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Cited by 177Smoking Behavior and CessationObesity, Physical Activity, DietDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

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Dose-dependent positive association between cigarette smoking, abdominal obesity and body fat: cross-sectional data from a population-based survey

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Clair, Carole, Chiolero, Arnaud, Faeh, David, Cornuz, Jacques, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Paccaud, Fred, Mooser, Vincent, Waeber, Gérard, Vollenweider, Peter·2011·BMC Public Health
DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-11-23PMC PMC3025841
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Although smokers tend to have a lower body-mass index than non-smokers, smoking may favour abdominal body fat accumulation. To our knowledge, no population-based studies have assessed the relationship between smoking and body fat composition. We assessed the association between cigarette smoking and waist circumference, body fat, and body-mass index. METHODS: Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured among 6,123 Caucasians (ages 35-75) from a cross-sectional population-based study in Switzerland. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥ 102 cm for men and ≥ 88 cm for women. Body fat (percent total body weight) was measured by electrical bioimpedance. Age- and sex-specific body fat cut-offs were used to define excess body fat. Cigarettes smoked per day were assessed by self-administered questionnaire. Age-adjusted means and odds ratios were calculated using linear and logistic regression. RESULTS: Current smokers (29% of men and 24% of women) had lower mean waist circumference, body fat percentage, and body-mass index compared with non-smokers. Age-adjusted mean waist circumference and body fat increased with cigarettes smoked per day among smokers. The association between cigarettes smoked per day and body-mass index was non-significant. Compared with light smokers, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for abdominal obesity in men was 1.28 (0.78-2.10) for moderate smokers and 1.94 (1.15-3.27) for heavy smokers (P = 0.03 for trend), and 1.07 (0.72-1.58) and 2.15 (1.26-3.64) in female moderate and heavy smokers, respectively (P < 0.01 for trend). Compared with light smokers, the OR for excess body fat in men was 1.05 (95% CI: 0.58-1.92) for moderate smokers and 1.15 (0.60-2.20) for heavy smokers (P = 0.75 for trend) and 1.34 (0.89-2.00) and 2.11 (1.25-3.57), respectively in women (P = 0.07 for trend). CONCLUSION: Among smokers, cigarettes smoked per day were positively associated with central fat accumulation, particularly in women.

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Figure 1 Sampling procedure.
Figure 1 Sampling procedure.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Mean age-adjusted waist circumference and 95% Confidence Intervals by smoking status and gender.
Figure 2 Mean age-adjusted waist circumference and 95% Confidence Intervals by smoking status and gender.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Mean age-adjusted body-fat and 95% Confidence Intervals by smoking status and gender.
Figure 3 Mean age-adjusted body-fat and 95% Confidence Intervals by smoking status and gender.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Mean age-adjusted body mass index and 95% Confidence Intervals by smoking status and gender.
Figure 4 Mean age-adjusted body mass index and 95% Confidence Intervals by smoking status and gender.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Clair, C., Chiolero, A., Faeh, D., Cornuz, J., Marques-Vidal, P., Paccaud, F., Mooser, V., Waeber, G., & Vollenweider, P.
Affiliations
  • University of Lausanne (CH)
  • Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (CH)
  • Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
  • GlaxoSmithKline (United States) (US)
Corresponding author
Clair, Carole
ORCID
Venue
BMC Public Health
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2011-01-11
Volume
11
Issue
1
Pages
23-23
ISSN
1471-2458 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/1471-2458-11-23
PMC
PMC3025841
OpenAlex
W2011284750
Cited by
177
References
41
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
FWCI
6.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BMC Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • IRIS (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
Funders
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (122661)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords
cigarette smoking, abdominal obesity, waist circumference, body fat percentage, body mass index, dose-response relationship, central fat accumulation, sex differences, smoking intensity, excess body fat, middle-aged and older adults, cardiovascular risk factors, smoking cessation, weight gain after quitting smoking, tobacco-related cancer
MeSH terms
Adipose Tissue, Adult, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance, Surveys and Questionnaires, Smoking, Switzerland, Body Mass Index, Sex Distribution, Waist Circumference, Obesity, Abdominal

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