Cited by 120Vector-borne infectious diseasesBartonella species infections researchViral Infections and Vectors

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Ticks and associated pathogens collected from dogs and cats in Belgium

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Claerebout, Edwin, Losson, Bertrand, Cochez, Christel, Casaert, Stijn, Dalemans, Anne-Catherine, De Cat, Ann, Madder, Maxime, Saegerman, Claude, Heyman, Paul, Lempereur, Laetitia·2013·Parasites & Vectors

DOI 10.1186/1756-3305-6-183PMC PMC3688525

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Although Ixodes spp. are the most common ticks in North-Western Europe, recent reports indicated an expanding geographical distribution of Dermacentor reticulatus in Western Europe. Recently, the establishment of a D. reticulatus population in Belgium was described. D. reticulatus is an important vector of canine and equine babesiosis and can transmit several Rickettsia species, Coxiella burnetii and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), whilst Ixodes spp. are vectors of pathogens causing babesiosis, borreliosis, anaplasmosis, rickettsiosis and TBEV. METHODS: A survey was conducted in 2008-2009 to investigate the presence of different tick species and associated pathogens on dogs and cats in Belgium. Ticks were collected from dogs and cats in 75 veterinary practices, selected by stratified randomization. All collected ticks were morphologically determined and analysed for the presence of Babesia spp., Borrelia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Rickettsia DNA. RESULTS: In total 2373 ticks were collected from 647 dogs and 506 cats. Ixodes ricinus (76.4%) and I. hexagonus (22.6%) were the predominant species. Rhipicephalus sanguineus (0.3%) and D. reticulatus (0.8%) were found in low numbers on dogs only. All dogs infested with R. sanguineus had a recent travel history, but D. reticulatus were collected from a dog without a history of travelling abroad. Of the collected Ixodes ticks, 19.5% were positive for A. phagocytophilum and 10.1% for Borrelia spp. (B. afzelii, B. garinii, B. burgdorferi s.s., B. lusitaniae, B. valaisiana and B. spielmanii). Rickettsia helvetica was found in 14.1% of Ixodes ticks. All Dermacentor ticks were negative for all the investigated pathogens, but one R. sanguineus tick was positive for Rickettsia massiliae. CONCLUSION: D. reticulatus was confirmed to be present as an indigenous parasite in Belgium. B. lusitaniae and R. helvetica were detected in ticks in Belgium for the first time.

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Figure 1 Distribution of selected veterinary practices and presence of an indigenous Dermacentor reticulatus population (red dot) in Belgium.CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 2 Distribution of Ixodes ticks positive for Borrelia spp. in Belgium (infection rates and numbers of ticks submitted per municipality).CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 3 Distribution of Ixodes ticks positive for A. phagocytophilum in Belgium (infection rates and numbers of ticks submitted per municipality).CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 4 Distribution of Ixodes ticks positive for R. helvetica in Belgium (infection rates and numbers of ticks submitted per municipality).CC BY · PubMed Central

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Authors: Claerebout, E., Losson, B., Cochez, C., Casaert, S., Dalemans, A.-C., De Cat, A., Madder, M., Saegerman, C., Heyman, P., & Lempereur, L.
Affiliations: Ghent University (BE)
University of Liège (BE)
Queen Astrid Military Hospital (BE)
Bayer (Belgium) (BE)
University of Pretoria (ZA)
Corresponding author: Claerebout, Edwin
ORCID: Claerebout, Edwin
Madder, Maxime
Saegerman, Claude
Lempereur, Laetitia
Venue: Parasites & Vectors
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2013-06-19
Volume: 6
Issue: 1
Pages: 183-183
ISSN: 1756-3305 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-183
PMC: PMC3688525
OpenAlex: W2145640364
Cited by: 119
References: 50
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 1
FWCI: 11.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 (tdm)
Locations: Parasites & Vectors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Liège) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Universiteit Utrecht
Univerza v Ljubljani
Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Vector-borne infectious diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Bartonella species infections research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral Infections and Vectors
Keywords: tick-borne pathogens, Dermacentor reticulatus, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes hexagonus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, dogs, cats, Rickettsia helvetica, Borrelia, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia massiliae, tick-borne encephalitis virus, babesiosis, borreliosis, anaplasmosis, Rickettsia, Belgium
MeSH terms: Animals, Babesia, Belgium, Borrelia, Cat Diseases, Cats, Dog Diseases, Dogs, Female, Male, Rickettsia, Tick Infestations, Ticks, Anaplasma phagocytophilum

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Ticks and associated pathogens collected from dogs and cats in Belgium

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