A prospective population-based cohort study of lactation and cardiovascular disease mortality: the HUNT study
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BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that lactation has long-term effects on risk for cardiovascular disease in women, but the effects on cardiovascular mortality are less well known. METHOD: In a Norwegian population-based prospective cohort study, we studied the association of lifetime duration of lactation with cardiovascular mortality in 21,889 women aged 30 to 85 years who attended the second Nord-Trøndelag Health Survey (HUNT2) in 1995-1997. The cohort was followed for mortality through 2010 by a linkage with the Cause of Death Registry. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for death from all causes and cardiovascular disease were calculated using Cox regression. RESULTS: During follow-up, 1,246 women died from cardiovascular disease. Parous women younger than 65 years who had never lactated had a higher cardiovascular mortality than the reference group of women who had lactated 24 months or more (HR 2.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28, 5.99). There was some evidence of a U-shaped association, where women who reported lactating 7-12 months had a HR of 0.55 (95% CI: 0.27, 1.09). No clear associations were observed among women 65 years or older. CONCLUSIONS: Excess cardiovascular mortality rates were observed among parous women younger than 65 years who had never lactated. These findings support the hypothesis that lactation may have long-term influences on maternal cardiovascular health.
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In a cohort of Norwegian women, women aged 65 or younger who never breastfed are at higher risk of mortality from stroke than women who ever breastfed.
“In a cohort of Norwegian women,95 women aged 65 or younger and who never breastfed were at a higher risk of mortality from stroke than women who ever breastfed.”
From Association between the reproductive health of young women and cardiovascular disease in later life: umbrella review (2020) · cites this paper as [95]
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Prenatal Counseling on the Maternal Health Benefits of Lactation: A Randomized Trial
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Awareness of the Maternal Health Benefits of Lactation Among U.S. Pregnant Individuals
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Breastfeeding is associated with lower subclinical atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women
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Lifetime breastfeeding and mortality among parous women in the Mexican Teacher's Cohort
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- Authors
- Natland Fagerhaug, T., Forsmo, S., Jacobsen, G. W., Midthjell, K., Andersen, L. F., & Ivar Lund Nilsen, T.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- University of Oslo (NO)
- Venue
- BMC Public Health
- Published
- 2013-11-13
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1070-1070
- ISSN
- 1471-2458 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3840666
- OpenAlex
- W2050882334
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 3.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway)) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet
- Helse Midt-Norge
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Keywords
- lactation, cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular disease, maternal cardiovascular health, parity, women's health, U-shaped relationship
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Lactation, Middle Aged, Norway, Parity, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Proportional Hazards Models
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