Cheng, Q., Xiong, C., & Yip, P. S. F. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.056 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Suicide Prevention by Online Support Groups: An Action Theory-Based Model of Emotional First Aid
Gilat, I., & Shahar, G. (2009) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811110802572148 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Warning Signs for Suicide on the Internet: A Descriptive Study
Mandrusiak, M., Rudd, M. D., Joiner, T. E., Berman, A. L., Orden, K. A. V., & Witte, T. K. (2006) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.2006.36.3.263 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Voorhees, B. W. V., Ellis, J., Gollan, J. K., Bell, C. C., Stuart, S. P., Fogel, J., Corrigan, P. W., & Ford, D. E. (2007) · The Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/pcc.v09n0503 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Owens, S., Arora, N., Quinn, N., Peeling, R. W. W., Holmes, K. K., & Gaydos, C. A. (2009) · Sexually Transmitted Infections · doi:10.1136/sti.2009.037226 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Mediating Tragedy: Facebook, Aboriginal Peoples and Suicide
Carlson, B. L., Farrelly, T., Frazer, R., & Borthwick, F. (2015) · AJIS. Australasian journal of information systems/AJIS. Australian journal of information systems/Australian journal of information systems · doi:10.3127/ajis.v19i0.1174 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Online Information Searches and Help Seeking for Mental Health Problems in Urban China
Chen, J., & Zhu, S. (2015) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-015-0657-6 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Mitchell, K. J., & Ybarra, M. L. (2009) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2008.534 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Gladstone, T. R. G., Marko-Holguin, M., Rothberg, P. C., Nidetz, J., Diehl, A., DeFrino, D. T., Harris, M., Ching, E., Eder, M., Canel, J., et al. (2015) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0705-2 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Scott, R. A., Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J., Gardner, A. A., Hawes, T., Modecki, K. L., Duffy, A. L., Farrell, L. J., & Waters, A. M. (2023) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.12259 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Messina, E. S., & Iwasaki, Y. (2010) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2010.0025 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Ellis, L. A., McCabe, K. L., Rahilly, K. A., Nicholas, M. A., Davenport, T. A., Burns, J. M., & Hickie, I. B. (2014) · Clinical Investigation · doi:10.4155/cli.14.61 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Developing an interactive website for adolescents with a mentally ill family member
Drost, L. M., Cuijpers, P. J., & Schippers, G. M. (2010) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104510366281 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Poly-Victimization and Peer Harassment Involvement in a Technological World
Mitchell, K., Segura, A., Jones, L. M., & Turner, H. (2018) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260517744846 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Williamson, H., Griffiths, C., & Harcourt, D. (2015) · Health Psychology Open · doi:10.1177/2055102915619092 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The utility of Twitter as a tool for increasing reach of research on sexual violence
Wekerle, C., Vakili, N., Stewart, S. H., & Black, T. L. (2018) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.04.019 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Awareness, attitudes, and use of crisis hotlines among youth at-risk for suicide.
Budinger, M. C., Cwik, M., & Riddle, M. (2015) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour · doi:10.1111/sltb.12112 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Leveraging the Web and Social Media to Promote Access to Care Among Suicidal Individuals
Notredame, C.-É., Grandgenèvre, P., Pauwels, N., Morgiève, M., Wathelet, M., Vaïva, G., & Séguin, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01338 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Hwang, J. M., Cheong, P. H., & Feeley, T. H. (2009) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444809341699 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Hoek, W., Schuurmans, J., Koot, H. M., & Cuijpers, P. J. (2009) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-10-93 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Ma, L., Huang, C., Tao, R., Cui, Z., & Schluter, P. (2021) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2021.100427 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Research has shown that many students prefer to manage mental health issues alone, due to concerns on confidentiality, a feeling that the problem is too personal, and the fear that no person or service could help (Ebert et al., 2019; Gould et al., 2002).”
Background
- Authors
- GOULD, M. S., MUNFAKH, J. L. H., LUBELL, K., KLEINMAN, M., & PARKER, S.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- GOULD, MADELYN S.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-10
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1182-1189
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2074146972
- Cited by
- 250
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 13.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Literacy and Information Accessibility
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- adolescents, emotional problems, depression, helplessness, functional disability, online mental health resources, help-seeking
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health Services, New York, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, Multivariate Analysis, Internet
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
