Cited by 109Neuroendocrine regulation and behaviorDevelopmental Biology and Gene RegulationNeuropeptides and Animal Physiology

Characterization of the neurohypophysial hormone gene loci in elephant shark and the Japanese lamprey: origin of the vertebrate neurohypophysial hormone genes

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Gwee, Pai-Chung, Tay, Boon-Hui, Brenner, Sydney, Venkatesh, Byrappa·2009·BMC Evolutionary Biology

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Vasopressin and oxytocin are mammalian neurohypophysial hormones with distinct functions. Vasopressin is involved mainly in osmoregulation and oxytocin is involved primarily in parturition and lactation. Jawed vertebrates contain at least one homolog each of vasopressin and oxytocin, whereas only a vasopressin-family hormone, vasotocin, has been identified in jawless vertebrates. The genes encoding vasopressin and oxytocin are closely linked tail-to-tail in eutherian mammals whereas their homologs in chicken, Xenopus and coelacanth (vasotocin and mesotocin) are linked tail-to-head. In contrast, their pufferfish homologs, vasotocin and isotocin, are located on the same strand of DNA with isotocin located upstream of vasotocin and separated by five genes. These differences in the arrangement of the two genes in different bony vertebrate lineages raise questions about their origin and ancestral arrangement. To trace the origin of these genes, we have sequenced BAC clones from the neurohypophysial gene loci in a cartilaginous fish, the elephant shark (Callorhinchus milii), and in a jawless vertebrate, the Japanese lamprey (Lethenteron japonicum). We have also analyzed the neurohypophysial hormone gene locus in an invertebrate chordate, the amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae). RESULTS: The elephant shark neurohypophysial hormone genes encode vasotocin and oxytocin, and are linked tail-to-head like their homologs in coelacanth and non-eutherian tetrapods. Besides the hypothalamus, the two genes are also expressed in the ovary. In addition, the vasotocin gene is expressed in the kidney, rectal gland and intestine. These expression profiles indicate a paracrine role for the two hormones. The lamprey locus contains a single neurohypophysial hormone gene, the vasotocin. The synteny of genes in the lamprey locus is conserved in elephant shark, coelacanth and tetrapods but disrupted in teleost fishes. The amphioxus locus encodes a single neurohypophysial hormone, designated as [Ile4]vasotocin. CONCLUSION: The vasopressin- and oxytocin-family of neurohypophysial hormones evolved in a common ancestor of jawed vertebrates through tandem duplication of the ancestral vasotocin gene. The duplicated genes were linked tail-to-head like their homologs in elephant shark, coelacanth and non-eutherian tetrapods. In contrast to the conserved linkage of the neurohypophysial genes in these vertebrates, the neurohypophysial hormone gene locus has experienced extensive rearrangements in the teleost lineage.

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  1. Bell JD Fisheries and reproductive biology of the elephant fish (Callorhinchus milii) in southern Australia Honours Thesis 2003 Warnnambool, Victoria, Australia Deakin University

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Authors
Gwee, P.-C., Tay, B.-H., Brenner, S., & Venkatesh, B.
Affiliations
Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
Corresponding author
Venkatesh, Byrappa
Venue
BMC Evolutionary Biology
Published
2009-02-26
Volume
9
Issue
1
Pages
47-47
ISSN
1471-2148 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2166928111
Cited by
109
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
FWCI
10.84
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • BMC Evolutionary Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • National University of Singapore (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Agency for Science, Technology and Research
  • National University of Singapore
  • Biomedical Research Council
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Keywords
neurohypophyseal hormones, arginine vasotocin, oxytocin, vasopressin, elephant shark, Callorhinchus milii, Lethenteron japonicum, amphioxus, Branchiostoma floridae, synteny, gene duplication
MeSH terms
Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, Lampreys, Molecular Sequence Data, Oxytocin, Pituitary Hormones, Posterior, Sharks, Vasotocin, Sequence Alignment, Conserved Sequence, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Evolution, Molecular, Gene Duplication, Gene Expression Profiling, Synteny, Chordata

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