Cited by 365Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 70 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Methylphenidate improves prefrontal cortical cognitive function through α2 adrenoceptor and dopamine D1 receptor actions: Relevance to therapeutic effects in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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Arnsten, Amy FT, Dudley, Anne G·2005·Behavioral and Brain Functions

Abstract

Background: Methylphenidate (MPH) is the classic treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), yet the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic actions remain unclear. Recent studies have identified an oral, MPH dose regimen which when given to rats produces drug plasma levels similar to those measured in humans. The current study examined the effects of these low, orally-administered doses of MPH in rats performing a delayed alternation task dependent on prefrontal cortex (PFC), a brain region that is dysfunctional in ADHD, and is highly sensitive to levels of catecholamines. The receptor mechanisms underlying the enhancing effects of MPH were explored by challenging the MPH response with the noradrenergic α2 adrenoceptor antagonist, idazoxan, and the dopamine D1 antagonist, SCH23390. Results: MPH produced an inverted U dose response whereby moderate doses (1.0–2.0 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly improved delayed alternation performance, while higher doses (2.0–3.0 mg/kg, p.o.) produced perseverative errors in many animals. The enhancing effects of MPH were blocked by co-administration of either the α2 adrenoceptor antagonist, idazoxan, or the dopamine D1 antagonist, SCH23390, in doses that had no effect on their own. Conclusion: The administration of low, oral doses of MPH to rats has effects on PFC cognitive function similar to those seen in humans and patients with ADHD. The rat can thus be used as a model for examination of neural mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of MPH on executive functions in humans. The efficacy of idazoxan and SCH23390 in reversing the beneficial effects of MPH indicate that both noradrenergic α2 adrenoceptor and dopamine D1 receptor stimulation contribute to cognitive-enhancing effects of MPH.

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  1. Arnsten AFT, Castellanos FX: Neurobiology of attention regulation and its disorders. Textbook of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. Edited by: Martin A, Scahill L, Charney D and Leckman J. 2002, NY, Oxford Univ. Press, 99-109.

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Metadata

Authors
Arnsten, A. F., & Dudley, A. G.
Affiliations
Yale University (US)
Corresponding author
Arnsten, Amy FT
Venue
Behavioral and Brain Functions
Published
2005-04-22
Volume
1
Issue
1
Pages
2-2
ISSN
1744-9081 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2124264649
Cited by
363
References
70
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 27
FWCI
15.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Behavioral and Brain Functions (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Shire
  • National Institutes of Health (5r21mh066393-03)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R21-MH066393)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords
methylphenidate, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, prefrontal cortex, delayed alternation, executive function, alpha2-adrenoceptors, dopamine D1 receptor, idazoxan, SCH 23390, noradrenergic signaling, dopamine signaling, perseverative errors, dose-response relationship, rat model

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