Psychological correlates of COVID-19 pandemic in the Austrian population
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Abstract
Background: COVID-19 poses the greatest challenge for the entire world since the Second World War. Governments are forced to define strict measures to avoid the spreading of the virus, which may further impose psychological burden for the majority of the population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychological distress in Austria during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: From 25 March to 3 April 2020, an anonymous online survey was conducted. Target group included all members of the Austrian population older than 16 years. The survey addressed the following areas (1) and sociodemographic data, (2) physical and mental health; (3) knowledge and concerns about COVID-19; (4) contact with infected people; (5) prevention efforts; (6) need for further information. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used to assess mental health. Analyses were based on 4126 individuals (74% female, age: M = 38.68, SD = 13.36). Results: 43.3% rated the psychological impact as moderate (5.6%) or severe (37.7%). 26.5% reported moderate (13.3%) to severe (13.2%) depression; 20.3% moderate (8.9%) to severe (11.4%) anxiety and 21.2% reported to suffer from moderate (10.5%) or severe stress (10.7%). Being female, higher age, lower levels of education, concern about family members, internet as main source of information, student or pupil status, poor self-rated health, and downplaying the seriousness of the problem were significantly associated with higher psychological burden. Protective factors were the possibility to work in home office, frequent (indirect) contact with family or friends, the availability of virus-specific information, confidence in the diagnosis capability, and physical activity during the crisis. Conclusion: This study is among the first in Europe on the psychological correlates of the COVID-19 pandemic. 37.7% of the Austrian study population reported a severe psychological impact on the event and 1 in 10 is considered to suffer from severe depression, anxiety or stress. The present findings inform about the identification of protective factors, psychologically vulnerable groups and may guide the development of psychological interventions.
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Undergraduate students in lockdown suffered increasing severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms, manifested in poorer sleep quality, poorer academic performance and increased suicidal thoughts.
“undergraduate students in lockdown, namely that they suffered increasing severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms [48], manifested in poorer sleep quality, poorer academic performance and increased suicidal thoughts in the university populations [49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58].”
From Relationships between psychopathology, psychological process variables, and sociodemographic variables and comparison of quarantined and non-quarantined groups of malaysian university students in the covid-19 pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as [57]
The Results (Associations with sociodemographic variables; page unavailable) associate student status with higher depression and stress than employed status, and more time at home with higher anxiety and depression across respondents. The paper does not establish increasing symptoms over time or higher anxiety specifically among undergraduates. The sleep, academic-performance, and suicidal-thoughts clause is cited to other sources, not this one. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Assessment of Cancer Patients’ Mental Health during the Coronavirus Pandemic in Serbia
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SINTOMAS DE DEPRESSÃO EM PROFISSIONAIS DE ENFERMAGEM DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
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Sports and the Pandemic: The Impact of COVID-19 on Active Living and Life Satisfaction of Climbers
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STRESS, ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION AMONG RADIOGRAPHY STUDENTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
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Understanding the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students
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Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among General Public of India During Post-COVID-19 Second Wave
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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Greek adults: a cross-sectional surveyPreprint
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COVID-19 Salgınının Üniversite Çalışanlarında Ruhsal Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri
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- Authors
- Traunmüller, C., Stefitz, R., Gaisbachgrabner, K., & Schwerdtfeger, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Graz (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Traunmüller, Claudia
- Venue
- BMC Public Health
- Published
- 2020-09-14
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1395-1395
- ISSN
- 1471-2458 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7487438
- OpenAlex
- W3085291668
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 6
- FWCI
- 10.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Unipub UB Graz (Universität Graz) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Communication › Communication and COVID-19 Impact
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, psychological distress, depression, anxiety, stress, mental health, Austrian population, protective factors, vulnerable populations, working from home, psychological intervention
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, Adult, Anxiety, Austria, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Stress, Psychological, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics
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