Cited by 412Bone Metabolism and DiseasesBone health and osteoporosis researchRheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies

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Osteoporosis, inflammation and ageing

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Ginaldi, Lia, Di Benedetto, Maria Cristina, De Martinis, Massimo·2005·Immunity & Ageing

DOI 10.1186/1742-4933-2-14PMC PMC1308846

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Abstract

Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by low bone mass and increased bone fragility, putting patients at risk of fractures, which are major causes of morbidity substantially in older people. Osteoporosis is currently attributed to various endocrine, metabolic and mechanical factors. However, emerging clinical and molecular evidence suggests that inflammation also exerts significant influence on bone turnover, inducing osteoporosis. Numerous proinflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the regulation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and a shift towards an activated immune profile has been hypothesized as important risk factor. Chronic inflammation and the immune system remodelling characteristic of ageing, as well as of other pathological conditions commonly associated with osteoporosis, may be determinant pathogenetic factors. The present article will review the current perspectives on the interaction between bone and immune system in the elderly, providing an interpretation of osteoporosis in the light of inflamm-ageing.

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“Osteoporosis development is observed in the elderly and those with diseases involving systemic inflammation (3).”
Background
Serum Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κβ Ligand and Osteoprotegerin Levels and Ratio in Correlation with Bone Mineral Density
Aulia, F. A., Utami, S. L., Anniwati, L., Mudjanarko, S. W., & Marpaung, F. R. (2020) · INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY · doi:10.24293/ijcpml.v27i1.1627
Disparity in bone mineral density of males and females with age
Aziz, N. (2020) · World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews · doi:10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.3.0504
“Proinflamatory cytokines like interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α are increased with ageing [21] and have been implicated in stimulation of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption.”
Ginkgetin aglycone exerts anti-osteoporotic effect via regulation of NOX4/Akt/PI3K pathway
Wu, H., Dai, M., Dai, M., & Huang, W. (2021) · Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.4314/tjpr.v18i9.5
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PERIODONTAL DISEASE AND OSTEOPOROSIS
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Expression of circulating Mir-139-5p is associated with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Indian women
Rupakala, B. M., Anbazhaganb, K., Prabhakarac, S., & Sailakshmia, M. (2021) · MOJ Women s Health · doi:10.15406/mojwh.2021.10.00297
Osteoporosis, Inflammation, and Aging
Ginaldi, L., Mengoli, L. P., Sirufo, M. M., & Martinis, M. D. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64597-1_64-2
Self-citation
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Additional file 1 of Attenuation of Alzheimer’s brain pathology in 5XFAD mice by PTH1-34, a peptide of parathyroid hormone
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Additional file 3 of Attenuation of Alzheimer’s brain pathology in 5XFAD mice by PTH1-34, a peptide of parathyroid hormone
Chen, L., Xiong, L., Yao, L., Pan, J., Arzola, E. P., Zhu, X., Mei, L., & Xiong, W.-C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26575166
Additional file 2 of Attenuation of Alzheimer’s brain pathology in 5XFAD mice by PTH1-34, a peptide of parathyroid hormone
Chen, L., Xiong, L., Yao, L., Pan, J., Arzola, E. P., Zhu, X., Mei, L., & Xiong, W.-C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26575163
Additional file 1 of MiR-21-5p regulates the dynamic of mitochondria network and rejuvenates the senile phenotype of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) isolated from osteoporotic SAM/P6 mice
Sikora, M., Śmieszek, A., Pielok, A., & Marycz, K. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26578544
Novel association between atherogenic index of plasma and bone mineral density in men: a retrospective analysis
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“Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration, leading to increased bone fragility and fracture risk [1, 2].”
Osteoporosis in rural women of the Ural Region: clinical and metabolic profile, comorbidity, and diagnostic opportunities at the primary health care level
Kondakova, V. G., & Zakroyeva, A. G. (2025) · Russian Family Doctor · doi:10.17816/rfd690275
Exploring the causal relationship between osteoporosis and age-related macular degeneration: Evidence from observational studies and mendelian randomization
Liu, H., Sun, X., Liu, J., & Chang, Z. (2026) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2026.113060

Authors: Ginaldi, L., Di Benedetto, M. C., & De Martinis, M.
Affiliations: University of L'Aquila (IT)
Corresponding author: Ginaldi, Lia
ORCID: Ginaldi, Lia
Venue: Immunity & Ageing
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2005-11-04
Volume: 2
Issue: 1
Pages: 14-14
ISSN: 1742-4933 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-2-14
PMC: PMC1308846
OpenAlex: W2168242208
Cited by: 412
References: 164
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 2.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Immunity & Ageing (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi dell Aquila (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
Keywords: osteoporosis, chronic inflammation, aging, bone turnover, inflammatory cytokines, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, bone-immune interaction, fracture risk, older adults

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Osteoporosis, inflammation and ageing

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