Fish oil rich diet in comparison to saturated fat rich diet offered protection against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in mice
Open accessAbstract
Background and Objective: Systemic chronic inflammation is linked to metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, and heart disease. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Gram negative microbial product, triggers inflammation through toll-like-receptor-4 (TLR-4) signaling. It has been reported that dietary fatty acids also modulate inflammation through TLR-4. We investigated whether fish oil (FO) rich diet in comparison to saturated fat (SF) rich diet would confer protection from pathologies induced by LPS. Methods: Twenty C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups. One group received FO-diet and other received SF-diet ad libitum for 60 days. Diets were isocaloric containing 45% energy from fat. After 60-days of feeding, blood was collected after overnight fast. Mice were allowed to recover for 4-days, fasted for 5-hours, challenged with 100 ng/mL of LPS intraperitonially, and bled after 2-hours. After 7-days of recuperation, mice were challenged with 500 ng/mL of LPS intraperitonially and observed for physical health. Results: Food intake was similar in FO- and SF-fed mice. FO-fed mice compared to SF-fed mice had significantly less body weight gain (P = 0.005), epididymal fat weight (P = 0.005), fasting blood glucose (70.8 vs 83.3 ng/dL; P < 0.05), HOMA-IR (5.0 vs 13.6; P < 0.019), and serum cholesterol (167 vs 94 mg/dL; P < 0.05). When challenged with LPS, FO-fed mice had significantly lower serum IL-1β compared to SF-fed mice (2.0 vs 30.0 pg/mL; P < 0.001). After LPS-challenge, SF-fed mice had higher mortality, lost more body weight, and had greater decrease in blood glucose compared to FO-fed mice. Conclusion: Overall, FO-diet compared to SF-diet offered protection against deleterious effects of LPS in mice.
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In rodents, high saturated fat content causes hyperinsulinemia, liver and muscle insulin resistance, and hypothalamic inflammation.
“which in rodents causes hyperinsulinemia, liver and muscle insulin resistance, and hypothalamic inflammation (137–143).”
From The carbohydrate-insulin model: A physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as [141]
Substitution of unsaturated fat for saturated fat in these protocols, or ablation of toll-like receptor signaling, reduces metabolic dysfunction and adiposity in rodents.
“Substitution of unsaturated fat for saturated fat in these protocols, or ablation of toll-like receptor signaling, reduces metabolic dysfunction and adiposity (137–143).”
From The carbohydrate-insulin model: A physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as [141]
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- Authors
- Vijay-Kumar, M., Vanegas, S. M., Patel, N., Aitken, J. D., Ziegler, T. R., & Ganji, V.
- Affiliations
- Georgia State University (US)
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ganji, Vijay
- Venue
- Nutrition & Metabolism
- Published
- 2011-03-09
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 16-16
- ISSN
- 1743-7075 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3066121
- OpenAlex
- W2122495140
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Nutrition & Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Archive @ GSU (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Counseling And Psychological Services Dissertations (Georgia State University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Emory University
- Georgia State University
- School of Medicine, Emory University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- fish oil, saturated fat, dietary fatty acids, lipopolysaccharide, endotoxemia, inflammation, insulin resistance, TLR4, IL-1β, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, weight gain, epididymal adipose tissue, fasting blood glucose, serum cholesterol
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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