Cited by 147Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMental Health Treatment and AccessPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

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Is the beck anxiety inventory a good tool to assess the severity of anxiety? A primary care study in The Netherlands study of depression and anxiety (NESDA)

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Muntingh, Anna DT, van der Feltz-Cornelis, Christina M, van Marwijk, Harm WJ, Spinhoven, Philip, Penninx, Brenda WJH, van Balkom, Anton JLM·2011·BMC Family Practice

DOI 10.1186/1471-2296-12-66PMC PMC3224107

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Appropriate management of anxiety disorders in primary care requires clinical assessment and monitoring of the severity of the anxiety. This study focuses on the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) as a severity indicator for anxiety in primary care patients with different anxiety disorders (social phobia, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, agoraphobia or generalized anxiety disorder), depressive disorders or no disorder (controls). METHODS: Participants were 1601 primary care patients participating in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). Regression analyses were used to compare the mean BAI scores of the different diagnostic groups and to correct for age and gender. RESULTS: Patients with any anxiety disorder had a significantly higher mean score than the controls. A significantly higher score was found for patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia compared to patients with agoraphobia only or social phobia only. BAI scores in patients with an anxiety disorder with a co-morbid anxiety disorder and in patients with an anxiety disorder with a co-morbid depressive disorder were significantly higher than BAI scores in patients with an anxiety disorder alone or patients with a depressive disorder alone. Depressed and anxious patients did not differ significantly in their mean scores. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the BAI may be used as a severity indicator of anxiety in primary care patients with different anxiety disorders. However, because the instrument seems to reflect the severity of depression as well, it is not a suitable instrument to discriminate between anxiety and depression in a primary care population.

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Nadort, E., Schouten, R. W., Boeschoten, R. E., Smets, Y. F. C., Shaw, P. C., Vleming, L. J., Dekker, M. J. E., Westerman, M., Hoogeveen, E. K., Bos, W. J. W., et al. (2022) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.01.008 · Cited by 19
The Effect of Health Literacy on Preoperative Anxiety Levels in Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery
Demırel, A., Balkaya, A. N., Onur, T., Karaca, Ü., & Onur, A. (2023) · Patient Preference and Adherence · doi:10.2147/ppa.s419866 · Cited by 19
“The BAI is considered the gold standard for measuring anxiety because it assesses short, simple, and general anxiety.(31) Furthermore, BAI, which has an advantage in distinguishing anxiety that often overlaps with depression, includes patients’ feelings within the last week before surgery and their current feelings; i…”
Background
Self-Report Scales for Common Mental Disorders
Sunderland, M., Batterham, P. J., Calear, A. L., & Carragher, N. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235433.019 · Cited by 22
Harm avoidance and depression, anxiety, insomnia, and migraine in fifth-year medical students in Taiwan
Chen, C.-Y., Yu, N., Huang, T.-H., Wang, W.-S., & Fang, J. (2018) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s163021 · Cited by 19
“that indicates severity of anxiety in primary care patients with varying anxiety disorders and also detects levels of depression.(14) The Chinese version of the BAI includes 21 statements rated on a scale from 0 to 3.”
Construct Validity and Reliability of the Adult Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire: A Comparison of Three Factor Models
Innamorati, M., Balsamo, M., Fairfield, B., Fabbricatore, M., Tamburello, A., & Saggino, A. (2014) · Depression Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2014/972424 · Cited by 21
“Past research has reported good psychometric properties for the original [30–35] and the Italian version of the BAI as well [36, 37].”
Method
Evaluation of a practice team-supported exposure training for patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in primary care - study protocol of a cluster randomised controlled superiority trial
Gensichen, J. S., Hiller, T. S., Breitbart, J., Teismann, T., Brettschneider, C., Schumacher, U., Piwtorak, A., König, H., Hoyer, H., Schneider, N., et al. (2014) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-15-112 · Cited by 17
“Good to excellent psychometric properties as well as sensitivity to treatment-related changes have been shown in primary care populations [60,61].”
Background
Collaborative care for panic disorder, generalised anxiety disorder and social phobia in general practice: study protocol for three cluster-randomised, superiority trials
Curth, N. K., Brinck-Claussen, U. Ø., Davidsen, A. S., Lau, M. E., Lundsteen, M., Mikkelsen, J. H., Csillag, C., Hjorthøj, C. R., Nordentoft, M., & Eplov, L. F. (2017) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-017-2120-3 · Cited by 17
Semantic Measures: Using Natural Language Processing to Measure, Differentiate and Describe Psychological ConstructsPreprint
Kjell, O., Kjell, K., Garcia, D., & Sikström, S. (2018) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/er6t7 · Cited by 17
Assessing the measurement invariance of the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory questionnaires across people living with HIV/AIDS and healthy people
Bagheri, Z., Noorshargh, P., Shahsavar, Z., & Jafari, P. (2021) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-021-00546-1 · Cited by 15
“The total score is the sum of all the items and ranges from 0 to 63, with a higher score showing greater anxiety [38].”
Background
Metabolic syndrome in hypertensive women in the age of menopause: a case study on data from general practice electronic health records
Šabanović, Š., Majnarić, L. T., Babič, F., Vadovský, M., Paralič, J., Včev, A., & Holzinger, A. (2018) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-018-0601-2 · Cited by 15
“It is possible that inadequately determined frequencies of the diagnoses of sleep disorders, anxiety/depression and cognitive disorders, for which the ICD-10 coding system shows insufficient, especially when older population is considered, might have influenced their wrong selection into the LR model [79].”
Background
Association between anxiety and obesity: A study of a young.adult Nigerian population
Ejike, C. E. C. C. (2013) · Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice · doi:10.4103/0976-3147.116429 · Cited by 15
“The recruitment of undergraduates who are unarguably literate, coupled with the brevity, simplicity and ability of BAI to measure general anxiety, and its extensive use in that regard,[29] however, attenuate this problem.”
Background
An examination of generalized anxiety disorder and dysthymic disorder by latent class analysis
Rhebergen, D., van der Steenstraten, I. M., Sunderland, M., de Graaf, R., ten Have, M., Lamers, F., Penninx, B. W. J. H., & Andrews, G. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713002225 · Cited by 15
“Finally, previously the BAI has been disputed for its bias towards measurement of symptoms linked to panic (Cox et al. 1996) and lack of power to discriminate between anxiety and depression (Muntingh et al. 2011), although inconsistent results exist (Beck et al. 1988).”
Result
The efficacy of therapist-supported acceptance and commitment therapy-based bibliotherapy for psychological distress after stroke: a single-case multiple-baseline study
Gladwyn-Khan, M., & Morris, R. (2023) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s135246582200042x · Cited by 13
Revisión crítica sobre los intrumentos para la evaluación psiquiátrica en atención primaria
Tejada, P. A., Jaramillo, L. E., Pedraza, R. S., & Sharma, V. K. (2014) · Revista de la Facultad de Medicina · doi:10.15446/revfacmed.v62n1.43759 · Cited by 12
“En cuanto al abuso de sustancias, stá presente en uno de cada cinco pacientes en contextos médicos generales pero solo al 20% de ellos se les realizan preguntas de tamización para su detección (5).”
BackgroundInfluential
Evaluation of Quality of Life and Emotional Disturbances in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy
Saitakis, G., Roukas, D., Hatziagelaki, E. E., Efstathiou, V., THEODOSSIADIS, P. G., & Rizos, E. N. (2023) · European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education · doi:10.3390/ejihpe13110175 · Cited by 16
It’s raining men: descriptive results for engaging men with eating disorders in a specialized male assessment and treatment track (MATT)
MacNeil, B. A., Hudson, C. C., & Leung, P. (2018) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-018-0586-y · Cited by 12
Validation of Two Screening Tools for Anxiety in Hemodialysis Patients
Nadort, E., van Geenen, N. J. K., Schouten, R. W., Boeschoten, R. E., Shaw, P. C., Vleming, L. J., Schouten, M., Farhat, K., Dekker, F. W., van Oppen, P., et al. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12071077 · Cited by 11
“This variety in cut-off values for the BAI could be attributable to differences in patient characteristics, but could also be due to an overlap between anxiety symptoms and the symptoms of chronic disease and depression [6,15,19].”
Background
Use of Virtual Reality as a Tool to Overcome the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder of Pensioners
Kovar, I. (2019) · International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering and Information Technology · doi:10.18517/ijaseit.9.3.8245 · Cited by 11
A pragmatic patient preference trial of cognitive behavioural versus cognitive analytic guided self-help for anxiety disorders
Kellett, S., Bee, C., Aadahl, V., Headley, E., & Delgadillo, J. (2020) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465820000442 · Cited by 11
“The BAI was selected as the primary outcome measure because of (a) its excellent psychometric properties and (b) as the measure is a good index of anxiety severity in primary care patients across a variety of anxiety disorders (Muntingh et al., 2011).”
Method
Panic Disorder in Primary Care: The Effects of a Team-Based Intervention
Gensichen, J. S., Hiller, T. S., Breitbart, J., Brettschneider, C., Teismann, T., Schumacher, U., Lukaschek, K., Schelle, M., Schneider, N., Sommer, M., et al. (2019) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2019.0159 · Cited by 86
Association of state and trait anxiety with oral health status among adult dental patients.
Veeraboina, N., Doshi, D., Kulkarni, S., Patanapu, S. K., Dantala, S. N., & Srilatha, A. (2020) · Acta bio-medica dell'Ateneo parmense/Acta biomedica · doi:10.23750/abm.v91i3.8986 · Cited by 12
“Apart from State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) (29), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (30), Generalized Anxiety Disorder -7 (GAD -7) (31) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale- Anxiety (32) (HADSA) can be used to measure the anxiety levels.”
Method
Influence of ADHD, especially attention-deficit characteristics, on the course of alcohol-dependent individuals
Yoshimura, A., Matsushita, S., Kimura, M., Yoneda, J., Maesato, H., Yokoyama, A., & Higuchi, S. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04455-4 · Cited by 11
“The total SDS and BAI scores were then compared among the three drinking pattern groups after discharge.”
MethodInfluential
Somatic anxiety in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux
Kang, J. W., Lee, M. K., Lee, Y. C., Ko, S., & Eun, Y. (2023) · Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology · doi:10.1002/lio2.1138 · Cited by 10
“17,18 Although BAI may not be specific for various types of anxiety, the simplicity of BAI makes it convenient to use in primary care.”
BackgroundMethod
The prevalence of depression and anxiety in premenopausal and menopausal women: A cross‐sectional study
Vaziri‐harami, R., Kazemi, S., Vaziri‐harami, S., Hazari, V., Farokh, P., & Valadbeigi, T. (2024) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.2267 · Cited by 9
“23,24 According to our research results, it is imperative to conduct further research into the prevalence of anxiety and depression during the menopausal transition to recognize the predisposing factors for the emergence of such indications among middle ‐ aged women.”
Background
Neuropsychological changes in patients with substance use disorder after completion of a one month intensive outpatient treatment program
McKowen, J. W., Isenberg, B. M., Carrellas, N. W., Zulauf-McCurdy, C. A., Ward, N. E., Fried, R. S., & Wilens, T. E. (2018) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/ajad.12824 · Cited by 9
The relationship between eating disorders and OCD symptom dimensions: An explorative study in a large sample of patients with OCD
Danner, U. N., Sternheim, L. C., van Oppen, P., Hendriks, G., van Balkom, T. J. L. M., & Cath, D. C. (2022) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2022.100759 · Cited by 9
The possibility of using standardized self-report anxiety and depression scales in elderly patients: anxiety scales/questionnaires
Ivanets, N. N., Kinkulkina, M. A., Avdeeva, T. I., & Sysoeva, V. P. (2016) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro20161166131-41 · Cited by 10
Functional training program: the impact on depression, anxiety and sleep quality in adolescents
de Sousa, I., Nunes, R. S. M., Corrêa, H. D. L., & Vieira, E. C. (2020) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-020-00679-7 · Cited by 9
“The BAI scale used in the present work has been widely used in clinical research, mainly as a measure of general anxiety [31] and it has been suggested as a good tool to measure a severity indicator of anxiety in primary care patients with different anxiety disorders [32].”
Method
Anxiety, a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease: what is the best index
Rezaee, M., Darroudi, H., Etemad, L., Shad, A. N., Zardast, Z., Kohansal, H., Ghayour‐Mobarhan, M., Sadeghian, F., Moohebati, M., Esmaily, H., et al. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05798-w · Cited by 8
“It is a 21-ques-tion inquiry that investigates the frequency of the patient’s anxiety symptoms [17].”
Background
Dimensionality of the Beck Anxiety Inventory in a Polytrauma Sample of OEF/OIF/OND Veterans: Findings From Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Palmer, G. A., Happe, M. C., Paxson, J. M., Jurek, B. K. W., & Olson, S. A. (2016) · Military Psychology · doi:10.1037/mil0000117 · Cited by 8
“The BAI has been widely used in clinical and research settings as a self-report screening measure for general anxiety (Muntingh et al., 2011; Piotrowski, 1999).”
Method
Prognostic Factors Associated With Sleep Duration: Serum Pro-Oxidant/Antioxidant Balance and Superoxide Dismutase 1 as Oxidative Stress Markers and Anxiety/Depression
Darroudi, S., Eslamiyeh, M., Al-Fayyadh, K. K. J., Bidary, M. Z., Danesteh, S., Gouji, A. H., Darban, R. A., Esmaily, H., Ghayour‐Mobarhan, M., Moohebati, M., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.3389/ijph.2023.1606014 · Cited by 9
“This questionnaire was mainly used to evaluate anxiety symptoms frequency, but due to previous results, it was utilized to identify the severity of anxiety in this study subjects [39].”
Method
Can Floor Effects Explain Increased Affective Reactivity Among Depressed Individuals Found in Experience Sampling Research?Preprint
von Klipstein, L., Servaas, M. N., Lamers, F., Schoevers, R. A., Wardenaar, K. J., & Riese, H. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/6vtew · Cited by 8
Internet-based treatment for vulvodynia (EMBLA) – Study protocol for a randomised controlled study
Hess Engström, A., Kullinger, M., Jawad, I., Hesselman, S., Buhrman, M., Högberg, U., & Skalkidou, A. (2021) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2021.100396 · Cited by 7
“The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a scale that measures anxiety using a list of 21 anxiety symptoms and has high reliability and good validity (Beck et al., 1988; Muntingh et al., 2011).”
Background
Converging evidence for enduring perceptions of low social status in individuals in remission from depression
Gillard, J. A., Gormley, S., Griffiths, K., Hitchcock, C., Dalgleish, T., & Stretton, J. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.083 · Cited by 11
Dialysis withdrawal and symptoms of anxiety and depression: a prospective cohort study
El-Magd, E. S., Schouten, R. W., Nadort, E., Shaw, P. K. C., Smets, Y. F. C., Vleming, L., Dekker, F. W., Broekman, B. F. P., Honig, A., & Siegert, C. E. H. (2023) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/s12882-023-03267-2 · Cited by 7
Virtual Reality as Support of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Social Anxiety Disorder
Kovar, I. (2018) · International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering and Information Technology · doi:10.18517/ijaseit.8.4.5904 · Cited by 7
“The total score ranges from 0 to 63, with a higher score indicating a great feeling of anxiety [14].”
Background
Anxiety during the long-term course of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Rickelt, J., Viechtbauer, W., Marcelis, M. C., van den Heuvel, O. A., van Oppen, P., Eikelenboom, M., & Schruers, K. R. J. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.078 · Cited by 6
Development and application of an in-house health care program to improve the physical and mental health of working mothers: A pilot study
Shin, D. (2019) · Health Care For Women International · doi:10.1080/07399332.2019.1621868 · Cited by 6
“To measure the degree of depression, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used, while the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (Muntingh et al., 2011) was used to measure the degree of anxiety.”
Method
Five-year trajectories of symptom severity, physical and mental functioning in patients with persistent somatic symptoms: the PROSPECTS cohort study
Barends, H., van der Horst, H. E., van der Wouden, J. C., Dessel, N. C.-V., Dekker, J., & Hoekstra, T. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083276 · Cited by 5
Associations between fetal movement and maternal-fetal attachment in late pregnancy
Ayala, K., Falcioni, L., Eilbott, J., Lamore, J., Voegtline, K., & Rutherford, H. J. V. (2025) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106351 · Cited by 7
Trans-auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation in the Treatment of Recovered Patients Affected by Eating and Feeding Disorders and Their Comorbidities.
Melis, Y., Apicella, E., Macario, M., Dozio, E., Bentivoglio, G., & Mendolicchio, L. (2020) · PubMed · Cited by 5
Understanding Psychiatric Disorders in Idiopathic and Inherited (Monogenic) Forms of Isolated and Combined Dystonia: A Systematic Review
Lane, V., Lane, M., Sturrock, A., & Rickards, H. E. (2021) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20110293 · Cited by 5
Multiple mediation of the association between childhood emotional abuse and adult obesity by anxiety and bulimia – a sample from bariatric surgery candidates and healthy controls
Zhang, H., Liu, Z., Zheng, H., Xu, T., Liu, L., Xu, T., Yuan, T., & Han, X. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18015-w · Cited by 10
“It has good reliability, validity, internal consistency, and convergence [51, 52].”
Background
Validation of clinical symptom IRT scores for diagnosis and severity assessment of common mental disorders
Olariu, E., Castro-Rodríguez, J. I., Álvarez, P., Garnier, C., Reinoso, M., Martín‐Lopez, L. M., Alonso, J., & Forero, C. G. (2014) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-014-0814-5 · Cited by 5
“Clinical guidelines and researchers advise using severity assessment in order to improve detection rates [14, 15].”
Background
Effects of Mindfulness Interventions on Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Xiang, Z., Li, X., & Ma, Y. (2025) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1155/ecc/1656569 · Cited by 4
“Among these studies, 5 reported anxiety as a primary outcome measure: 3 used the HADS scale [37], 1 used the BAI scale [38], and 1 used the BDI-II scale [39].”
Exploring Clusters of Novice Programmers’ Anxiety-Induced Behaviors During Block- and Text-Based Coding: A Predictive and Moderation Analysis of Programming Quality and Error Debugging Skills
Yusuf, A., & Muhammad, A. Y. (2024) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.1177/07356331241270707 · Cited by 6
“Additionally, self-report measures such as the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI, Beck et al., 1988) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A, Hamilton, 1969) have been extensively validated and employed to assess individuals ’ anxious states (Hallit et al., 2020; Muntingh et al., 2011; Oh et al., 2018).”
eMedicalHelp: A customized medical diagnostic application: Is a single questionnaire enough to measure stress?
Ranjbartabar, H., Maddah, A., & Kavakli, M. (2015) · IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science (ICIS) · doi:10.1109/icis.2015.7166621 · Cited by 4
“There is evidence that appropriate management of anxiety disorders in primary care requires clinical assessment and monitoring of the severity of the anxiety.”
Background
The cross-sectional relation between medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) and the Cortisol Awakening Response
Dessel, N. C.-V., van der Wouden, J. C., Dekker, J., Rosmalen, J. G. M., & van der Horst, H. E. (2017) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.06.010 · Cited by 4
“…symptoms and anxiety (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, QIDS-SR (Rush et al., 2003) and Beck Anxiety Inventory, BAI (Beck et al., 1988; Muntingh et al., 2011)), stressful life events (Life Events Questionnaire, LEQ (Garnefski and Kraaij, 2001)) and physical inactivity (International…”
Background
Using the evidence base for social anxiety to understand and treat paranoia: a single case experimental design
Hicks, S. (2019) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x19000126 · Cited by 5
“Research has found the BAI to be a reliable and valid means of assessing the severity of anxiety (Muntingh et al., 2011).”
Psychiatric challenges in patients treated with peritoneal dialysis
Lew, S. Q., & Centron, P. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817080-9.00015-4 · Cited by 4

Authors: Muntingh, A. D., van der Feltz-Cornelis, C. M., van Marwijk, H. W., Spinhoven, P., Penninx, B. W., & van Balkom, A. J.
Affiliations: Trimbos Institute (NL)
Leiden University (NL)
University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
Corresponding author: Muntingh, Anna DT
Spinhoven, Philip
Penninx, Brenda WJH
ORCID: Muntingh, Anna DT
Spinhoven, Philip
Penninx, Brenda WJH
Venue: BMC Family Practice
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2011-07-04
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Pages: 66-66
ISSN: 1471-2296 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-12-66
PMC: PMC3224107
OpenAlex: W2097904666
Cited by: 147
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7
FWCI: 5.77
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 (tdm)
Locations: BMC Family Practice (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Research portal (Tilburg University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion, other-oa)
VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Universiteit Leiden (10‐000‐1002)
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
GGZ inGeest
Rivierduinen
GGZ Friesland
GGZ Drenthe
Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek van de Gezondheidszorg (10-000-1002)
Trimbos-instituut
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: Beck Anxiety Inventory, anxiety levels, anxiety disorders, primary care, panic disorder with agoraphobia, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, comorbid depression, NESDA
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anxiety, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Primary Health Care, Psychological Tests, Severity of Illness Index, Young Adult

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Is the beck anxiety inventory a good tool to assess the severity of anxiety? A primary care study in The Netherlands study of depression and anxiety (NESDA)

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