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Cited by 73Exercise and Physiological ResponsesMuscle metabolism and nutritionSports Performance and Training

Effects of methoxyisoflavone, ecdysterone, and sulfo-polysaccharide supplementation on training adaptations in resistance-trained males

Open access
Wilborn, Colin D., Taylor, Lemuel W., Campbell, Bill I., Kerksick, Chad, Rasmussen, Chris J., Greenwood, Michael, Kreider, Richard B.·2006·Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
DOI 10.1186/1550-2783-3-2-19PMC PMC2129166
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Abstract

PURPOSE: Methoxyisoflavone (M), 20-hydroxyecdysone (E), and sulfo-polysaccharide (CSP3) have been marketed to athletes as dietary supplements that can increase strength and muscle mass during resistance-training. However, little is known about their potential ergogenic value. The purpose of this study was to determine whether these supplements affect training adaptations and/or markers of muscle anabolism/catabolism in resistance-trained athletes. METHODS: Forty-five resistance-trained males (20.5 +/- 3 yrs; 179 +/- 7 cm, 84 +/- 16 kg, 17.3 +/- 9% body fat) were matched according to FFM and randomly assigned to ingest in a double blind manner supplements containing either a placebo (P); 800 mg/day of M; 200 mg of E; or, 1,000 mg/day of CSP3 for 8-weeks during training. At 0, 4, and 8-weeks, subjects donated fasting blood samples and completed comprehensive muscular strength, muscular endurance, anaerobic capacity, and body composition analysis. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in training adaptations among groups in the variables FFM, percent body fat, bench press 1 RM, leg press 1 RM or sprint peak power. Anabolic/catabolic analysis revealed no significant differences among groups in active testosterone (AT), free testosterone (FT), cortisol, the AT to cortisol ratio, urea nitrogen, creatinine, the blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio. In addition, no significant differences were seen from pre to post supplementation and/or training in AT, FT, or cortisol. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that M, E, and CSP3 supplementation do not affect body composition or training adaptations nor do they influence the anabolic/catabolic hormone status or general markers of catabolism in resistance-trained males.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1186/1550-2783-3-2-19

Cites

17 of 17 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 18 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    There were no significant differences between groups or over time in hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell count, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, lymphocytes, monocytes, or eosinophils.

    “No statistically significant differences were observed among groups as well as over time in the whole blood cell count variables including hemoglobin (p = 0.74), hematocrit (p = 0.61), red blood cell counts (p = 0.39), MCV (p = 0.68), MCH (p = 0.20), MCHC (p = 0.29), WBC (p = 0.076), lymphocytes (p = 0.44), monocytes (p = 0.66), and eosinophils (p = 0.28) from whole blood analysis.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    DEXA fat free mass increased significantly across all groups after training.

    “Training resulted in a statistically significant increase (p = 0.03) in DEXA fat free mass (lean/soft tissue mass plus bone mineral content) for all groups.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    There were no significant differences between groups or over time in serum protein, uric acid, AST, ALT, GGT, triglycerides, or total cholesterol.

    “No statistically significant differences were observed among groups as well as over time for the clinical chemistry profiles on variables including serum protein (p = 0.65), uric acid (p = 0.57), AST (p = 0.16), ALT (p = 0.56), GGT (p = 0.86), triglycerides (p = 0.62), and total cholesterol (p = 0.48).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    There were no significant group or group-by-time effects on mean daily total caloric, carbohydrate, protein, or fat intake.

    “No significant group or group × time effects were observed in mean daily total caloric carbohydrate, protein, or fat intake.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    There were no significant pre-to-post differences in active testosterone, free testosterone, or cortisol after supplementation and/or training.

    “In addition, no significant differences were seen from pre to post supplementation and/or training in AT, FT, or cortisol.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims. 21
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 10

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    There were no significant differences between groups in total upper-body or lower-body lifting volume during training.

    “No statistically significant differences were observed among groups in total lifting volume during the training period for upper body (P 322,984 ± 106,936; M 304,987 ± 51,955; E 275,744 ± 72,658; CSP3 313,308 ± 112,077 kg; p = 0.83) and lower body (P 398,976 ± 77,553; M 408,966 ± 113,746; E 448,371 ± 189,738; CSP3 422,163 ± 167,259 kg; p = 0.94).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Subjects tolerated the supplementation protocol well, with no reported medical problems or symptoms.

    “Analysis of post study questionnaires revealed that subjects tolerated the supplementation protocol well with no reports of medical problems or symptoms.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Neutrophil and basophil counts changed significantly.

    “However, significant changes were seen in neutrophils (2.05 ± 9.9; 4.4 ± 10.1; 4.3 ± 5.5, 5.8 ± 7.4 k/μL:, p = 0.04) and basophils (7.5 ± 7.6; 7.6 ± 25.1; 6.57 ± 16.1; 4.4 ± 7.8 k/μL, p = 0.04).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    There were no significant differences between groups in changes in total testosterone, free testosterone, cortisol, or the total testosterone-to-cortisol ratio.

    “No statistically significant differences were observed among P, M, E, and CSP3 groups, respectively, in changes in total testosterone (0.21 ± 0.83, 0.26 ± 1, 0.02 ± 1.21, 0.10 ± 0.93 ng/ml, p = 0.67), free testosterone (4.39 ± 10.4, 5.54 ± 6.85, 1.39 ± 11.84, 1.77 ± 8.62 pg/ml, p = 0.25), cortisol (2.68 ± 2.46, 1.11 ± 6.3, 1.93 ± 5.57, 1.66 ± 10.54 μg/dl, p = 0.57), total testosterone to cortisol”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    There were no significant differences between groups in active testosterone, free testosterone, cortisol, the active testosterone-to-cortisol ratio, urea nitrogen, creatinine, or the blood urea nitrogen-to-creatinine ratio.

    “Anabolic/catabolic analysis revealed no significant differences among groups in active testosterone (AT), free testosterone (FT), cortisol, the AT to cortisol ratio, urea nitrogen, creatinine, the blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Training significantly increased 1RM bench press and 1RM leg press in all groups.

    “Training resulted in statistically significant increase in 1-RM bench press (pre: 94.94 ± 22.8 to post: 100.84 ± 20.54 kg, p =< 0.0001) and 1-RM leg press (311 ± 76 to 341 ± 82 kg, p =< 0.0001) for all groups.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    There were no significant differences between groups in changes in Wingate peak power, Wingate mean power, or Wingate total work.

    “Likewise, no significant differences were observed in mean changes in Wingate peak power (82 ± 248; 30 ± 139; 28 ± 151; 17 ± 171 W, p = 0.82), Wingate mean power (20 ± 83; -13 ± 88; -18 ± 76; -15 ± 52 W, p = 0.55), or Wingate total work (582 ± 2,564; -216 ± 2,716; -420 ± 2,291; -528 ± 1,514 J, p = 0.29).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    CSP3 supplementation had no significant effects on body composition, training adaptations, or markers of anabolic/catabolic status in resistance-trained men.

    “Results of this study support this prior report in that CSP3 supplementation had no significant effects on body composition, training adaptations, or markers of anabolic/catabolic status in resistance-trained men.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    In resistance-trained males, supplementation with methoxyisoflavone, ecdysterone, and CSP3 does not affect body composition, training adaptations, anabolic/catabolic hormone status, or general markers of catabolism.

    “Results indicate that M, E, and CSP3 supplementation do not affect body composition or training adaptations nor do they influence the anabolic/catabolic hormone status or general markers of catabolism in resistance-trained males.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    Subjects recorded the weight lifted and repetitions performed on training cards, which were signed by SLC staff to verify attendance and completion of workouts.

    “Subjects recorded the amount of weight lifted and number of repetitions performed for each set on training cards so that training volume could be determined. Subjects were also instructed to have their exercise card signed by SLC staff in order to verify attendance and completion of the workouts.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Simakin found that ecdysterone with protein resulted in a 6-7% increase in lean muscle tissue and nearly a 10% reduction in fat.

    “The addition of ecdysterone in conjunction with protein intake resulted in a 6–7% increase in lean muscle tissue with nearly a 10% reduction in fat.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [21] Simakin SY, 1988

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    A power analysis for a 4 × 3 design indicated that 15 subjects per group yields high power (>0.9) for delta values of 0.75 to 1.25.

    “Power analysis in a 4 × 3 design indicate that an n-size of 15 per group yields high power (>0.9) for delta values of 0.75 to 1.25.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Subjects signed an informed consent approved by the Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects.

    “Subjects signed an informed consent that was approved by the Institutional Review Board for Human subjects prior to participation.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Inclendon et al. reported that 5-methyl-7-methoxyisoflavone supplementation did not significantly affect changes in body weight, body mass index, bone mineral content, or isokinetic peak force between groups.

    “Inclendon et al[18] reported 5-methyl-7-methoxyisoflavone supplementation did not significantly affect changes in body weight, body mass index, bone mineral content, or isokinetic peak force between groups.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [18] Incledon Thomas, 2001, Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Administration of myostatin antibodies to adult rodents increased body mass, muscle mass, muscle size, and strength.

    “The interest in myostatin was generated by recent studies where antibodies for myostatin were created and administered to adult rodents, which resulted in an increase in body mass, muscle mass, muscle size, and strength [11,12].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [11] source
    • cites [12] source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    Supplementation compliance was monitored by having subjects return empty bottles at 4 and 8 weeks.

    “Supplementation compliance was monitored by research assistants by having the subjects return empty bottles of the supplement at the end of 4 and 8 weeks of supplementation.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Inclendon et al. reported that DEXA fat free mass increased by 1.3 kg in the methoxyisoflavone group and was unchanged (0.1 kg) in the placebo group, resulting in a significant reduction in body fat percent.

    “However, DEXA determined FFM increased by 1.3 kg in the methoxyisoflavone group while being unchanged (0.1 kg) in the placebo group resulting in a significant reduction in body fat percent.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [18] Incledon Thomas, 2001, Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductcitation

    The DEXA method for determining body composition has been shown to be valid.

    “This method of determining body composition has been shown to be valid [15].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [15] Kellie E, 1992, Jama source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Myostatin is a cytokine that inhibits satellite cell proliferation and myoblast differentiation, and it decreases adipogenesis by reducing leptin secretion.

    “Myostatin is a cytokine that works by inhibiting the proliferation of satellite cells and the differentiation of myoblasts [10], while also decreasing adipogenesis via reductions in the secretion of leptin [11].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [10] source
    • cites [11] source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    Wingate test-retest reliability in our laboratory was r = 0.69 for absolute peak power and r = 0.95 for mean power.

    “Correlation coefficients of test-retest reliability for absolute peak power and mean power in our lab has been found to be r = 0.69 and r = 0.95, respectively.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    Strength test-retest reliability in resistance-trained subjects showed low mean coefficients of variation and high reliability for bench press (1.9%, intraclass r = 0.94) and leg press/hip sled (0.7%, intraclass r = 0.91).

    “Test re-test reliability of performing these strength tests on resistance-trained subjects in our laboratory have yielded low mean coefficients of variation and high reliability for the bench press (1.9%, intraclass r = 0.94) and leg press/hip sled (0.7%, intraclass r = 0.91).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    Subjects were matched by fat free mass and randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to ingest supplements or placebo.

    “Forty-five resistance-trained males (20.5 ± 3 yrs; 179 ± 7 cm, 84 ± 16 kg, 17.3 ± 9% body fat) were matched according to FFM and randomly assigned to ingest in a double blind manner supplements containing either a placebo (P); 800 mg/day of M; 200 mg of E; or, 1,000 mg/day of CSP3 for 8-weeks during training.”
    • Also stated in: § Experimental Design · plain
      “The study was conducted as a double-blind, placebo controlled trial using parallel groups matched according to fat free mass.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    Assays were run in duplicate, and intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were reported.

    “The assays were run in duplicate and the absorbances of the standards, samples, and controls were determined at an optical density of 450 nanometers with a Wallac Victor[2] 1420 Multilabel counter by PerkinElmer (Boston, MA).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    Subjects were instructed to abstain from exercise for 48 hours and fast for at least 10 hours before the baseline blood draw.

    “Subjects were instructed to abstain from exercise or physical activity for 48 hours prior to testing and were instructed to fast at least 10 hours prior to the baseline blood draw.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Gadzhieva et al. reported that 3 weeks of Ekdisten, leveton, and Prime Plus supplementation during training increased skinfold-determined muscle mass, decreased fat mass, and increased total work.

    “Finally, Gadzhieva and colleagues [22] reported that 3-weeks of Ekdisten, leveton, and Prime Plus (combination of Ekdisten and pure protein) supplementation during training increased skinfold determined muscle mass, decreased fat mass, and increased total work during training.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [22] Gadzhieva RM, 1995, Eksp Klin Farmakol

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

25 of 25

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    These three supplements are sold to athletes with claims that they increase strength and muscle mass during resistance training.

    “Methoxyisoflavone (M), 20-hydroxyecdysone (E), and sulfo-polysaccharide (CSP3) have been marketed to athletes as dietary supplements that can increase strength and muscle mass during resistance-training.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The potential performance-enhancing value of these supplements is largely unknown.

    “However, little is known about their potential ergogenic value.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Few well-controlled studies have tested whether these nutrients have performance-enhancing properties.

    “Unfortunately, little well-controlled research has been conducted to examine the potential ergogenic properties of these nutrients.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    No human research has supported the claimed effects of ecdysterone.

    “Despite these potential benefits, no research has supported these claims in human models.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Sulfo-polysaccharide is marketed as binding to myostatin and blocking its activity in muscle.

    “Sulfo-polysaccharide is a nutrient that is advertised to bind to myostatin and inhibit its activity in muscle.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The doses administered in the study are the amounts recommended on these supplement products.

    “These data are representative of a specific training protocol as well as specific prescribed doses of the experimental supplements, but the doses used represent the recommended amount found in these types of supplements.”
6 of 6

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • In Wilborn et al., clinical chemistry profiles and hematological parameters confirmed no significant differences between the groups or over time.

    “analysis of clinical chemistry profiles, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and hematological parameters, confirmed no significant differences between the groups or over time.”

    From Ergogenic properties, safety evaluation and regulations of selected ingredients in testosterone booster dietary supplements (2024) · cites this paper as [70]

    The Results section (Blood Chemistry Profiles; page not supplied) reports no significant differences among groups or over time for several clinical chemistry measures and most blood-cell counts. It also reports significant changes in neutrophils and basophils, so the blanket claim about hematological parameters is overstated. The Methodology lists CK and LDH as measured, but the cited Results passage does not give their findings. (LLM, conf=0.92)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Wilborn et al. showed that 8-week supplementation of 20-hydroxyecdysone (30 mg/day) in 45 young resistance-trained men did not exert a significant effect on testosterone concentration, muscle mass, body composition, training adaptations, or strength.

    “Wilborn et al., in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial showed that 8-week supplementation of 20-hydroxyecdysone (30 mg/day) in 45 young resistance-trained men (aged 20.5 ± 3 years) did not exert a significant effect on testosterone concentration, muscle mass, body composition, training adaptations, or strength.”

    From Ergogenic properties, safety evaluation and regulations of selected ingredients in testosterone booster dietary supplements (2024) · cites this paper as [70]

    Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Sulfo-polysaccharide supplementation has no impact on body composition or performance.

    “Willoughby and colleagues [402] supplemented untrained males with 1200 mg/day of Cytoseira Canariensis (a form of sea algae), a purported myostatin inhibitor, and reported no changes for fat-free mass, strength and blood concentrations of myostatin.”

    From ISSN exercise &amp; sports nutrition review update: research &amp; recommendations (2018) · cites this paper as [318]

  • In Wilborn et al., participants tolerated the supplementation well and did not report any adverse events.

    “According to the safety assessment, the participants tolerated the supplementation well and did not report any adverse events.”

    From Ergogenic properties, safety evaluation and regulations of selected ingredients in testosterone booster dietary supplements (2024) · cites this paper as [70]

  • Only two studies have examined the effects of ecdysterone supplementation on training adaptations and anabolic and catabolic markers in resistance-trained men and young men.

    “Only two studies have examined the effects of ecdysterone supplementation on training adaptations and anabolic and catabolic markers in resistance-trained men [21] and young men [15].”

    From Beneficial Effects of Asparagus officinalis Extract Supplementation on Muscle Mass and Strength following Resistance Training and Detraining in Healthy Males (2023) · cites this paper as [21]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Different ecdysterone dose reported in Methods and Abstract

    Major

    The abstract says subjects received 200 mg/day of ecdysterone, but the Methods section specifies 100 mg/day of Polypodium vulare/suma root standardized for 30 mg of 20-hydroxyecdysone. These are not the same dose, so the paper is internally inconsistent about the intervention.

  • Different CSP3 dose reported in Abstract and Methods

    Major

    The abstract reports 1,000 mg/day of CSP3, while the Methods section later states 500 mg/day of sulfo-polysaccharides. This is a direct discrepancy in the treatment dose and affects interpretation of the study.

  • Conflicting ecdysterone dose descriptions

    Major

    The supplement amount for ecdysterone is not stated the same way in two places. One passage says 200 mg/day of E, while another says 100 mg/day of plant extract standardized to 30 mg of 20-hydroxyecdysone, which is not the same dosage description.

  • Inconsistent CSP3 dosage across methods

    Major

    The paper gives two different daily doses for the sulfo-polysaccharide supplement. One methods description says subjects took 1,000 mg/day, but the supplementation protocol later says 500 mg/day, so the intervention is not described consistently.

  • Ecdysterone dose differs between the abstract and methods

    Major

    The abstract says the E group received 200 mg of ecdysterone, while the supplementation protocol specifies 100 mg/day of a preparation standardized to 30 mg of 20-hydroxyecdysone. These are materially different descriptions of the administered dose.

  • CSP3 dose differs between the abstract and methods

    Major

    The abstract reports 1,000 mg/day of CSP3, but the supplementation protocol reports 500 mg/day.

  • The introduction overlooks human results cited later

    Minor

    The introduction says no human research has supported the proposed ecdysterone effects. The discussion later describes an athlete study reporting increased lean tissue and reduced fat with ecdysterone.

7 of 7

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

3 of the 20 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 12

  1. Feuer LFL, 1979, United States Patent
  2. Ohta H, 1999, Horm Res, 51, 178
  3. Chermnykh N, 1988, Farmakol Toksikol, 51, 57
  4. Sláma KLR, 1995, Eur J Entoniol, 92, 355
  5. Syrov VNNA, 1986, Farmakol Toksikol, 49, 100
  6. Syrov VN, 1992, Ukr Biokhim Zh, 64, 61
  7. Chiang HC, 1992, Anticancer Res, 12, 1475
  8. Feuer L, 1974, US Pataent 3949085: Anabolic-weight-gain promoting compositions containing isoflavone derivatives and method using same
  9. Feuer L, 1977, US4163746: Metabolic 5-methyl-isoflavone-derivatives, process for the preparation thereof and compositions containing the same
  10. Azizov APSR, 1997, Eksp Klin Farmakol, 60, 47
  11. Simakin SY, 1988, Scientific Sports Bulletin
  12. Gadzhieva RM, 1995, Eksp Klin Farmakol, 58, 46

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Wilborn, C. D., Taylor, L. W., Campbell, B. I., Kerksick, C., Rasmussen, C. J., Greenwood, M., & Kreider, R. B.
Affiliations
  • University of Mary Hardin–Baylor (US)
  • Exercise Physiology LabUniversity of West Florida Pensacola FL USA
  • Baylor University (US)
  • University of Oklahoma (US)
Corresponding author
Kreider, Richard B.
Venue
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2006-12-01
Volume
3
Issue
2
Pages
19-27
ISSN
1550-2783 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/1550-2783-3-2-19
PMC
PMC2129166
OpenAlex
W2127018489
Cited by
73
References
20
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
FWCI
0.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords
20-hydroxyecdysone, dietary supplements, ergogenic aids, resistance training adaptation, muscle anabolism, muscle catabolism, testosterone, cortisol

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