A novel form of oxytocin in New World monkeys
Open accessAbstract
Oxytocin is widely believed to be present and structurally identical in all placental mammals. Here, we report that multiple species of New World monkeys possess a novel form of oxytocin, [P8] oxytocin. This mutation arises from a substitution of a leucine to a proline in amino acid position 8. Further analysis of this mutation in Saimiri sciureus (squirrel monkey) indicates that [P8] oxytocin is transcribed and translated properly. This mutation is specific to oxytocin, as the peptide sequence for arginine vasopressin, a structurally related nonapeptide, is unaltered. These findings dispel the notion that all placental mammals possess a ‘universal’ oxytocin sequence, and highlight the need for research on the functional significance of this novel nonapeptide in New World monkeys.
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Receptor binding characteristics differ widely across species.
“Species differences in receptor binding characteristics vary widely, especially in light of recent discoveries in New World monkeys, which show genetic variations in both the OT and AVP peptide and receptor genes across species (105-110).”
From Comparative Perspectives on Oxytocin and Vasopressin Receptor Research in Rodents and Primates: Translational Implications (2016) · cites this paper as [108]
New World monkeys have genetic variation in OT and AVP peptide and receptor genes across species.
“Species differences in receptor binding characteristics vary widely, especially in light of recent discoveries in New World monkeys, which show genetic variations in both the OT and AVP peptide and receptor genes across species (105-110).”
From Comparative Perspectives on Oxytocin and Vasopressin Receptor Research in Rodents and Primates: Translational Implications (2016) · cites this paper as [108]
Recent discoveries have identified surprising variability in OT and peptide structure in New World monkeys (NWM), with five new OT variants identified to date.
“recent discoveries have identified surprising variability in OT and peptide structure in New World monkeys (NWM), with five new OT variants identified to date”
From Neuropeptide diversity and the regulation of social behavior in New World primates (2016) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2011
This substitution leads to an amino acid change from leucine to proline at position 8 of the oxytocin molecule, yielding a unique variant (Pro8-OT) among eutherian mammals.
“This single NS leads to an amino acid substitution in position 8 of the oxytocin molecule from leucine to proline, thus yielding a unique variant of OT (Pro8-OT) among eutherian mammals.”
From Neuropeptide diversity and the regulation of social behavior in New World primates (2016) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2011
Lee et al. (2011) found a single in-frame nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution in the OXT codon for the 8th amino acid (CCG to CTG) in four of five New World monkey species (Saimiri, Aotus, Cebus, and Callithrix; Callicebus maintained the consensus mammalian nucleotides).
“These analyses revealed an unexpected single in-frame nonsyonymous nucleotide substitution (NS) in the OXT codon for the 8th amino acid (CCG → CTG) in four of the five species (all from the family Cebidae: Saimiri, Aotus, Cebus, and Callithrix; Callicebus maintained the consensus mammalian nucleotides).”
From Neuropeptide diversity and the regulation of social behavior in New World primates (2016) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2011
This residue may exhibit intraspecific polymorphism because one S. sciureus receptor sequence shows Phe115 and one shows Tyr115.
“This residue may also exhibit intraspecific polymorphism because one of the receptor sequences available for S. sciureus shows Phe115, and one shows Tyr115 (Lee et al., 2011; Ren et al., 2015; Vargas-Pinilla et al., 2015).”
From Neuropeptide diversity and the regulation of social behavior in New World primates (2016) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2011
New World monkeys (NWMs), including callitrichids, possess notably remarkable interspecific OXT and OXT receptor (OXTR) diversity relative to other mammals.
“Second, New World monkeys (NWMs), including callitrichids, possess notably remarkable interspecific OXT and OXT receptor (OXTR) diversity relative to other mammals (Babb, Fernandez-Duque, & Schurr, 2015; Lee et al., 2011; Ren et al., 2015; Vargas-Pinilla et al., 2015; Wallis, 2012)”
From Inequity aversion strategies between marmosets are influenced by partner familiarity and sex but not by oxytocin (2016) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2011
Due to a proline substitution at the 8th amino-acid position, the marmoset variant of OXT (Pro8-OXT) is distinctly different than the consensus mammalian variant of OXT (Leu8-OXT).
“Due to a proline substitution at the 8th amino-acid position, the marmoset variant of OXT (Pro8-OXT) is distinctly different than the consensus mammalian variant of OXT (Leu8-OXT), and results in a substantially altered structure in the “linear” portion of the molecule that likely affects OXT ligand-OXTR binding, and subsequently behavior.”
From Marmosets treated with oxytocin are more socially attractive to their long-term mate (2015) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2011
The proline substitution results in a substantially altered structure in the "linear" portion of the molecule that likely affects OXT ligand-OXTR binding, and subsequently behavior.
“Due to a proline substitution at the 8th amino-acid position, the marmoset variant of OXT (Pro8-OXT) is distinctly different than the consensus mammalian variant of OXT (Leu8-OXT), and results in a substantially altered structure in the “linear” portion of the molecule that likely affects OXT ligand-OXTR binding, and subsequently behavior.”
From Marmosets treated with oxytocin are more socially attractive to their long-term mate (2015) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2011
Two distinct variants of OT have been identified in some New World primates, including marmosets.
“However, two distinct variants of OT have been identified in some New World primates (including marmosets; Lee et al., 2011).”
From Oxytocin facilitates fidelity in well-established marmoset pairs by reducing sociosexual behavior toward opposite-sex strangers (2014) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2011
The marmoset variant of the OT ligand (Pro8-OT) is structurally distinct from the consensus mammalian variant (Leu8-OT) due to a proline substitution at the 8th amino-acid position.
“The marmoset variant of the OT ligand (Pro8-OT) is structurally distinct from than the consensus mammalian variant of the OT ligand (Leu8-OT), due to a proline substitution at the 8th amino-acid position.”
From Oxytocin facilitates fidelity in well-established marmoset pairs by reducing sociosexual behavior toward opposite-sex strangers (2014) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2011
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- Authors
- Lee, A. G., Cool, D. R., Grunwald, W. C., Neal, D. E., Buckmaster, C. L., Cheng, M. Y., Hyde, S. A., Lyons, D. M., & Parker, K. J.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Wright State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Alex G.
- Venue
- Biology Letters
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2011-03-16
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 584-587
- ISSN
- 1744-9561 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-957X
- PMC
- PMC3130245
- OpenAlex
- W2142642753
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 8.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biology Letters (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Journal of Bioresource Management (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-47573, MH77884, R01MH077884, R01MH047573)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Keywords
- oxytocin, New World monkeys, Saimiri sciureus, squirrel monkey, vasopressin, nonapeptide, placental mammals
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Arginine Vasopressin, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Oxytocin, Platyrrhini
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