A malaria transmission-directed model of mosquito life cycle and ecology
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Malaria is a major public health issue in much of the world, and the mosquito vectors which drive transmission are key targets for interventions. Mathematical models for planning malaria eradication benefit from detailed representations of local mosquito populations, their natural dynamics and their response to campaign pressures. METHODS: A new model is presented for mosquito population dynamics, effects of weather, and impacts of multiple simultaneous interventions. This model is then embedded in a large-scale individual-based simulation and results for local elimination of malaria are discussed. Mosquito population behaviours, such as anthropophily and indoor feeding, are included to study their effect upon the efficacy of vector control-based elimination campaigns. RESULTS: Results for vector control tools, such as bed nets, indoor spraying, larval control and space spraying, both alone and in combination, are displayed for a single-location simulation with vector species and seasonality characteristic of central Tanzania, varying baseline transmission intensity and vector bionomics. The sensitivities to habitat type, anthropophily, indoor feeding, and baseline transmission intensity are explored. CONCLUSIONS: The ability to model a spectrum of local vector species with different ecologies and behaviours allows local customization of packages of interventions and exploration of the effect of proposed new tools.
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Malaria models cannot be applied directly in irrigated regions because they typically rely only on rainfall as a source of water to quantify larval habitats.
“While investigating transmission dynamics is helpful, malaria models cannot be applied directly in irrigated regions as they typically rely only on rainfall as a source of water to quantify larval habitats.”
From Investigating the Impact of Irrigation on Malaria Vector Larval Habitats and Transmission Using a Hydrology‐Based Model (2023) · cites this paper as Eckhoff, 2011
The Methods: model design > Aquatic habitat section says rainfall drives temporary habitat, but the model also includes permanent habitat and human population-driven habitat that do not depend on rainfall. It also recognizes agricultural practices such as rice cultivation as affecting habitat. The paper therefore contradicts the claim that its habitat modelling relies only on rainfall; it does not establish that malaria models generally cannot be applied in irrigated regions. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAdvanced agent-based malaria models rely only on rainfall to quantify larval habitats.
“While widely used in malaria intervention studies (Galactionova et al., 2021), these models tend to neglect the larval habitat representation (Griffin et al., 2010; T. Smith et al., 2006) or rely only on rainfall to quantify larval habitats (Eckhoff, 2011).”
From Investigating the Impact of Irrigation on Malaria Vector Larval Habitats and Transmission Using a Hydrology‐Based Model (2023) · cites this paper as Eckhoff, 2011
The Aquatic habitat section (page not provided) says the model uses rainfall for temporary and semi-permanent habitats, but not rainfall alone. Temporary habitat also depends on temperature and humidity, permanent habitat is fixed, and human-driven habitat is calculated from population size. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe default habitat functions in EMOD are designed primarily to incorporate the variability of climate, and their scaling factors and decay rates are usually calibrated to fit local data on vector abundance or EIR rather than habitat area per se.
“The default habitat functions in EMOD are designed primarily to incorporate the variability of climate and the scaling factors and decay rates are usually calibrated to fit local data on vector abundance or entomological inoculation rate (EIR) rather than the habitat area per se (Eckhoff, 2011).”
From Investigating the Impact of Irrigation on Malaria Vector Larval Habitats and Transmission Using a Hydrology‐Based Model (2023) · cites this paper as Eckhoff, 2011
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- Authors
- Eckhoff, P. A.
- Affiliations
- Intellectual Ventures (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Eckhoff, Philip A
- ORCID
- Eckhoff, Philip A
- Venue
- Malaria Journal
- Published
- 2011-10-17
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 303-303
- ISSN
- 1475-2875 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3224385
- OpenAlex
- W2136547339
- Cited by
- 191
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 11.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Malaria Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Keywords
- malaria transmission, mosquito population dynamics, mosquito life cycle, vector control, malaria elimination, anthropophily, indoor feeding, bed nets, indoor residual spraying, larval source management, space spraying, agent-based modeling, vector bionomics
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Computer Simulation, Disease Vectors, Female, Humans, Life Cycle Stages, Malaria, Mosquito Control, Culicidae, Population Dynamics, Tanzania, Weather, Ecosystem
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