Cited by 285Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsNuclear Receptors and Signaling

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 92 of the 93 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 1 are not checked yet.

The prion hypothesis in Parkinson's disease: Braak to the future

Open access

Visanji, Naomi P, Brooks, Patricia L, Hazrati, Lili-Naz, Lang, Anthony E·2013·Acta Neuropathologica Communications

DOI 10.1186/2051-5960-1-2PMC PMC3776210

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder typified by the presence of intraneuronal inclusions containing aggregated alpha synuclein (αsyn). The progression of parkinsonian pathology and clinical phenotype has been broadly demonstrated to follow a specific pattern, most notably described by Braak and colleagues. In more recent times it has been hypothesized that αsyn itself may be a critical factor in mediating transmission of disease pathology from one brain area to another. Here we investigate the growing body of evidence demonstrating the ability of αsyn to spread transcellularly and induce pathological aggregation affecting neurons by permissive templating and provide a critical analysis of some irregularities in the hypothesis that the progression of PD pathology may be mediated by such a prion-like process. Finally we discuss some key questions that remain unanswered which are vital to determining the potential contribution of a prion-like process to the pathogenesis of PD.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1186/2051-5960-1-2

Cites

92 of 93 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson’s disease
Braak, H., Tredici, K. D., Rüb, U., de Vos, R. A. I., Jansen Steur, E. N. H., & Braak, E. (2003) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(02)00065-9 · Cited by 10,777
Prions
Prusiner, S. B. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.23.13363 · Cited by 5,373
Novel Proteinaceous Infectious Particles Cause Scrapie
Prusiner, S. B. (1982) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6801762 · Cited by 5,221
Pathological α-Synuclein Transmission Initiates Parkinson-like Neurodegeneration in Nontransgenic Mice
Luk, K. C., Kehm, V., Carroll, J., Zhang, B., O’Brien, P., Trojanowski, J. Q., & Lee, V. M.-Y. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1227157 · Cited by 2,563
Conversion of alpha-helices into beta-sheets features in the formation of the scrapie prion proteins.
Pan, K. M., Baldwin, M. A., Nguyen, J. T., Gasset, M., Serban, A. V., Groth, D., Mehlhorn, I., Huang, Z., Fletterick, R. J., & Cohen, F. E. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.23.10962 · Cited by 2,281
Lewy bodies in grafted neurons in subjects with Parkinson's disease suggest host-to-graft disease propagation
Li, J.-Y., Englund, E., Holton, J. L., Soulet, D., Hagell, P., Lees, A. J., Lashley, T., Quinn, N. P., Rehncrona, S., Björklund, A., et al. (2008) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1746 · Cited by 1,845
Lewy body–like pathology in long-term embryonic nigral transplants in Parkinson's disease
Kordower, J. H., Chu, Y., Hauser, R. A., Freeman, T. B., & Olanow, C. W. (2008) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1747 · Cited by 1,722
Idiopathic Parkinson's disease: possible routes by which vulnerable neuronal types may be subject to neuroinvasion by an unknown pathogen
Braak, H., R�b, U., Gai, W. P., & Del Tredici, K. (2003) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-002-0808-2 · Cited by 1,683
Inclusion formation and neuronal cell death through neuron-to-neuron transmission of α-synuclein
Desplats, P., Lee, H.-J., Bae, E.-J., Patrick, C., Rockenstein, E., Crews, L., Spencer, B., Masliah, E., & Lee, S.-J. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0903691106 · Cited by 1,485
Gastric α-synuclein immunoreactive inclusions in Meissner's and Auerbach's plexuses in cases staged for Parkinson's disease-related brain pathology
Braak, H., de Vos, R. A. I., Bohl, J., & Del Tredici, K. (2006) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.11.012 · Cited by 1,354

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 92 references

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 285

Pattern of Reduced Functional Connectivity and Structural Abnormalities in Parkinson’s Disease: An Exploratory Study
Guimarães, R., Santos, M. C. A., Dagher, A., Campos, L. S., de Azevedo, P. C., Piovesana, L. G., de Campos, B. M., Larcher, K. M.-H., Zeighami, Y., Amato-Filho, A., et al. (2017) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2016.00243 · Cited by 35
Nanotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases
Huang, M., Gu, X. Q., & Gao, X. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814001-7.00013-5 · Cited by 34
The Appendix in Parkinson’s Disease: From Vestigial Remnant to Vital Organ?
Killinger, B. A., & Labrie, V. (2019) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-191703 · Cited by 36
Phosphorylated α-Synuclein Accumulations and Lewy Body-like Pathology Distributed in Parkinson’s Disease-Related Brain Areas of Aged Rhesus Monkeys Treated with MPTP
Huang, B., Wu, S., Wang, Z., Ge, L., Rizak, J. D., Wu, J., Li, J., Xu, L., Lv, L., Yin, Y., et al. (2018) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.03.026 · Cited by 33
Enriched Environmental Conditions Modify the Gut Microbiome Composition and Fecal Markers of Inflammation in Parkinson’s Disease
Singh, Y., El-Hadidi, M. S., Admard, J., Wassouf, Z., Schulze-Hentrich, J. M., Kohlhofer, U., Quintanilla‐Martínez, L., Huson, D. H., Rieß, O., & Casadei, N. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.01032 · Cited by 33
Proaggregant nuclear factor(s) trigger rapid formation of α-synuclein aggregates in apoptotic neurons
Jiang, P., Gan, M., Yen, S.-H. C., Moussaud, S., McLean, P. J., & Dickson, D. W. (2016) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-016-1542-4 · Cited by 32
Cynomolgus Monkeys With Spontaneous Type-2-Diabetes-Mellitus-Like Pathology Develop Alpha-Synuclein Alterations Reminiscent of Prodromal Parkinson’s Disease and Related Diseases
Sun, Y., Guo, C., Yuan, L., Li, W., Wang, Z., Yue, F., & Li, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00063 · Cited by 30
The NLRP3 inflammasome as a bridge between neuro-inflammation in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases
Söderbom, G., & Zeng, B. (2020) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2020.03.023 · Cited by 32
Specificity of Adaptive Immune Responses in Central Nervous System Health, Aging and Diseases
Rickenbach, C., & Gericke, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.806260 · Cited by 33
Brain-gut-microbiota axis in Parkinson’s disease: A historical review and future perspective
Dong, S., Sun, M., He, C. H., & Cheng, H. (2022) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.02.015 · Cited by 32
Neurophysiology of the brain stem in Parkinson’s disease
Bove, C., & Travagli, R. A. (2019) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00056.2019 · Cited by 33
Neuromelanin accumulation drives endogenous synucleinopathy in non-human primates
Chocarro, J., Rico, A. J., Ariznabarreta, G., Roda, E., Honrubia, A., Collantes, M., Peñuelas, I., Vázquez, A., Rodriguez-Perez, A. I., Labandeira-García, J. L., et al. (2023) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awad331 · Cited by 30
Gut–Brain Axis: Potential Factors Involved in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease
Chao, Y., Gulam, M. Y., Chia, N. S. J., Feng, L., Rötzschke, O., & Tan, E. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00849 · Cited by 32
Is Parkinson’s Disease Truly a Prion-Like Disorder? An Appraisal of Current Evidence
Chauhan, A., & Jeans, A. F. (2015) · Neurology Research International · doi:10.1155/2015/345285 · Cited by 34
Neuropathology of Parkinson’s Disease
Jellinger, K. A. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08046-8_2 · Cited by 31
Differences in the gut microbiome across typical ageing and in Parkinson's disease
Nuzum, N. D., Szymlek‐Gay, E. A., Loke, S., Dawson, S. L., Teo, W., Hendy, A. M., Loughman, A., & Macpherson, H. (2023) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109566 · Cited by 32
The peripheral nerve involvement in Parkinson Disease: A multifaceted phenomenon
Cossu, G., & Melis, M. (2016) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.01.026 · Cited by 30
Brain MRI Reveals Ascending Atrophy in Parkinson's Disease Across Severity
Blair, J. C., Barrett, M. J., Patrie, J. T., Flanigan, J. L., Sperling, S. A., Elias, W. J., & Druzgal, T. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.01329 · Cited by 29
Cell–Cell Communication Alterations via Intercellular Signaling Pathways in Substantia Nigra of Parkinson’s Disease
Huang, M., Xu, L., Liu, J., Huang, P., Tan, Y., & Chen, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.828457 · Cited by 31
Latest concept of L ewy body disease
Kosaka, K. (2014) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12179 · Cited by 28
Lysosomal stress drives the release of pathogenic α-synuclein from macrophage lineage cells via the LRRK2-Rab10 pathway
Abe, T., Kuwahara, T., Suenaga, S., Sakurai, M., Takatori, S., & Iwatsubo, T. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.108893 · Cited by 28
Gut–Brain Axis in Focus: Polyphenols, Microbiota, and Their Influence on α-Synuclein in Parkinson’s Disease
Riegelman, E., Xue, K. S., Wang, J.-S., & Tang, L. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16132041 · Cited by 29
Post-COVID-19 Parkinsonism and Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis: The Exosomal Cargo Hypothesis
Mysiris, D. S., Vavougios, G. D., Karamichali, E., Papoutsopoulou, S., Stavrou, V. T., Papayianni, E., Boutlas, S., Mavridis, T., Foka, P., Zarogiannis, S. G., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23179739 · Cited by 25
Infectivity versus Seeding in Neurodegenerative Diseases Sharing a Prion-Like Mechanism
Fernández‐Borges, N., Eraña, H., Elezgarai, S. R., Harrathi, C., Gayosso, M., & Castilla, J. (2013) · International Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1155/2013/583498 · Cited by 26
The Two Faces of Exosomes in Parkinson’s Disease: From Pathology to Therapy
Izco, M., Carlos, E., & Alvarez‐Erviti, L. (2021) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858421990001 · Cited by 25
P. mirabilis-derived pore-forming haemolysin, HpmA drives intestinal alpha-synuclein aggregation in a mouse model of neurodegeneration
Huh, E., Choi, J. G., Choi, Y., Ju, I. G., Kim, B., Shin, Y.-J., An, J. M., Park, M. G., Yim, S. V., Chung, S. J., et al. (2023) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104887 · Cited by 24
Lesion of medullary catecholaminergic neurons is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction in rotenone‐induced Parkinson's disease rats
Zhang, Z., Du, X., Xu, H., Xie, J., & Jiang, H. F. (2015) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.13012 · Cited by 25
Role of Sporadic Parkinson Disease Associated Mutations A18T and A29S in Enhanced α-Synuclein Fibrillation and Cytotoxicity
Kumar, S., Jangir, D. K., Kumar, R., Kumari, M., Bhavesh, N. S., & Maiti, T. K. (2017) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00430 · Cited by 23
Dementia and vagotomy in Taiwan: a population-based cohort study
Lin, S.-Y., Lin, C., Wang, I., Lin, C., Lin, C., Hsu, W., & Kao, C. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019582 · Cited by 24
Brain mediators of systemic oxidative stress on perceptual impairments in Parkinson’s disease
Lin, W., Chou, K., Lee, P., Huang, Y., Tsai, N., Chen, H.-L., Cheng, K., Wang, H., Lin, T., Li, S.-H., et al. (2015) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0749-9 · Cited by 22
Parkinson’s Disease: A Prionopathy?
Vascellari, S., & Manzin, A. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22158022 · Cited by 26
Does gut brain axis has an impact on Parkinson’s disease (PD)?
Elangovan, A., Dahiya, B., Kirola, L., Iyer, M., Jeeth, P., Maharaj, S., Kumari, N., Lakhanpal, V., Michel, T. M., Rao, K. R. S. S., et al. (2023) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2023.102171 · Cited by 22
An update on new-age potential biomarkers for Parkinson’s disease
Soni, R., Mathur, K., & Shah, J. (2024) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2024.102208 · Cited by 21
Proteomics as a new paradigm to tackle Parkinson’s disease research challenges
Licker, V., & Burkhard, P. R. (2014) · Translational Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.trprot.2014.08.001 · Cited by 21
New therapeutic approaches to target alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease: The role of immunotherapy
Fernández‐Valle, T., Gabilondo, I., & Gómez‐Esteban, J. C. (2019) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2019.06.014 · Cited by 22
The Gut Brain-Axis in Neurological Diseases
Barbosa, P., & Barbosa, E. R. (2020) · International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences · doi:10.36660/ijcs.20200039 · Cited by 20
Mechanistic Insight from Preclinical Models of Parkinson’s Disease Could Help Redirect Clinical Trial Efforts in GDNF Therapy
Delgado-Minjares, K. M., Martínez‐Fong, D., Martínez-Dávila, I. A., Bañuelos, C., Gutiérrez-Castillo, M. E., Blanco-Álvarez, V. M., Cárdenas‐Aguayo, M. D. C., Luna‐Muñoz, J., Pacheco‐Herrero, M., & Soto-Rojas, L. O. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222111702 · Cited by 20
Parkinson’s Disease and the Metal–Microbiome–Gut–Brain Axis: A Systems Toxicology Approach
Forero-Rodríguez, L. J., Josephs‐Spaulding, J., Flor, S., Pinzón, A. M., & Kaleta, C. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11010071 · Cited by 23
Biofluid Markers for Prodromal Parkinson's Disease: Evidence From a Catecholaminergic Perspective
Vermeiren, Y., Hirschberg, Y., Mertens, I., & Deyn, P. P. D. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00595 · Cited by 19
Methodological Issues in Randomized Clinical Trials for Prodromal Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease
Aquino, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.694329 · Cited by 20
What Is Our Understanding of the Influence of Gut Microbiota on the Pathophysiology of Parkinson’s Disease?
Hill, A. E., Wade‐Martins, R., & Burnet, P. W. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.708587 · Cited by 19
Deciphering Intertwined Molecular Pathways Underlying Metabolic Syndrome Leading to Parkinson’s Disease
Soni, R., & Shah, J. (2022) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00165 · Cited by 19
The gastrointestinal tract and Parkinson’s disease
Higinbotham, A. S., & Kilbane, C. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1158986 · Cited by 22
Lysosomal response in relation to α-synuclein pathology differs between Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy
Puska, G., Lutz, M. I., Molnár, K., Regelsberger, G., Ricken, G., Pirker, W., László, L., & Kovács, G. G. (2018) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2018.02.019 · Cited by 20
Brain Connectivity Networks Constructed Using MRI for Predicting Patterns of Atrophy Progression in Parkinson Disease
Basaia, S., Agosta, F., Sarasso, E., Balestrino, R., Stojković, T., Stanković, I., Tomić, A., Marković, V., Vignaroli, F., Stefanova, E. D., et al. (2024) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.232454 · Cited by 18
α-Synuclein in the colon and premotor markers of Parkinson disease in neurologically normal subjects
Kim, J., Park, I.-S., Park, H.-E., Kim, S., Yun, J. A., Jung, C. K., Sung, H.-Y., Lee, J., & Kang, W. K. (2016) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-016-2745-0 · Cited by 18
Key Points Concerning Amyloid Infectivity and Prion-Like Neuronal Invasion
Espargaró, A., Busquets, M. A., Estelrich, J., & Sabaté, R. (2016) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2016.00029 · Cited by 18
Is Multiple System Atrophy a Prion-like Disorder?
Jellinger, K. A., Wenning, G. K., & Stefanova, N. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms221810093 · Cited by 19
Uncovering Novel Therapeutic Targets for Parkinson’s Disease
Soni, R., Delvadia, P., Joharapurkar, A. A., & Shah, J. (2023) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00084 · Cited by 17
From the Gut to the Brain: Is Microbiota a New Paradigm in Parkinson’s Disease Treatment?
Vilela, C., Araújo, B., Soares-Guedes, C., Caridade-Silva, R., Martins‐Macedo, J., Teixeira, C., Gomes, E. D., Prudêncio, C., Vieira, M., & Teixeira, F. G. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13090770 · Cited by 18
Extracellular Alpha-Synuclein Promotes a Neuroinhibitory Secretory Phenotype in Astrocytes
Vieira, B. D. M., Radford, R. A. W., Hayashi, J., Eaton, E. D., Greenaway, B., Jambas, M., Petcu, E. B., Chung, R. S., & Pountney, D. L. (2020) · Life · doi:10.3390/life10090183 · Cited by 16
Prion-like propagation of α-synuclein in the gut-brain axis
Chen, Y., Shao, Q.-H., Yuan, Y., & Chen, N. (2018) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.06.002 · Cited by 15
New players in basal ganglia dysfunction in Parkinson's disease
Meoni, S., Cury, R. G., & Moro, E. (2020) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.01.001 · Cited by 15
The interplay between α-synuclein aggregation and necroptosis in Parkinson’s disease: a spatiotemporal perspective
Xiang, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1567445 · Cited by 18
The endothelial surface layer-glycocalyx - Universal nano-infrastructure is fundamental to physiology, cell traffic and a complementary neural network
Ninham, B. W., Bunkin, N. F., & Battye, M. (2025) · Advances in Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.cis.2025.103401 · Cited by 15
Retina-to-brain spreading of α-synuclein after intravitreal injection of preformed fibrils
Pérez-Acuña, D., Rhee, K. H., Shin, S. J., Ahn, J., Lee, J., & Lee, S. (2023) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-023-01575-0 · Cited by 14
Status and future directions of clinical trials in Parkinson's disease
Söderbom, G. (2020) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2020.02.009 · Cited by 14
Gastric Enteric Glial Cells: A New Contributor to the Synucleinopathies in the MPTP-Induced Parkinsonism Mouse
Heng, Y., Li, Y., Wen, L., Yan, J., Chen, N., & Yuan, Y. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27217414 · Cited by 15
Subcellular Parkinson’s Disease-Specific Alpha-Synuclein Species Show Altered Behavior in Neurodegeneration
Abdullah, R., Patil, K. S., Rosen, B., Pal, R., Prabhudesai, S. N., Lee, S., Basak, I., Hoedt, E., Yang, P. H., Panick, K., et al. (2016) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-016-0266-8 · Cited by 14
Chronic nigral neuromodulation aggravates behavioral deficits and synaptic changes in an α-synuclein based rat model for Parkinson’s disease
Torre-Muruzabal, T., Devoght, J., den Haute, C. V., Brône, B., der Perren, A. V., & Baekelandt, V. (2019) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-019-0814-3 · Cited by 13
A review on neurodegeneration in the fast-ageing killifish, the first animal model to study the natural occurrence of neuronal cell loss
Bergmans, S., Raes, L., Moons, L., & Groef, L. D. (2023) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2023.102065 · Cited by 14
Biology, Pathology, and Targeted Therapy of Exosomal Cargoes in Parkinson’s Disease: Advances and Challenges
Almasi, F., Abbasloo, F., Soltani, N., Dehbozorgi, M., Fard, A. M., Kiani, A., Ghasemzadeh, N., Mesgari, H., Hosseingholi, E. Z., Payandeh, Z., et al. (2025) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-025-04788-7 · Cited by 12
Dihydroisotanshinone I and BMAL-SIRT1 Pathway in an In Vitro 6-OHDA-Induced Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Su, H., Sun, Y., Yang, M., Wu, C., & Hsu, C. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241311088 · Cited by 11
Couldα-Synuclein Amyloid-Like Aggregates Trigger a Prionic Neuronal Invasion?
Busquets, M. A., Espargaró, A., Estelrich, J., & Sabaté, R. (2015) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2015/172018 · Cited by 11
An update on potential therapeutic strategies for Parkinson’s disease based on pathogenic mechanisms
Shen, T., Pu, J., Si, X., Ye, R., & Zhang, B. (2016) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2016.1179112 · Cited by 11
Unveiling the significance of synaptic proteins in parkinson's pathogenesis: A review
Soni, R., & Shah, J. (2025) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140789 · Cited by 10
Levodopa pharmacokinetics -from stomach to brain : A study on patients with Parkinson’s disease
Nord, M. (2017) · Linköping University medical dissertations · doi:10.3384/diss.diva-136560 · Cited by 10
Imaging of α-Synuclein Aggregates in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease Using Raman Microspectroscopy
Sevgi, F., Brauchle, E., Berrio, D. A. C., Schenke‐Layland, K., Casadei, N., Salker, M. S., Rieß, O., & Singh, Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.664365 · Cited by 10
α-Synuclein Exhibits Differential Membrane Perturbation, Nucleation, and TLR2 Binding through Its Secondary Structure
Kumari, M., Hanpude, P., & Maiti, T. K. (2020) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00480 · Cited by 10
Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Potential Mechanism Mediating Cardiac Comorbidities in Parkinson’s Disease
Torres, A. S., Lee, J.-E., Caporali, A., Semple, R. K., Horrocks, M. H., & MacRae, V. E. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252010973 · Cited by 9
La maladie de Parkinson est-elle une maladie à prion ?
Brandel, J., Corbillé, A.-G., Derkinderen, P., & Haı̈k, S. (2015) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2015.10.005 · Cited by 13
Opportunities for Conformation-Selective Antibodies in Amyloid-Related Diseases
Westwood, M., & Lawson, A. D. G. (2015) · Antibodies · doi:10.3390/antib4030170 · Cited by 9
Are we ready for a biological diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease?
Cimmino, A. T., Lazzaro, G. D., Pisani, A., Bentivoglio, A. R., & Calabresi, P. (2025) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-025-08076-z · Cited by 11
Synuclein and Parkinson’s Disease: An Update
Jellinger, K. A. (2013) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781849737357-00175 · Cited by 9
The substantia nigra modulates proximal colon tone and motility in a vagally‐dependent manner in the rat
Xing, T., Nanni, G., Burkholder, C. R., Browning, K. N., & Travagli, R. A. (2023) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp284238 · Cited by 10
Novel Nasal Epithelial Cell Markers of Parkinson’s Disease Identified Using Cells Treated with α-Synuclein Preformed Fibrils
Kim, H., Kang, S., Jo, Y. M., Park, S., Yun, S. P., Lee, Y., Kim, H.-T., Lee, N., Kim, Y., Cho, S. H., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9072128 · Cited by 8
The intestinal luminal sources of α-synuclein: a gastroenterologist perspective
Lerner, A. (2021) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuab024 · Cited by 9
Data-driven, cross-sectional image-based subtyping and staging of brain volumetric changes in Parkinson's disease
Park, G., Ha, J., Lee, J. S., Ahn, J. H., Cho, J. W., Seo, S. W., Youn, J., & Kim, H. (2025) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2025.106970 · Cited by 7
Perspective: Current Pitfalls in the Search for Future Treatments and Prevention of Parkinson's Disease
Poortvliet, P. C., O’Maley, K. A., Silburn, P. A., & Mellick, G. D. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00686 · Cited by 7
Association between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Subsequent Development of Restless Legs Syndrome and Parkinson’s Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 35,988 Primary Care Patients in Germany
Loosen, S. H., Yaqubi, K., May, P., Konrad, M., Gollop, C., Luedde, T., Kostev, K., & Roderburg, C. (2023) · Life · doi:10.3390/life13040897 · Cited by 7
Characterization of the Basic Membrane Properties of Neurons of the Rat Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the Vagus in Paraquat-Induced Models of Parkinsonism
Bove, C., Coleman, F. H., & Travagli, R. A. (2019) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.048 · Cited by 7
Autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: Results from the Faroese Parkinson's disease cohort
Berg, A., Bech, S., Aasly, J. O., Farrer, M. J., & Petersen, M. S. (2022) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136789 · Cited by 7
Exploring Intrinsic Disorder in Human Synucleins and Associated Proteins
Venati, S. R., & Uversky, V. N. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25158399 · Cited by 6
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as a Psychobiotic Strategy Targeting Parkinson’s Disease: A Review and Mechanistic Insights
Chen, W.-L., Deng, F.-S., & Tsai, Y.-C. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17193047 · Cited by 8
A personalised and comprehensive approach is required to suppress or replenish SNCA for Parkinson’s disease
Li, D., Yau, W. Y., Chen, S., Wilton, S. D., & Mastaglia, F. L. (2025) · npj Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1038/s41531-025-00887-3 · Cited by 7
Targeting the microbiota-mitochondria crosstalk in neurodegeneration with senotherapeutics
Homolak, J. (2023) · Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology · doi:10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.02.018 · Cited by 8
The mycobiota-gut-brain axis in Parkinson's disease: A review on what we know and what paths we can still take to advance this field of study
Neto, D. P. A., & Sant’Ana, A. S. (2023) · Fungal Biology Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.fbr.2023.100327 · Cited by 6
An update on cellular and molecular determinants of Parkinson's disease with emphasis on the role of the retromer complex
Macías‐Calvio, V., Fuentealba, L., & Marzolo, M. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.24675 · Cited by 7
The effect of subthalamic deep brain stimulation on autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease: clinical and electrophysiological evaluation
Yavaşoğlu, N. G., & Çomoğlu, S. S. (2021) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1080/01616412.2021.1942409 · Cited by 6
A co‐expression network based molecular characterization of genes responsive for Braak stages in Parkinson's disease
Düz, E., & Çakır, T. (2022) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.15653 · Cited by 5
Environmental pollutants and alpha-synuclein toxicity in Parkinson’s disease
Roy, S., Kakoty, V., Sahebkar, A., Md, S., & Kesharwani, P. (2024) · Pathology - Research and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.prp.2024.155605 · Cited by 5
In situ amplification of α-synuclein amyloid fibril reveals a distinct polymorph related to Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy body
Cao, T., Zhao, Q., Yao, Y., Liu, K., Tao, Y., Lv, S., Gao, F., Shen, Y., Ma, C., Qiu, W., et al. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116564 · Cited by 5
Broad proteomics analysis of seeding-induced aggregation of α-synuclein in M83 neurons reveals remodeling of proteostasis mechanisms that might contribute to Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis
Lumpkin, C. J., Patel, H., Potts, G. K., Chaurasia, S., Gibilisco, L., Srivastava, G. P., Lee, J. Y., Brown, N. J., Amarante, P., Williams, J. D., et al. (2024) · Molecular Brain · doi:10.1186/s13041-024-01099-1 · Cited by 5
Current clinical approaches in neurodegenerative diseases
Gago, M. F., Machado, Á. S., & Rocha, S. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818084-6.00004-0 · Cited by 5
MRI Epicenters Differentiate Spatiotemporal Patterns of Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease
Duanmu, X., Zhu, Z., Wen, J., Qin, J., Zheng, Q., Yuan, W., Jin, Y., Lu, N., Wang, L., Zhou, C., et al. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202511289 · Cited by 4
MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL RELACIONADA A DOENÇA DE PARKINSON
da Silva, C. F., Azevedo, G. E., & Taketani, N. F. (2021) · Revista Ensaios Pioneiros · doi:10.24933/rep.v5i1.235 · Cited by 4
Interplay of alpha-synuclein pathology and gut microbiome in Parkinson’s disease
Srivastava, A., Kataria, A., Yadav, D. K., Han, I., & Choi, E. H. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91313-3.00003-9 · Cited by 4
Ion channel dysregulation and cellular adaptations to alpha-synuclein in stressful pacemakers of the parkinsonian brainstem
Chiu, W., Wattad, N., & Goldberg, J. A. (2024) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108683 · Cited by 4
Neuroprotective effects of a cannabidiol nanoemulsion in a rotenone-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease: Insights into the gut-brain axis
dos Santos, J. C. C., de Aquino, P. E. A., Martins, C. S., Sallem, C. C., Guizardi, M. P. P., Noleto, F. M., Zampieri, D., Ricardo, N. M. P. S., de Brito, D. H. A., Silveira, E. R., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2025.177748 · Cited by 4
Is gut microbiota associated with Parkinson’s disease?
Tyakht, A., Alifirova, V. M., Жукова, Н. Г., Жукова, Ю. А., Latypova, A. V., Izhboldina, O., Петров, В. А., Mironova, Y. S., Titova, M. A., Никитина, М. А., et al. (2016) · Bulletin of Siberian Medicine · doi:10.20538/1682-0363-2016-5-134-146 · Cited by 4

Authors: Visanji, N. P., Brooks, P. L., Hazrati, L.-N., & Lang, A. E.
Affiliations: Toronto Western Hospital (CA)
University of Toronto (CA)
Corresponding author: Lang, Anthony E
ORCID: Visanji, Naomi P
Hazrati, Lili-Naz
Lang, Anthony E
Venue: Acta Neuropathologica Communications
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2013-05-08
Volume: 1
Issue: 1
Pages: 2-2
ISSN: 2051-5960 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-1-2
PMC: PMC3776210
OpenAlex: W2159340140
Cited by: 278
References: 92
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 5
FWCI: 2.69
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Acta Neuropathologica Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
TSpace (University of Toronto) (submittedVersion)
eScholarship@McGill (McGill) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, prion hypothesis, alpha-synuclein, prion-like propagation, templating, Braak staging, neurodegeneration, alpha-synuclein aggregation, disease progression
MeSH terms: Animals, Humans, Models, Neurological, Parkinson Disease, Prions, Severity of Illness Index

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The prion hypothesis in Parkinson's disease: Braak to the future

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks