Increased heart rate variability but no effect on blood pressure from 8 weeks of hatha yoga - a pilot study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Yoga exercises are known to decrease stress and restore autonomic balance. Yet knowledge about the physiological effects of inversion postures is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of inversion postures (head below the heart) on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV). METHODS: Twelve healthy women and men took part in an 8-week yoga program (60 min once a week). BP was measured with an automatic Omron mx3 oscillometric monitoring device and HRV with a Holter 24-hour ECG at baseline and 8 weeks after the intervention. RESULTS: There was no significant effect of inversion postures on BP. Nine out of 12 participants showed a significant increase in HRV (p < 0.05) at night (2 hours) on pNN50% (12.7 ± 12.5 to 18.2 ± 13.3). There were no significant changes in other HRV measures such as NN50, LF, HF, LF/HF ratio, LF normalized units (n.u.), HF n.u. and RMSSD. CONCLUSION: Eight weeks of hatha yoga improved HRV significantly which suggests an increased vagal tone and reduced sympathetic activity.
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Hatha Yoga and Iyengar Yoga, closely related styles that encourage attention to breathing, have been demonstrated to increase parasympathetic tone in healthy populations.
“in a pilot study, Hatha Yoga and Iyengar Yoga, closely related styles that encourage attention to breathing, have been demonstrated to increase parasympathetic tone in healthy populations (Papp et al., 2013).”
From Maladaptive autonomic regulation in PTSD accelerates physiological aging (2015) · cites this paper as Papp et al., 2013
The Discussion reports significantly increased heart-rate variability after eight weeks of hatha yoga in healthy, previously inactive participants, suggesting greater parasympathetic control. The Conclusions caution that larger studies are needed to confirm effects on the autonomic nervous system. The paper does not establish an effect for Iyengar yoga or describe it as closely related to hatha yoga. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBoth yoga and physical activity increase HRV.
“Both yoga and physical activity increase HRV [65,66]”
From A randomized controlled trial of yoga vs nonaerobic exercise for veterans with PTSD: Understanding efficacy, mechanisms of change, and mode of delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [65]
Specific poses (e.g., inversions) may foster these changes as well.
“and specific poses (e.g., inversions [65]; may foster these changes as well”
From A randomized controlled trial of yoga vs nonaerobic exercise for veterans with PTSD: Understanding efficacy, mechanisms of change, and mode of delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [65]
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Bernotienė, G., Razón, S., Daunoravičienė, A., Vainoras, A., & Slapšinskaitė, A. (2020) · Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences · doi:10.33607/bjshs.v4i115.817
Acute Response of Heart Rate of Pregnant Women to Aerobic Dance Exercise
Daniel, J. A., Okoli, S. C., Mbakwe, E. I., Udoaku, A. A., & Nzeribe, E. A. (2021) · Journal of Biosciences and Medicines · doi:10.4236/jbm.2021.910010
The Anatomical, Physiological and Neurochemical Correlates of Yoga
Rathore, M. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-6913-2_6
Gireesh, G. R., & Chacko, L. K. (2025) · Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU · doi:10.25259/jhs-2024-5-23-r3-(1394
BODY PRACTICES FOR CORRECTION OF STRESS DISORDERS: A CURRENT STATE, WORLD PRACTICE AND KEY TRENDS
Smyrnov, V. V., & Ladyhina, О. V. (2025) · Ukrainian Psychological Journal · doi:10.17721/upj.2025.2(24).8
Machado, A. D. T., Rojo, M., Ochiai, M. E., Serro-Azul, J. B. C. C. D., Filho, W. J., & Guimarães, G. V. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2026-119579
- Authors
- Papp, M. E., Lindfors, P., Storck, N., & Wändell, P. E.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Saint Göran Hospital (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Wändell, Per E
- Venue
- BMC Research Notes
- Published
- 2013-02-11
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 59-59
- ISSN
- 1756-0500 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3599360
- OpenAlex
- W2046271802
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 3.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- BMC Research Notes (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- hatha yoga, heart rate variability, blood pressure, autonomic nervous system, vagal tone, sympathetic activity, 24-hour ECG
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Pressure, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects
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