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Associations between sensory processing and electrophysiological and neurochemical measures in children with ASD: an EEG-MRS study
Open accessAbstract
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with hyper- and/or hypo-sensitivity to sensory input. Spontaneous alpha power, which plays an important role in shaping responsivity to sensory information, is reduced across the lifespan in individuals with ASD. Furthermore, an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance has also been linked to sensory dysfunction in ASD and has been hypothesized to underlie atypical patterns of spontaneous brain activity. The present study examined whether resting-state alpha power differed in children with ASD as compared to TD children, and investigated the relationships between alpha levels, concentrations of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, and atypical sensory processing in ASD. Methods: Participants included thirty-one children and adolescents with ASD and thirty-one age- and IQ-matched typically developing (TD) participants. Resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) was used to obtain measures of alpha power. A subset of participants (ASD = 16; TD = 16) also completed a magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) protocol in order to measure concentrations of excitatory (glutamate + glutamine; Glx) and inhibitory (GABA) neurotransmitters. Results: Children with ASD evidenced significantly decreased resting alpha power compared to their TD peers. MRS estimates of GABA and Glx did not differ between groups with the exception of Glx in the temporal-parietal junction. Inter-individual differences in alpha power within the ASD group were not associated with region-specific concentrations of GABA or Glx, nor were they associated with sensory processing differences. However, atypically decreased Glx was associated with increased sensory impairment in children with ASD. Conclusions: Although we replicated prior reports of decreased alpha power in ASD, atypically reduced alpha was not related to neurochemical differences or sensory symptoms in ASD. Instead, reduced Glx in the temporal-parietal cortex was associated with greater hyper-sensitivity in ASD. Together, these findings may provide insight into the neural underpinnings of sensory processing differences present in ASD.
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“A different study combining EEG and MRS showed reduced glutamine in the temporal–parietal cortex associated with greater hypersensibility to sensory input detection (Pierce et al. 2021).”
From Autism Spectrum Disorder and auditory sensory alterations: a systematic review on the integrity of cognitive and neuronal functions related to auditory processing (2023) · cites this paper as Pierce et al. 2021
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“Given that auditory-related gamma and alpha powers also seem to be altered in ASD subjects along development (Port et al. 2016; Pierce et al. 2021; Stefano et al. 2019), it would be interesting to assess these measures together with social, cognitive, and language abilities, as potential predictors of later outcomes in ASD.”
From Autism Spectrum Disorder and auditory sensory alterations: a systematic review on the integrity of cognitive and neuronal functions related to auditory processing (2023) · cites this paper as Pierce et al. 2021
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“a mixed pattern of hypo- and hyper-sensitivity to sensory input [3].”
BackgroundA multimodal cortical network for the detection of changes in the sensory environment
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Gonçalves, A. M., & Monteiro, P. (2023) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-023-02595-9 · Cited by 88
Halliday, A. R., Vucic, S. N., Georges, B., LaRoche, M., Mendoza Pardo, M. A., Swiggard, L. O., McDonald, K., Olofsson, M., Menon, S. N., Francis, S. M., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1474003 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Pierce, S., Kadlaskar, G., Edmondson, D. A., McNally Keehn, R., Dydak, U., & Keehn, B.
- Affiliations
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Keehn, Brandon
- Venue
- Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Published
- 2021-01-06
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-5
- ISSN
- 1866-1947 (ISSN-L)
- 1866-1955
- PMC
- PMC7788714
- OpenAlex
- W3119381096
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 3.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R21 MH114095)
- NIH Office of the Director (S10 OD012336)
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (#209257)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, sensory processing, glutamate, glutamine, GABA, excitatory-inhibitory imbalance, sensory hypersensitivity, temporal-parietal cortex, children
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adolescent, Child, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Perception
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