Cited by 373Meta-analysis and systematic reviewsStatistical Methods in Epidemiologyscientometrics and bibliometrics research

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Assessment of regression-based methods to adjust for publication bias through a comprehensive simulation study

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Moreno, Santiago G, Sutton, Alex J, Ades, AE, Stanley, Tom D, Abrams, Keith R, Peters, Jaime L, Cooper, Nicola J·2009·BMC Medical Research Methodology

DOI 10.1186/1471-2288-9-2PMC PMC2649158

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: In meta-analysis, the presence of funnel plot asymmetry is attributed to publication or other small-study effects, which causes larger effects to be observed in the smaller studies. This issue potentially mean inappropriate conclusions are drawn from a meta-analysis. If meta-analysis is to be used to inform decision-making, a reliable way to adjust pooled estimates for potential funnel plot asymmetry is required. METHODS: A comprehensive simulation study is presented to assess the performance of different adjustment methods including the novel application of several regression-based methods (which are commonly applied to detect publication bias rather than adjust for it) and the popular Trim & Fill algorithm. Meta-analyses with binary outcomes, analysed on the log odds ratio scale, were simulated by considering scenarios with and without i) publication bias and; ii) heterogeneity. Publication bias was induced through two underlying mechanisms assuming the probability of publication depends on i) the study effect size; or ii) the p-value. RESULTS: The performance of all methods tended to worsen as unexplained heterogeneity increased and the number of studies in the meta-analysis decreased. Applying the methods conditional on an initial test for the presence of funnel plot asymmetry generally provided poorer performance than the unconditional use of the adjustment method. Several of the regression based methods consistently outperformed the Trim & Fill estimators. CONCLUSION: Regression-based adjustments for publication bias and other small study effects are easy to conduct and outperformed more established methods over a wide range of simulation scenarios.

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Peters JL, Sutton AJ, Jones DR, Abrams KR: Performance of Tests and Adjustments for Publication Bias in the Presence of Heterogeneity. Technical report 05-01. 2005, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester
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Authors: Moreno, S. G., Sutton, A. J., Ades, A., Stanley, T. D., Abrams, K. R., Peters, J. L., & Cooper, N. J.
Affiliations: University of Leicester (GB)
Hendrix College (US)
Corresponding author: Moreno, Santiago G
ORCID: Moreno, Santiago G
Sutton, Alex J
Stanley, Tom D
Abrams, Keith R
Peters, Jaime L
Cooper, Nicola J
Venue: BMC Medical Research Methodology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2009-01-12
Volume: 9
Issue: 1
Pages: 2-2
ISSN: 1471-2288 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-9-2
PMC: PMC2649158
OpenAlex: W1970128129
Cited by: 373
References: 44
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 24.04
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 (tdm)
Locations: BMC Medical Research Methodology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Own your potential (DEAKIN) (submittedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › scientometrics and bibliometrics research
Keywords: publication bias, small-study effects, trim and fill, funnel plot asymmetry, meta-analysis, heterogeneity, binary outcomes, odds ratio, simulation study
MeSH terms: Computer Simulation, Humans, Regression Analysis, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Odds Ratio, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Publication Bias

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Assessment of regression-based methods to adjust for publication bias through a comprehensive simulation study

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