International ERS/ESICM/ESCMID/ALAT guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia: Guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)/ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) of the European Respiratory Society (ERS), European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) and Asociación Latinoamericana del Tórax (ALAT)
Abstract
The most recent European guidelines and task force reports on hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) were published almost 10 years ago. Since then, further randomised clinical trials of HAP and VAP have been conducted and new information has become available. Studies of epidemiology, diagnosis, empiric treatment, response to treatment, new antibiotics or new forms of antibiotic administration and disease prevention have changed old paradigms. In addition, important differences between approaches in Europe and the USA have become apparent.The European Respiratory Society launched a project to develop new international guidelines for HAP and VAP. Other European societies, including the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, were invited to participate and appointed their representatives. The Latin American Thoracic Association was also invited.A total of 15 experts and two methodologists made up the panel. Three experts from the USA were also invited (Michael S. Niederman, Marin Kollef and Richard Wunderink).Applying the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology, the panel selected seven PICO (population-intervention-comparison-outcome) questions that generated a series of recommendations for HAP/VAP diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
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Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) frequently occurs in patients requiring mechanical ventilation, leading to high mortality, with an incidence from 5% to 67% depending on the population studied and the diagnostic criteria used.
“Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) frequently occurs in patients requiring mechanical ventilation, leading to high mortality, with an incidence from 5% to 67% depending on the population studied and the diagnostic criteria used (Barbier et al., 2013; Torres et al., 2017).”
From Oral Microbiome and SARS-CoV-2: Beware of Lung Co-infection (2020) · cites this paper as Torres et al., 2017
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Oral Microbiome and SARS-CoV-2: Beware of Lung Co-infection
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Rapid Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in BAL
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Self-citationVentilator-associated pneumonia: the central role of transcolonization.
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Cao, H., Wei, J., Hua, P., & Yang, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1513732 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Torres, A., Niederman, M. S., Chastre, J., Ewig, S., Fernandez-Vandellos, P., Hanberger, H., Kollef, M., Li Bassi, G., Luna, C. M., Martin-Loeches, I., Paiva, J. A., Read, R. C., Rigau, D., Timsit, J. F., Welte, T., & Wunderink, R.
- Affiliations
- Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
- Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (FR)
- Consorci Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (ES)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (AR)
- Universidade do Porto (PT)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (GB)
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (DE)
- Northwestern University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Respiratory Journal
- Publisher
- European Respiratory Society (ERS)
- Published
- 2017-09
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1700582
- ISSN
- 0903-1936 (ISSN-L)
- 1399-3003
- OpenAlex
- W2752537900
- Cited by
- 1,387
- References
- 137
- Citations by year
- 2026: 152 · 2025: 177 · 2024: 212 · 2023: 186 · 2022: 189 · 2021: 172 · 2020: 120 · 2019: 103 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 75.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Respiratory Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Bern
- European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
- European Society of Intensive Care Medicine
- Medical Research Council (MR/N026993/1, MR/N013204/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Nosocomial Infections in ICU
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Keywords
- nosocomial pneumonia, ventilator-associated pneumonia, empirical antibiotic therapy, pneumonia diagnosis, pneumonia prevention, intensive care, GRADE methodology, PICO questions, international consensus
- MeSH terms
- Critical Care, Europe, Humans, Societies, Medical, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Disease Management, Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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