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Ticks and associated pathogens collected from dogs and cats in Belgium
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Although Ixodes spp. are the most common ticks in North-Western Europe, recent reports indicated an expanding geographical distribution of Dermacentor reticulatus in Western Europe. Recently, the establishment of a D. reticulatus population in Belgium was described. D. reticulatus is an important vector of canine and equine babesiosis and can transmit several Rickettsia species, Coxiella burnetii and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), whilst Ixodes spp. are vectors of pathogens causing babesiosis, borreliosis, anaplasmosis, rickettsiosis and TBEV. METHODS: A survey was conducted in 2008-2009 to investigate the presence of different tick species and associated pathogens on dogs and cats in Belgium. Ticks were collected from dogs and cats in 75 veterinary practices, selected by stratified randomization. All collected ticks were morphologically determined and analysed for the presence of Babesia spp., Borrelia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Rickettsia DNA. RESULTS: In total 2373 ticks were collected from 647 dogs and 506 cats. Ixodes ricinus (76.4%) and I. hexagonus (22.6%) were the predominant species. Rhipicephalus sanguineus (0.3%) and D. reticulatus (0.8%) were found in low numbers on dogs only. All dogs infested with R. sanguineus had a recent travel history, but D. reticulatus were collected from a dog without a history of travelling abroad. Of the collected Ixodes ticks, 19.5% were positive for A. phagocytophilum and 10.1% for Borrelia spp. (B. afzelii, B. garinii, B. burgdorferi s.s., B. lusitaniae, B. valaisiana and B. spielmanii). Rickettsia helvetica was found in 14.1% of Ixodes ticks. All Dermacentor ticks were negative for all the investigated pathogens, but one R. sanguineus tick was positive for Rickettsia massiliae. CONCLUSION: D. reticulatus was confirmed to be present as an indigenous parasite in Belgium. B. lusitaniae and R. helvetica were detected in ticks in Belgium for the first time.
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“The spectrum of detected pathogens was compatible to those reported recently in dog-associated ticks collected in Germany, Italy, Belgium and Poland [20–23].”
From Tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from dogs, Latvia, 2011–2016 (2019) · cites this paper as [22]
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“Interestingly, in studies of pet-associated ticks, Rickettsia spp. was detected in 18.4 and 14.1% of Ixodes ticks in Italy and Belgium, respectively, while over 50% of I. ricinus were positive for Rickettsia spp. in Poland and Germany; also, Dermacentor ticks were pathogen-negative in Belgium, but 39% of D. reticulatus were found to be Rickettsia–positive in the study in Germany [20–23].”
From Tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from dogs, Latvia, 2011–2016 (2019) · cites this paper as [22]
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Lv, J., Wu, S., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., Feng, C., Yuan, X., Jia, G., Deng, J., Wang, C., Wang, Q., et al. (2014) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-93 · Cited by 360
Dermacentor reticulatus: a vector on the rise
Földvári, G., Široký, P., Szekeres, S., Majoros, G., & Sprong, H. (2016) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1599-x · Cited by 285
Parasites of domestic owned cats in Europe: co-infestations and risk factors
Beugnet, F., Bourdeau, P. J., Chalvet‐Monfray, K., Cozma, V., Farkas, R., Guillot, J., Halos, L., Joachim, A., Losson, B., Miró, G., et al. (2014) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-291 · Cited by 199
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Cull, B., Pietzsch, M. E., Hansford, K. M., Gillingham, E. L., & Medlock, J. M. (2018) · Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.01.011 · Cited by 89
Metadata
- Authors
- Claerebout, E., Losson, B., Cochez, C., Casaert, S., Dalemans, A.-C., De Cat, A., Madder, M., Saegerman, C., Heyman, P., & Lempereur, L.
- Affiliations
- Ghent University (BE)
- University of Liège (BE)
- Queen Astrid Military Hospital (BE)
- Bayer (Belgium) (BE)
- University of Pretoria (ZA)
- Corresponding author
- Claerebout, Edwin
- Venue
- Parasites & Vectors
- Published
- 2013-06-19
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 183-183
- ISSN
- 1756-3305 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3688525
- OpenAlex
- W2145640364
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 11.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Parasites & Vectors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Liège) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Universiteit Utrecht
- Univerza v Ljubljani
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Bartonella species infections research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral Infections and Vectors
- Keywords
- tick-borne pathogens, Dermacentor reticulatus, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes hexagonus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, dogs, cats, Rickettsia helvetica, Borrelia, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia massiliae, tick-borne encephalitis virus, babesiosis, borreliosis, anaplasmosis, Rickettsia, Belgium
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Babesia, Belgium, Borrelia, Cat Diseases, Cats, Dog Diseases, Dogs, Female, Male, Rickettsia, Tick Infestations, Ticks, Anaplasma phagocytophilum
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