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Rho-mediated regulation of tight junctions during monocyte migration across the blood-brain barrier in HIV-1 encephalitis (HIVE)
Open accessAbstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is compromised during progressive HIV-1 infection, but how this occurs is incompletely understood. We studied the integrity of tight junctions (TJs) of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) in an in vitro BBB system and in human brain tissues with HIV-1 encephalitis (HIVE). A downregulation of TJ proteins, claudin-5 and occludin, paralleled monocyte migration into the brain during HIVE. Because small G proteins (such as Rho) can play a role in BMVEC TJ assembly, an artificial BBB system explored the relationship among TJs, Rho/Rho kinase (RhoK) activation, and transendothelial monocyte migration. Coculture of monocytes with endothelial cells led to Rho activation and phosphorylation of TJ proteins. Rho and RhoK inhibitors blocked migration of infected and uninfected monocytes. The RhoK inhibitor protected BBB integrity and reversed occludin/claudin-5 phosphorylation associated with monocyte migration. BMVEC transfection with a constitutively active mutant of RhoK led to dislocation of occludin from the membrane and loss of BMVEC cell contacts. When dominant-negative RhoK-transfected BMVECs were used in BBB constructs, monocyte migration was reduced by 84%. Thus, loss of TJ integrity was associated with Rho activation caused by monocyte brain migration, suggesting that Rho/RhoK activation in BMVECs could be an underlying cause of BBB impairment during HIVE.
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“Post mortem brain tissue studies in HAD or HIV encephalitis report microvascular degeneration and BBB breakdown including reduced pericyte coverage (439), reduced and disrupted TJs (471, 664), capillary basement membrane changes (471), perivascular macrophage infiltration (471), and reduced brain endothelial ABCB1 (P-gp) expression (346).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [471]
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Persidsky, Y., Heilman, D., Haorah, J., Zelivyanskaya, M., Persidsky, R., Weber, G. A., Shimokawa, H., Kaibuchi, K., & Ikezu, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Nebraska Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Blood
- Publisher
- American Society of Hematology
- Published
- 2006-06-15
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 4770-4780
- ISSN
- 0006-4971 (ISSN-L)
- 1528-0020
- PMC
- PMC1895810
- OpenAlex
- W2094716188
- Cited by
- 200
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 10.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Blood (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Arizona
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R37AA015913, R01AA015913)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH072539, R01MH065151, R01-MH65151)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P01NS043985)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
- Keywords
- HIV-1 encephalitis, blood-brain barrier, tight junctions, Rho kinase, Rho activation, monocyte migration, brain microvascular endothelial cells, claudin-5, occludin, blood-brain barrier integrity
- MeSH terms
- Blood-Brain Barrier, Cell Movement, Cells, Cultured, Enzyme Activation, Humans, Membrane Proteins, Monocytes, Mutation, Transfection, HIV-1, Down-Regulation, HIV Infections, Encephalitis, Viral, Tight Junctions, Protein Transport, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 1, Claudin-5, Occludin
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