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Oxidative damage and major depression: the potential antioxidant action of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors
Open accessAbstract
There is evidence of derangement of oxidant and antioxidant defense systems in depression. The present study examined the effects of fluoxetine and citalopram, standard selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, on lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and ascorbic acid concentrations. For this, a prospective open-labeled, randomized design was utilized. Patients with major depression (n = 62) were compared with age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (n = 40). There was a significant increase in serum SOD, serum MDA and decrease in plasma ascorbic acid levels in patients of major depression as compared to control subjects. The trend reversed significantly after treatment with fluoxetine and citalopram. Results indicate a greater reduction in oxidative stress with citalopram than fluoxetine. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) score also improved with fluoxetine and citalopram treatment. These findings indicate that major depression is associated with increased levels of serum SOD, serum MDA and decreased levels of plasma ascorbic acid. Treatment with fluoxetine and citalopram reversed these biochemical parameters. This study can be used as a predictor of drug response by fluoxetine and citalopram in major depression.
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“Khanzode and colleagues reported that SSRIs reduced serum levels of malondialdehyde and increased plasma ascorbic acid levels, which correlated with improvements on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (107).”
From Chronic stress, neuroinflammation, and depression: an overview of pathophysiological mechanisms and emerging anti-inflammatories (2023) · cites this paper as [107]
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“or a significant increase in most of the studies [123, 124, 128, 129].”
From Oxidative Stress Implications in the Affective Disorders: Main Biomarkers, Animal Models Relevance, Genetic Perspectives, and Antioxidant Approaches (2016) · cites this paper as [128]
In the citing paper
“In another study, plasmatic vitC levels were reduced in patients with MDD compared with age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (n = 40).”
From Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Antioxidant Effects of Antidepressant Agents: Implications for the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Oxidative stress markers (SOD, vitC, lipid peroxidation) were reversed after 4 weeks of treatment with fluoxetine (20 mg/day, n = 32) and citalopram (20 mg/day, n = 30).”
From Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Antioxidant Effects of Antidepressant Agents: Implications for the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Notably, these antioxidant effects were persistent after 12 weeks of treatment [27].”
From Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Antioxidant Effects of Antidepressant Agents: Implications for the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Increased serum SOD and MDA levels have been found in a cohort of 62 major depressive patients (age 43.8 ± 12.9, mean ± SD; 34/28, female/male ratio) [27].”
From Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Antioxidant Effects of Antidepressant Agents: Implications for the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [27]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Khanzode, S. D., Dakhale, G. N., Khanzode, S. S., Saoji, A., & Palasodkar, R.
- Affiliations
- Government Medical College (IN)
- ORCID
- Dakhale, Ganesh N.
- Venue
- Redox Report
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2003-12
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 365-370
- ISSN
- 1351-0002 (ISSN-L)
- 1743-2928
- OpenAlex
- W2090999800
- Cited by
- 458
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 3.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Redox Report (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, oxidative stress, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, fluoxetine, citalopram, lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, vitamin C, antioxidant defense, antidepressant response prediction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Antioxidants, Ascorbic Acid, Depression, Female, Fluoxetine, Humans, Male, Malondialdehyde, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Superoxide Dismutase, Time Factors, Lipid Peroxidation, Citalopram, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Oxidative Stress
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