Australian Rural Football Club Leaders as Mental Health Advocates: An Investigation of the Impact of the Coach the Coach Project
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Mental ill health, especially depression, is recognised as an important health concern, potentially with greater impact in rural communities. This paper reports on a project, Coach the Coach, in which Australian rural football clubs were the setting and football coaches the leaders in providing greater mental health awareness and capacity to support early help seeking behaviour among young males experiencing mental health difficulties, especially depression. Coaches and other football club leaders were provided with Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training. METHOD: Pre-post measures of the ability of those club leaders undertaking mental health training to recognise depression and schizophrenia and of their knowledge of evidence supported treatment options, and confidence in responding to mental health difficulties were obtained using a questionnaire. This was supplemented by focus group interviews. Pre-post questionnaire data from players in participating football clubs was used to investigate attitudes to depression, treatment options and ability to recognise depression from a clinical scenario. Key project stakeholders were also interviewed. RESULTS: Club leaders (n = 36) who were trained in MHFA and club players (n = 275) who were not trained, participated in this evaluation. More than 50% of club leaders who undertook the training showed increased capacity to recognise mental illness and 66% reported increased confidence to respond to mental health difficulties in others. They reported that this training built upon their existing skills, fulfilled their perceived social responsibilities and empowered them. Indirect benefit to club players from this approach seemed limited as minimal changes in attitudes were reported by players. Key stakeholders regarded the project as valuable. CONCLUSIONS: Rural football clubs appear to be appropriate social structures to promote rural mental health awareness. Club leaders, including many coaches, benefit from MHFA training, reporting increased skills and confidence. Benefit to club players from this approach was less obvious. However, the generally positive findings of this study suggest further research in this area is desirable.
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For stigma measures, two studies did not report evidence of reliability and validity.
“In addition, stigma was measured using three types of measures, and two studies [17,31] did not report evidence of reliability and validity.”
From Mental health literacy intervention on help-seeking in athletes: a systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as [31]
The frequency and duration of sessions for each programme varied from 10 minutes to 12 hours.
“In addition, the frequency and duration of the sessions for each programme varied from 10 min [32] to 12 h [31].”
From Mental health literacy intervention on help-seeking in athletes: a systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as [31]
Two studies revealed non-significant improvements in help-seeking attitudes towards mental health disorders in the short term and long term.
“Two studies revealed non-significant improvements in help-seeking attitudes towards mental health disorders in the short [22,31] and long terms [22].”
From Mental health literacy intervention on help-seeking in athletes: a systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as [31]
Three studies discussed stigma.
“Three studies discussed stigma [17,22,31].”
From Mental health literacy intervention on help-seeking in athletes: a systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as [31]
The third study revealed no significant reduction in stigma.
“The third study [31] revealed no significant reduction in stigma.”
From Mental health literacy intervention on help-seeking in athletes: a systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as [31]
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Hart, L. (2010) · Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A Content Analysis of Mental Health Literacy Education for Sport Coaches
Hebard, S. P., Bissett, J. E., Kroshus, E., Beamon, E. R., & Reich, A. L. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology · doi:10.1123/jcsp.2021-0011 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Arthur, Y. A., Boardman, G., Morgan, A. J., & McCann, T. V. (2020) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2020.1793122 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Diamond, S., Wallace, L., English, M., & Caperchione, C. M. (2022) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/17479541221092099 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Administering Mental Health: Societal, Coaching, and Legislative Approaches to Mental Health
Kroshus, E., & Hainline, B. W. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44754-0_20 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
MENTAL HEALTH LITERACY: EXPERIENCES AND ATTITUDES OF FOOTBALL COACHES IN MALTA
Muscat, A., Duca, O., & Stivala, C. (2024) · European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science · doi:10.46827/ejpe.v11i2.5395 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Formative Evaluation of Open Goals: A UK Community-Based Multi-Sport Family Programme
Burton, L., Curran, K., & Foweather, L. (2020) · Children · doi:10.3390/children7090119 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Chow, G. M., Bird, M. D., Soendergaard, S., & Gilson, T. A. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology · doi:10.1123/jcsp.2021-0001 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ryan, C. M., Innes, C. S., Kannis‐Dymand, L., Mason, J., & Lovell, G. P. (2023) · Asia Pacific Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/21507686.2023.2193751 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Amik, A. M. R., Concepcion, H. S. C., Villamor, H. J. A., & Cleofas, J. V. (2025) · Journal of Applied Youth Studies · doi:10.1007/s43151-024-00153-y · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Voice of Mental Health Literacy
Gorczynski, P. F. (2025) · Advances in Psychiatry and Behavioral Health · doi:10.1016/j.ypsc.2025.02.001 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Group dynamics and mental health in organized youth sports
Vella, S. A., Liddle, S. K., Vierimaa, M., & Evans, M. B. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816336-8.00016-0 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Evaluating Mental Health First Aid: an Evidence Synthesis Review of Published Empirical Studies.Preprint
Atanda, O., Callaghan, P., Vangeli, E., Reavey, P., Carter, T., Brown, S. D., Durcan, G., O’Shea, N., White, S. J., & Wood, K. V. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-124268/v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Guideline of Football Promotion on Mental Health of Youth Aged 7-12 in Guangdong Province
Chen, Y., Soonjan, R., & Hongseanyatham, P. (2023) · International Journal of Sociologies and Anthropologies Science Reviews · doi:10.60027/ijsasr.2023.3474 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
James, I. A., & Turner, M. J. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1633397 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mental Health and Wellbeing Interventions in Sport: A Review and Recommendations
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Hurley, D. (2019) · Research Online (University of Wollongong)
The Need for Easy to Learn and Use SEL Strategies
Macklem, G. L. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-65695-9_5
Coaching and Athlete Mental Health
Vella, S. A., & Liddle, S. K. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63912-9_14 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mastering the Mental Health Playbook: Leveraging Sport to Improve Young Men’s Wellbeing
O’Gorman, K., Pilkington, V., & Benakovic, R. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-64053-7_5
Der Bedarf an leicht erlernbaren und anwendbaren SEL-Strategien
Macklem, G. L. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-07436-2_5
Breslin, G., Shannon, S., Cummings, M., & Leavey, G. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19802359
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- Authors
- Pierce, D., Liaw, S.-T., Dobell, J., & Anderson, R.
- Affiliations
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Sydney South West Area Health Service (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Pierce, David
- Venue
- International Journal of Mental Health Systems
- Published
- 2010
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10
- ISSN
- 1752-4458 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2889859
- OpenAlex
- W2104636330
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 7.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- International Journal of Mental Health Systems (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UNSWorks (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › School Health and Nursing Education
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Keywords
- mental health promotion, mental health first aid, football coaches, depression, early help-seeking, rural mental health, mental health awareness, young men, mental illness recognition
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