The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Oxidative damage and major depression: the potential antioxidant action of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors
Open accessAbstract
There is evidence of derangement of oxidant and antioxidant defense systems in depression. The present study examined the effects of fluoxetine and citalopram, standard selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, on lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and ascorbic acid concentrations. For this, a prospective open-labeled, randomized design was utilized. Patients with major depression (n = 62) were compared with age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (n = 40). There was a significant increase in serum SOD, serum MDA and decrease in plasma ascorbic acid levels in patients of major depression as compared to control subjects. The trend reversed significantly after treatment with fluoxetine and citalopram. Results indicate a greater reduction in oxidative stress with citalopram than fluoxetine. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) score also improved with fluoxetine and citalopram treatment. These findings indicate that major depression is associated with increased levels of serum SOD, serum MDA and decreased levels of plasma ascorbic acid. Treatment with fluoxetine and citalopram reversed these biochemical parameters. This study can be used as a predictor of drug response by fluoxetine and citalopram in major depression.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Khanzode and colleagues reported that SSRIs reduced serum levels of malondialdehyde and increased plasma ascorbic acid levels, which correlated with improvements on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (107).”
From Chronic stress, neuroinflammation, and depression: an overview of pathophysiological mechanisms and emerging anti-inflammatories (2023) · cites this paper as [107]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“or a significant increase in most of the studies [123, 124, 128, 129].”
From Oxidative Stress Implications in the Affective Disorders: Main Biomarkers, Animal Models Relevance, Genetic Perspectives, and Antioxidant Approaches (2016) · cites this paper as [128]
In the citing paper
“In another study, plasmatic vitC levels were reduced in patients with MDD compared with age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (n = 40).”
From Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Antioxidant Effects of Antidepressant Agents: Implications for the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Oxidative stress markers (SOD, vitC, lipid peroxidation) were reversed after 4 weeks of treatment with fluoxetine (20 mg/day, n = 32) and citalopram (20 mg/day, n = 30).”
From Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Antioxidant Effects of Antidepressant Agents: Implications for the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Notably, these antioxidant effects were persistent after 12 weeks of treatment [27].”
From Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Antioxidant Effects of Antidepressant Agents: Implications for the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Increased serum SOD and MDA levels have been found in a cohort of 62 major depressive patients (age 43.8 ± 12.9, mean ± SD; 34/28, female/male ratio) [27].”
From Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Antioxidant Effects of Antidepressant Agents: Implications for the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [27]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817
Oxygen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transition metals and disease
Halliwell, B., & Gutteridge, J. M. C. (1984) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj2190001 · Cited by 5,330
Superoxide radical and superoxide dismutases
Fridovich, I. (1995) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.64.070195.000525 · Cited by 3,455
Serum lipid peroxide in cerebrovascular disorders determined by a new colorimetric method
Kei, S. (1978) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0009-8981(78)90081-5 · Cited by 1,730
Serum lipid peroxide in cerebrovascular disorders determined by a new colorimetric method
佐藤, 敬. (1979) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,520
Superoxide Radical: An Endogenous Toxicant
Fridovich, I. (1983) · The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev.pa.23.040183.001323 · Cited by 1,168
Bilici, M., Efe, H., Köroğlu, M. A., Uydu, H. A., Bekaroğlu, M., & Değer, O. (2001) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00199-3 · Cited by 718
Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and depression: when cholesterol does not satisfy
Hibbeln, J. R., & Salem, N. (1995) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/62.1.1 · Cited by 525
Maes, M. H. J., Christophe, A. B., Delanghe, J., Altamura, C. A., Neels, H. M., & Meltzer, H. Y. (1999) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(99)00014-1 · Cited by 452
Ambrosone, C. B., Freudenheim, J. L., Thompson, P. A., Bowman, E. D., Vena, J. E., Marshall, J. R., Graham, S., Laughlin, R., Nemoto, T., & Shields, P. G. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 400
Research works printed but not linked: 12
- Ravikumar A, 2000, Indian J Exp Biol, 38, 438
- Bilici M, 2001, J Affect Disord, 88, 69
- Cohen G, 1984, Neurotoxicology, 5, 77
- Stocks J, 1974, Clin Sci Mol Med, 47, 215
- Baldessarini RJ. Drugs and the treatment of psychiatric disorders: depression and mania. In: Molinoff PB, Ruddon RW. (eds) Goodman and Gilman 's - The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 10th edn. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000; 447-480.
- Nischal HK, 1998, J Assoc Physicians India, 46, 853
- Shigennobu UMS, 1987, Clin Chem, 31, 2230
- Ambrosone CB, 1999, Cancer Res, 59, 602
- Sen CK, 1995, Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 39, 177
- Sen CK, 1994, Physiological antioxidants, 89
- Li XM, 2000, J Psychiatr Neurosci, 25, 43
- Bezchlibnyk K, 2000, J Psychiatr Neurosci, 25, 241
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cipriani, A., Furukawa, T. A., Salanti, G., Geddes, J. R., Higgins, J. P., Churchill, R., Watanabe, N., Nakagawa, A., Omori, I. M., McGuire, H., et al. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60046-5 · Cited by 1,654
Maes, M., Galecki, P., Chang, Y. S., & Berk, M. (2011) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.05.004 · Cited by 1,140
Oxidative stress in psychiatric disorders: evidence base and therapeutic implications
Ng, F., Berk, M., Dean, O., & Bush, A. I. (2008) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145707008401 · Cited by 1,069
BDNF and 5-HT: a dynamic duo in age-related neuronal plasticity and neurodegenerative disorders
Mattson, M. P., Maudsley, S., & Martin, B. (2004) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2004.08.001 · Cited by 942
Role of oxidative stress in depression
Bhatt, S., Nagappa, A. N., & Patil, C. R. (2020) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2020.05.001 · Cited by 854
Metadata
- Authors
- Khanzode, S. D., Dakhale, G. N., Khanzode, S. S., Saoji, A., & Palasodkar, R.
- Affiliations
- Government Medical College (IN)
- ORCID
- Dakhale, Ganesh N.
- Venue
- Redox Report
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2003-12
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 365-370
- ISSN
- 1351-0002 (ISSN-L)
- 1743-2928
- OpenAlex
- W2090999800
- Cited by
- 458
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 3.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Redox Report (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, oxidative stress, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, fluoxetine, citalopram, lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, vitamin C, antioxidant defense, antidepressant response prediction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Antioxidants, Ascorbic Acid, Depression, Female, Fluoxetine, Humans, Male, Malondialdehyde, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Superoxide Dismutase, Time Factors, Lipid Peroxidation, Citalopram, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Oxidative Stress
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
