Mental health literacy: Public knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders
Open accessAbstract
Background: Although the benefits of public knowledge of physical diseases are widely accepted, knowledge about mental disorders (mental health literacy) has been comparatively neglected. Aims: To introduce the concept of mental health literacy to a wider audience, to bring together diverse research relevant to the topic and to identify gaps in the area. Method: A narrative review within a conceptual framework. Results: Many members of the public cannot recognise specific disorders or different types of psychological distress. They differ from mental health experts in their beliefs about the causes of mental disorders and the most effective treatments. Attitudes which hinder recognition and appropriate help-seeking are common. Much of the mental health information most readily available to the public is misleading. However, there is some evidence that mental health literacy can be improved. Conclusions: If the public's mental health literacy is not improved, this may hinder public acceptance of evidence-based mental health care. Also, many people with common mental disorders may be denied effective self-help and may not receive appropriate support from others in the community.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Existing face-to-face services pose significant barriers for young people largely due to access, availability, and high costs, as well as reluctance due to stigma and embarrassment.
“In addition, existing face-to-face services pose significant barriers for young people [10-16] largely due to access, availability, and high costs of these services [17], as well as the reluctance of young people to seek professional help due to stigma and embarrassment [18-20].”
From Do online mental health services improve help-seeking for young people? A systematic review (2014) · cites this paper as [19]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Kessler, R. C. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002 · Cited by 12,370 · see citing works
Jorm, A. F., Korten, A. E., Jacomb, P. A., Christensen, H., Rodgers, B., & Pollitt, P. (1997) · Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1997.tb140071.x · Cited by 2,585 · see citing works
Self-citationThe de Facto US Mental and Addictive Disorders Service System
Regier, D. A. (1993) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820140007001 · Cited by 1,988 · see citing works
Public conceptions of mental illness: labels, causes, dangerousness, and social distance.
Link, B. G., Phelan, J. C., Bresnahan, M., Stueve, A., & Pescosolido, B. A. (1999) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.89.9.1328 · Cited by 1,949 · see citing works
St John's wort for depression—an overview and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials
Linde, K., Ramı́rez, G., Mulrow, C. D., Pauls, A., Weidenhammer, W., & Melchart, D. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7052.253 · Cited by 989 · see citing works
Common mental disorders : a bio-social model
Goldberg, D. P., & Huxley, P. J. (1992) · Cited by 730 · see citing works
Common mental disorders. A bio-social model
King, M. (1993) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(93)90179-j · Cited by 553 · see citing works
The mental health of Australians: (676572010-001)
Andrews, G., Hall, W., Teesson, M., & Henderson, S. (2000) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e676572010-001 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Changes in public attitudes to depression during the Defeat Depression Campaign
Paykel, E. S., Hart, D., & Priest, R. G. (1998) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.173.6.519 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Kessler, D. S., Lloyd, K. R., Lewis, G., Gray, D. P., & Heath, I. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7181.436 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Priest, R. G., Vize, C., Roberts, A., Roberts, M., & Tylee, A. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7061.858 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Regier, D. A., Hirschfeld, R. M. A., Goodwin, F. K., Burke, J. D., Lazar, J. B., & Judd, L. L. (1988) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.145.11.1351 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Bibliotherapy in unipolar depression: A meta-analysis
Cuijpers, P. (1997) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0005-7916(97)00005-0 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Stigma, depression, and somatization in South India
Raguram, R., Weiss, M. G., Channabasavanna, S. M., & Devins, G. M. (1996) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.153.8.1043 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Community Knowledge of Mental Illness and Reaction to Mentally Ill People
Wolff, G., Pathare, S., Craig, T., & Leff, J. (1996) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.168.2.191 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Jorm, A. F., Korten, A. E., Jacomb, P. A., Rodgers, B., Pollitt, P., Christensen, H., & Henderson, S. (1997) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.171.3.233 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Self-citationPublic beliefs about causes and risk factors for depression and schizophrenia
Jorm, A. F., Korten, A. E., Jacomb, P. A., Christensen, H. M., Rodgers, B., & Pollitt, P. A. (1997) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/bf00794613 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Self-citationPublic attitude towards psychiatric treatment
Angermeyer, M. C., & Matschinger, H. (1996) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09868.x · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Whom to ask for help in case of a mental disorder? Preferences of the lay public
Angermeyer, M. C., Matschinger, H., & Riedel-Heller, S. G. (1999) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s001270050134 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
The Use of Mental Health Services in Ontario: Epidemiologic Findings
Lin, E. H. B., Goering, P. N., Offord, D. R., Campbell, D., & Boyle, M. H. (1996) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674379604100905 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Reasons for depression and the process and outcome of cognitive-behavioral psychotherapies.
Addis, M., & Jacobson, N. (1996) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.64.6.1417 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Reasons for depression and the process and outcome of cognitive-behavioral psychotherapies.
Addis, M. E., & Jacobson, N. S. (1996) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.64.6.1417 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Compliance becomes concordance
Mullen, P. D. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7082.691 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Violent Behavior by Individuals With Serious Mental Illness
Torrey, E. F. (1994) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.45.7.653 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Outcomes of recognized and unrecognized depression in an international primary care study
Simon, G. E., Goldberg, D. P., Tiemens, B. G., & Üstün, T. B. (1999) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0163-8343(98)00072-3 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Belief in supernatural causes of mental illness among Malay patients: impact on treatment
Salleh, M. R., Khan, U., & Hasanah, C. I. (1996) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09854.x · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Public Education for Community Care
Wolff, G., Pathare, S., Craig, T., & Leff, J. (1996) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.168.4.441 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Homicidal Maniacs and Narcissisfic Parasites: Stigmatization of Mentally Ill Persons in the Movies
Hyler, S. E., Gabbard, G. O., & Schneider, I. (1991) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.42.10.1044 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Angermeyer, M. C., & Matschinger, H. (1996) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/bf00783420 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Goldberg, D. P., Privett, M., Ustun, B., Simon, G., & Linden, M. (1998) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Alem, A., Jacobsson, L. H., Araya, M., Kebede, D., & Kullgren, G. (1999) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb10693.x · Cited by 160 · see citing works
(2000) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511543562 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Physical activity and depression: clinical experience
Martinsen, E. W. (1994) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb05797.x · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Coping Behaviors That Mediate Between Life Events and Depression
Parker, G. B. (1982) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290120022004 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Esters, I. G., Cooker, P. G., & Ittenbach, R. F. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Belief systems of the general public concerning the appropriate treatments for mental disorders
Jorm, A. F., Korten, A. E., Rodgers, B., Pollitt, P. A., Jacomb, P. A., Christensen, H. M., & Jiao, Z. (1997) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/bf00789141 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citationJorm, A. F., Angermeyer, M., & Katschnig, H. (2000) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511543562.032 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citationJacob, K. S., Bhugra, D., Lloyd, K. R., & MANN, A. H. (1998) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/014107689809100204 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Caldwell, T., & Jorm, A. F. (2000) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00750.x · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationGeneral practitioners' detection of depression and dementia in elderly patients
Bowers, J., Jorm, A. F., Henderson, S., & Harris, P. (1990) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1990.tb136858.x · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationJorm, A. F., Christensen, H., Medway, J., Korten, A. E., Jacomb, P. A., & Rodgers, B. (2000) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s001270050230 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citationMental Illness Depictions in Prime-Time Drama: Identifying the Discursive Resources
Wilson, C., Nairn, R., Coverdale, J., & Panapa, A. (1999) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1614.1999.00543.x · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Factors affecting service utilization for depression in a white collar population
Dew, M. A., Bromet, E. J., Schulberg, H. C., PARKINSON, D. K., & Curtis, E. (1991) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/bf00788971 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Public attitudes to depression: a national survey
McKeon, P., & Carrick, S. (1991) · Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0790966700015020 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Angermeyer, M. C., Daumer, R. D., & Matschinger, H. (1993) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/s-2007-1014354 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Relatives' beliefs about the causes of schizophrenia
Angermeyer, M. C., & Matschinger, H. (1996) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1996.tb10632.x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Lay beliefs about the causes of mental disorders: a new methodological approach
Matschinger, H., & Angermeyer, M. C. (1996) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/bf00783418 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Evaluation of a Mental Illness Awareness Week program in public schools
Battaglia, J., Coverdale, J., & Bushong, C. P. (1990) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.147.3.324 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Nairn, R. (1999) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.1999.00587.x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
(1999) · KARGER eBooks · doi:10.1159/isbn.978-3-318-00412-0 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Violent attacks on public figures by persons suffering from psychiatric disorders
Angermeyer, M. C., & Matschinger, H. (1995) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/bf02193089 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Jacobs, D. G. (1995) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/10673229509017181 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Scaling the helpfulness of antidepressive activities
Rippere, V. (1979) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(79)90060-3 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The effect of diagnostic labelling on the lay theory regarding schizophrenic disorders
Angermeyer, M. C., & Matschinger, H. (1996) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/bf00783419 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Social Representations of Mental Illness among the Public
Angermeyer, M. C., & Matschinger, H. (1999) · KARGER eBooks · doi:10.1159/000062703 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Lay Theories of Psychotherapy III: Comparing the Ratings of Lay Persons and Clinical Psychologists
Furnham, A. F., Wardley, Z., & Lillie, F. (1992) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872679204500805 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Determining Factors and the Effects of Attitudes towards Psychotropic Medication
Fischer, W., Goerg, D., Zbinden, E., & Guim�n, J. (1999) · KARGER eBooks · doi:10.1159/000062693 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Hillert, A., Sandman, J., Ehmig, S. C., Weissbecker, H., Kepplinger, H. M., & Benkert, O. (1999) · KARGER eBooks · doi:10.1159/000062682 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Recognition of depression and anxiety in primary care
Herrán, A., Vázquez‐Barquero, J. L., Dunn, G., Johnston, T., & Talbot, P. S. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7197.1558 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The Image of Mental Illness in Switzerland
Br�ndli, H. (1999) · KARGER eBooks · doi:10.1159/000062683 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Public Education for Community Care: A New Approach
Wolff, G., Pathare, S., Craig, T., & Leff, J. (1999) · KARGER eBooks · doi:10.1159/000062687 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Early intervention and prevention in schizophrenia--experiences from a study in Stavanger, Norway.
Johannessen, J. O. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Images in psychiatry. Rauwolfia serpentina: the first herbal antipsychotic
Bhatara, V. S., Sharma, J. N., Gupta, S. K., & Gupta, Y. K. (1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.7.894 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A systematic approach to evaluation of care: The Cochrane Collaboration
Adams, C. E. (1995) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(95)00005-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Impact of Mental Illness Stigma on Seeking and Participating in Mental Health Care
Corrigan, P. W., Druss, B. G., & Perlick, D. A. (2014) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1177/1529100614531398 · Cited by 1,642 · see citing works
Barriers to mental health treatment: results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys
Andrade, L. H., Alonso, J., Mneimneh, Z., Wells, J. E., Al-Hamzawi, A., Borges, G., Bromet, E., Bruffaerts, R., de Girolamo, G., de Graaf, R., et al. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713001943 · Cited by 1,289 · see citing works
Measuring Mental Illness Stigma
Link, B. G., Yang, L. H., Phelan, J. C., & Collins, P. Y. (2004) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007098 · Cited by 1,400 · see citing works
Poverty, depression, and anxiety: Causal evidence and mechanisms
Ridley, M., Rao, G., Schilbach, F., & Patel, V. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aay0214 · Cited by 1,220 · see citing works
Angermeyer, M. C., & Dietrich, S. (2005) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00699.x · Cited by 1,159 · see citing works
Aalbers, S., Fusar-Poli, L., Freeman, R. E., Spreen, M., Ket, J. C., Vink, A. C., Maratos, A., Crawford, M., Chen, X.-J., & Gold, C. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004517.pub3 · Cited by 838 · see citing works
Perceived Need and Help-Seeking in Adults With Mood, Anxiety, or Substance Use Disorders
Mojtabai, R., Olfson, M., & Mechanic, D. (2002) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.1.77 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
National Service Framework for Mental Health
Thornicroft, G. (2000) · Psychiatric Bulletin · doi:10.1192/pb.24.6.203 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
STIGMA: BARRIER TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE AMONG ETHNIC MINORITIES
GARY, F. A. (2005) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840500280638 · Cited by 615 · see citing works
The Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS): A New Scale-Based Measure of Mental Health Literacy
O’Connor, M., & Casey, L. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.064 · Cited by 605 · see citing works
Stigma and mental health professionals: A review of the evidence on an intricate relationship
Schulze, B. (2007) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260701278929 · Cited by 591 · see citing works
Help-seeking behaviour in men and women with common mental health problems: cross-sectional study
Oliver, M. I., Pearson, N., Coe, N., & Gunnell, D. (2005) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.186.4.297 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Prejudice and schizophrenia: a review of the ‘mental illness is an illness like any other’ approach
Read, J., Haslam, N., Sayce, L., & Davies, E. (2006) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00824.x · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Conceptual measurement framework for help-seeking for mental health problems
Rickwood, D., & Thomas, K. A. (2012) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s38707 · Cited by 543 · see citing works
Attitudes of Mental Health Professionals Toward People With Schizophrenia and Major Depression
Nordt, C., Wulf Rössler, A., & Lauber, C. (2005) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbj065 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Workplace mental health: developing an integrated intervention approach
LaMontagne, A. D., Martin, A. J., Page, K. M., Reavley, N. J., Noblet, A. J., Milner, A. J., Keegel, T. G., & Smith, P. M. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-131 · Cited by 516 · see citing works
Kvaale, E. P., Haslam, N., & Gottdiener, W. H. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.06.002 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Predictors of depression stigma
Griffiths, K. M., Christensen, H., & Jorm, A. F. (2008) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-8-25 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Self-citationKitchener, B. A., & Jorm, A. F. (2002) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-2-10 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Self-citationDifferences in Lifetime Use of Services for Mental Health Problems in Six European Countries
Kovess–Masféty, V., Alonso, J., Brugha, T. S., Angermeyer, M. C., Haro, J. M., Sevilla‐Dedieu, C., & the ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000 Investigators (2007) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.58.2.213 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Patients' preferences in the treatment of depressive disorder in primary care
van Schaik, D. J. F., Klijn, A. F. J., van Hout, H. P. J., van Marwijk, H. W. J., Beekman, A. T. F., de Haan, M., & van Dyck, R. (2004) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2003.12.001 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Shortfall in mental health service utilisation
Andrews, G., Issakidis, C., & Carter, G. (2001) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.179.5.417 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Development and psychometric properties of the Mental Health Knowledge Schedule
Evans-Lacko, S., Little, K., Meltzer, H., Rose, D., Rhydderch, D., Henderson, C., & Thornicroft, G. (2010) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371005500707 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Public awareness, attitudes and beliefs regarding intellectual disability: a systematic review
Scior, K. (2011) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2011.07.005 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Knox, K. L., Litts, D. A., Talcott, G. W., Feig, J. C., & Caine, E. D. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7428.1376 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Gulliver, A., Griffiths, K. M., Christensen, H., & Brewer, J. L. (2012) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-12-81 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Mental Disorders Stigma in the Media: Review of Studies on Production, Content, and Influences
Klin, A., & Lemish, D. (2008) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730802198813 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Maratos, A., Gold, C., Wang, X., & Crawford, M. (2008) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004517.pub2 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Treatment of suicidal people around the world
Bruffaerts, R., Demyttenaere, K., Hwang, I., Chiu, W.-T., Sampson, N., Kessler, R. C., Alonso, J., Borges, G., de Girolamo, G., de Graaf, R., et al. (2011) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.084129 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Hanlon, C., Luitel, N. P., Kathree, T., Murhar, V., Shrivasta, S., Medhin, G., Ssebunnya, J., Fekadu, A., Shidhaye, R., Petersen, I., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088437 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Stigma and its impact on help-seeking for mental disorders: what do we know?
Schomerus, G., & Angermeyer, M. C. (2008) · Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale · doi:10.1017/s1121189x00002669 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Byrow, Y., Pajak, R., Specker, P., & Nickerson, A. (2020) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101812 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Li, X., & Liu, Q. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/19684 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Do online mental health services improve help-seeking for young people? A systematic review
Kauer, S. D., Mangan, C., & Sanci, L. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.3103 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Mental health literacy in Pakistan: a narrative review
Begum, R., Choudhry, F. R., Khan, T. M., Bakrin, F. S., Al‐Worafi, Y. M., & Munawar, K. (2019) · Mental Health Review Journal · doi:10.1108/mhrj-08-2019-0026 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Influence of Gender on Mental Health Literacy in Young Australians
Cotton, S., Wright, A., Harris, M., Jorm, A. F., & McGorry, P. D. (2006) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01885.x · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Self-citationYoung Men, Help-Seeking, and Mental Health Services: Exploring Barriers and Solutions
Lynch, L., Long, M., & Moorhead, A. (2018) · American Journal of Men's Health · doi:10.1177/1557988315619469 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Avoidance of Counseling: Psychological Factors That Inhibit Seeking Help
Vogel, D. L., Wester, S. R., & Larson, L. M. (2007) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2007.tb00609.x · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Biogenetic explanations and stigma: A meta-analytic review of associations among laypeople
Kvaale, E. P., Gottdiener, W. H., & Haslam, N. (2013) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.07.017 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Wrigley, S., Jackson, H. J., Judd, F. K., & Komiti, A. (2005) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01612.x · Cited by 298 · see citing works
de Leeuw, A., Happé, F., & Hoekstra, R. A. (2020) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2276 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
The Nuances of Health Literacy, Nutrition Literacy, and Food Literacy
Velardo, S. (2015) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2015.04.328 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Kantor, V., Knefel, M., & Lueger-Schuster, B. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.12.001 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Mental Health Literacy: A Review of What It Is and Why It Matters
Furnham, A. F., & Swami, V. (2018) · International Perspectives in Psychology · doi:10.1037/ipp0000094 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Prins, M. A., Verhaak, P. F. M., Bensing, J. M., & van der Meer, K. (2008) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.02.009 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Causal beliefs and attitudes to people with schizophrenia
Angermeyer, M. C., & Matschinger, H. (2005) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.186.4.331 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Kitchener, B. A., & Jorm, A. F. (2004) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-4-23 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Self-citationPublic awareness campaigns about depression and suicide: a review
Dumesnil, H., & Verger, P. (2009) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.2009.60.9.1203 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Public beliefs about treatment and outcome of mental disorders: a comparison of Australia and Japan
Jorm, A. F., Nakane, Y., Christensen, H. M., Yoshioka, K., Griffiths, K. M., & Wata, Y. (2005) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-3-12 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Self-citationCalear, A. L., Batterham, P. J., & Christensen, H. M. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.06.027 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
WPA guidance on how to combat stigmatization of psychiatry and psychiatrists
Sartorius, N., Gäebel, W., Cleveland, H.-R., Stuart, H. L., AKIYAMA, T., Arboleda‐Flórez, J., Baumann, A. E., Gureje, O., JORGE, M. R., Kastrup, M. C., et al. (2010) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2010.tb00296.x · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Correlates of Suicide Stigma and Suicide Literacy in the Community
Batterham, P. J., Calear, A. L., & Christensen, H. M. (2013) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12026 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Ho, B., Andreasen, N. C., Flaum, M. A., Nopoulos, P., & Miller, D. D. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.808 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Mental Health Literacy in Secondary Schools
Kutcher, S., Bagnell, A. L., & Wei, Y. (2014) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2014.11.007 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Early detection strategies for untreated first-episode psychosis
Johannessen, J. O., McGlashan, T. H., Larsen, T. K., Horneland, M., Joa, I., Mardal, S., Kvebæk, R., Friis, S., Melle, I. S., Opjordsmoen, S., et al. (2001) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(01)00237-7 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Effectiveness of complementary and self‐help treatments for depression
Jorm, A. F., Christensen, H. M., Griffiths, K. M., & Rodgers, B. (2002) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04508.x · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Self-citationMitchison, D., & Mond, J. (2015) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-015-0058-y · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Breslin, G., Shannon, S., Haughey, T., Donnelly, P., & Leavey, G. (2017) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-017-0568-6 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Milin, R., Kutcher, S., Lewis, S. P., Walker, S., Wei, Y., Ferrill, N., & Armstrong, M. A. (2016) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.02.018 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Setting the stage: from prodrome to treatment resistance in bipolar disorder
Berk, M., Conus, P., Lucas, N., Hallam, K. T., Malhi, G. S., Dodd, S., Yatham, L. N., Yung, A. R., & McGorry, P. D. (2007) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2007.00484.x · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Research on Mental Health Literacy: What we know and what we Still Need to know
Jorm, A. F., Barney, L. J., Christensen, H. M., Highet, N. J., Kelly, C., & Kitchener, B. A. (2006) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01734.x · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Self-citationColes, M. E., Ravid, A., Gibb, B., George-Denn, D., Bronstein, L. R., & McLeod, S. (2016) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.09.017 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Pattyn, E., Verhaeghe, M., Sercu, C., & Bracke, P. (2013) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201200561 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
A biopsychosocial model as a guide for psychoeducation and treatment of depression
Schotte, C., Bossche, B. V. D., Doncker, D. D., Claes, S. J., & Cosyns, P. R. (2006) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20177 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Jorm, A. F., Christensen, H., & Griffiths, K. M. (2006) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01738.x · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Self-citationMental Health First Aid: an international programme for early intervention
Kitchener, B. A., & Jorm, A. F. (2008) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7893.2007.00056.x · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Self-citationTreatment rates for alcohol use disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Mekonen, T., Chan, G. C. K., Connor, J., Hall, W., Hides, L., & Leung, J. (2021) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15357 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Reid, S. C., Kauer, S. D., Hearps, S. J., Crooke, A. H., Khor, A. S., Sanci, L. A., & Patton, G. C. (2011) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/1471-2296-12-131 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Coles, M. E., & Coleman, S. L. (2010) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20620 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Measuring mental health of the Dutch population: a comparison of the GHQ-12 and the MHI-5.
Hoeymans, N., Garssen, A. A., Westert, G. P., & Verhaak, P. F. M. (2004) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-2-23 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Wright, A., McGorry, P., Harris, M., Jorm, A. F., & Pennell, K. (2006) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-215 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Self-citationMental health literacy and mental health status in adolescents: a population-based survey
Lam, L. T.-M. (2014) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1753-2000-8-26 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Ma, K. K. Y., Anderson, J., & Burn, A. (2022) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/camh.12543 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Mental health stigma and mental health knowledge in Chinese population: a cross-sectional study
Yin, H., Wardenaar, K. J., Xu, G., Tian, H., & Schoevers, R. A. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02705-x · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Aloud, N., & Rathur, A. (2009) · Journal of Muslim Mental Health · doi:10.1080/15564900802487675 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Health literacy: A concept/dimensional analysis
Mancuso, J. M. (2008) · Nursing and Health Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1442-2018.2008.00394.x · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Economic barriers to better mental health practice and policy
Knapp, M. (2006) · Health Policy and Planning · doi:10.1093/heapol/czl003 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Enhancing mental health literacy in young people
Kutcher, S., Wei, Y., Costa, S., Gusmão, R. M., Skokauskas, N., & Sourander, A. (2016) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-016-0867-9 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., & Bhugra, D. K. (2022) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2022.2040450 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Fonseca, A., Gorayeb, R., & Canavarro, M. C. (2015) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2015.09.002 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Indian psychiatric epidemiological studies: Learning from the past
Math, S., & Srinivasaraju, R. (2010) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/0019-5545.69220 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Stigma toward people with mental health problems in Indonesia
Hartini, N., Nawangsari, N. A. F., Ariana, A. D., & Wardana, N. D. (2018) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s175251 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Taylor-Rodgers, E., & Batterham, P. J. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.06.047 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Perry, Y., Petrie, K., Buckley, H., Cavanagh, L., Clarke, D., Winslade, M., Hadzi‐Pavlovic, D., Manicavasagar, V., & Christensen, H. (2014) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.08.001 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Coppens, E., Audenhove, C. V., Scheerder, G., Arensman, E., Coffey, C., Costa, S., Koburger, N., Gottlebe, K., Gusmão, R. M., O’Connor, R. C., et al. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.04.013 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Mental health literacy, stigma, and help-seeking behaviors among male college students
Rafal, G., Gatto, A., & DeBate, R. D. (2018) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2018.1434780 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Recognition of depression and psychosis by young Australians and their beliefs about treatment
Wright, A., Harris, M., Jorm, A. F., Cotton, S., Harrigan, S., McGorry, P., Wiggers, J., & Hurworth, R. (2005) · Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2005.tb06881.x · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Self-citationDementia literacy: Recognition and beliefs on dementia of the Australian public
Low, L., & Anstey, K. J. (2008) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2008.03.011 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Promoting Mental Health Literacy Among Educators
Whitley, J., Smith, J. D., & Vaillancourt, T. (2013) · Canadian Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1177/0829573512468852 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Komiti, A., Judd, F., & Jackson, H. (2006) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-006-0089-4 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Bauer, A. M., Chen, C.-N., & Alegría, M. (2010) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0b013e3181f80749 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Lintvedt, O. K., Griffiths, K. M., Sørensen, K., Østvik, A. R., Wang, C. E. A., Eisemann, M., & Waterloo, K. (2013) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.770 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Armstrong, G., Kermode, M., Raja, S., Suja, S., Chandra, P. S., & Jorm, A. F. (2011) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/1752-4458-5-17 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Self-citationMagliano, L., Fiorillo, A., Rosa, C. D., Malangone, C., & Maj, M. (2004) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370404900508 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Let's Not Talk About It: Suicide Inquiry in Primary Care
Feldman, M. D., Franks, P. J., Duberstein, P. R., Vannoy, S. D., Epstein, R. M., & Kravitz, R. L. (2007) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.719 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
O'Reilly, C. L., Bell, J. S., Kelly, P. J., & Chen, T. F. (2011) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/00048674.2011.585454 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Mueller, B., Nordt, C., Lauber, C., Rüesch, P., Meyer, P. C., & Wulf Rössler, A. (2005) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.05.014 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Mental health literacy programs for school teachers: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Yamaguchi, S., Foo, J. C., Nishida, A., Ogawa, S., Togo, F., & Sasaki, T. (2019) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12793 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Mental health literacy: focus on developing countries
Ganasen, K. A., Parker, S., Hugo, C., Stein, D. J., Emsley, R. A., & Seedat, S. (2008) · African Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4314/ajpsy.v11i1.30251 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Sisask, M., Värnik, P., Värnik, A., Apter, A., Balázs, J., Bálint, M., Bobes, J., Brunner, R. M., Corcoran, P. E., Cosman, D. C. M., et al. (2013) · Health Education Journal · doi:10.1177/0017896913485742 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
- Authors
- Jorm, A. F.
- Affiliations
- Australian National University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Jorm, A. F.
- ORCID
- Jorm, A. F.
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2000-11
- Volume
- 177
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 396-401
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W1861568580
- Cited by
- 2,114
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 107 · 2025: 118 · 2024: 113 · 2023: 148 · 2022: 138 · 2021: 120 · 2020: 91 · 2019: 102 · 2018: 83 · 2017: 84 · 2016: 100 · 2015: 87 · 2014: 100 · 2013: 106 · 2012: 84
- FWCI
- 4.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Literacy and Information Accessibility
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mental Health and Patient Involvement
- Keywords
- mental health literacy, mental disorder recognition, psychological distress, help-seeking, attitudes toward mental illness, mental health information, self-help
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Public Opinion, Self Care
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
