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The associations between screen time-based sedentary behavior and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Background: The use of computers/TV has become increasingly common worldwide after entering the twenty-first century and depression represents a growing public health burden. Understanding the association between screen time-based sedentary behavior (ST-SB) and the risk of depression is important to the development of prevention and intervention strategies. Methods: We searched the electronic databases of Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library. The odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was adopted as the pooled measurement. Subgroup analyses were investigated by stratified meta-analyses based on age, gender and reference group (reference category of screen time, e.g. 2 h/day, 4 h/day). Results: There were 12 cross-sectional studies and 7 longitudinal studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the pooled OR was 1.28 with high heterogeneity (I 2 = 89%). Compared to those who reported less SB, persons reporting more SB had a significantly higher risk of depression. When the gender was stratified, the pooled OR was 1.18 in female groups while no significant association was observed in males. Among the 19 studies, 5 studies used a reference group with ST = 2 h/days (pooled OR = 1.46), 9 studies used ≥4 h as a reference group (pooled OR = 1.38), 2 studies used 1 h as a reference group (pooled OR = 1.07) and for the remaining 3 studies, hours of ST were calculated as a continuous variable (pooled OR = 1.04). Conclusions: ST-SB is associated with depression risk and the effects vary in different populations. In addition, valid objective measures of SB should be developed in future studies.
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“More screen time has been associated with depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in several systematic reviews [11, 12, 43–50].”
From Screen time and mental health: a prospective analysis of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (2024) · cites this paper as [49]
In the citing paper
“The results of the current review largely align with past systematic reviews, which have concluded that there is a positive association between screen time and depressive symptoms (Hoare et al., 2016;Liu et al., 2016;Stiglic & Viner, 2019;Wang et al., 2019), and a weak association between screen time and both anxiety and self-esteem (Stiglic & Viner, 2019).”
From The relationship between screen time and mental health in young people: A systematic review of longitudinal studies (2021) · cites this paper as Wang et al., 2019
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wang, X., Li, Y., & Fan, H.
- Affiliations
- Shanxi Medical University (CN)
- Southern Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Xiao
- Fan, Haoliang
- Venue
- BMC Public Health
- Published
- 2019-11-14
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1524-1524
- ISSN
- 1471-2458 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6857327
- OpenAlex
- W2988909975
- Cited by
- 299
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 14
- FWCI
- 3.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Technology Plans to Youth R&D Innovation (QCXM201705)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Keywords
- screen time, sedentary behavior, depression, depression risk, gender differences, reference groups, television viewing, computer use
- MeSH terms
- Screen Time, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Computers, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Television, Exercise, Young Adult, Sedentary Behavior
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