Relationship between satisfaction with mental health services, personal recovery and quality of life among service users with psychosis: a cross-sectional study
Open accessAbstract
Background: Mental health policy internationally emphasizes patient centredness and personal recovery. This study investigated the relationship between satisfaction with mental health services among service users with psychosis in Norway, and personal recovery, perceived support for personal recovery, and quality of life. Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from 292 service users diagnosed with psychosis from 39 clinical sites across Norway. Satisfaction with services was assessed using the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8. A linear mixed model was estimated to explore the relationship between satisfaction with services and preselected covariates, and to control for confounding factors. Results: A large majority of participants (89%) reported moderate-to-high levels of satisfaction. Satisfaction with services was positively associated with perceived support for personal recovery, but not with personal recovery or quality of life. In addition, service users under a Community Treatment Order (CTO) were significantly less satisfied than those who were not. Conclusions: Satisfaction levels among service users were higher compared with similar, international studies. Those who feel supported in their personal recovery were more satisfied with the care they receive, which support the need for implementation of recovery-oriented practices for service users with psychosis. However, satisfaction with services was not related to service user-rated quality of life or level of personal recovery; thus, more follow-up studies are needed. The lower satisfaction of service users placed under CTOs shows the importance of targeted interventions to improve satisfaction with services among this group. Trial registration: NCT03271242 , date of registration: 5 sept. 2017.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
QPR-15 has high internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity.
“Its psychometric properties, specifically its internal consistency, test re-test reliability, and convergent validity, were found to be high [60, 61].”
From Measuring the Effect of the Early assessment Team (MEET) for patients referred to outpatient mental health care: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (2024) · cites this paper as [61]
The Methods > Measures section describes QPR as a 15-item measure and reports high internal consistency in this sample (Cronbach’s alpha 0.91). It does not report test–retest reliability or convergent validity; its general statement that QPR has adequate psychometric properties does not establish that those two properties are high. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Assessment of client/patient satisfaction: development of a general scale
Larsen, D. L., Attkisson, C. C., Hargreaves, W. A., & Nguyen, T. D. (1979) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/0149-7189(79)90094-6 · Cited by 2,887 · see citing works
Revising axis V for DSM-IV: a review of measures of social functioning
Goldman, H. H., Skodol, A. E., & Lave, T. R. (1992) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.149.9.1148 · Cited by 1,408 · see citing works
Application and Results of the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (Mansa)
Priebe, S., Huxley, P., Knight, S., & Evans, S. (1999) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/002076409904500102 · Cited by 1,071 · see citing works
Generalizability studies of the Global Assessment of Functioning–Split version
Pedersen, G., Hagtvet, K. A., & Karterud, S. (2006) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2006.03.008 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Recovery: an international perspective
Slade, M., Amering, M., & Oades, L. G. (2008) · Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale · doi:10.1017/s1121189x00002827 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Self-citationNeil, S. T., Kilbride, M., Pitt, L., Nothard, S., Welford, M., Sellwood, W., & Morrison, A. P. (2009) · Psychosis · doi:10.1080/17522430902913450 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
White, S. J., Foster, R., Marks, J., Morshead, R., Goldsmith, L. P., Barlow, S. H., Sin, J., & Gillard, S. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02923-3 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
International differences in understanding recovery: systematic review
Slade, M., Leamy, M. C., Bacon, F., Janošik, M., Boutillier, C. L., Williams, J., & Bird, V. J. (2012) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796012000133 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Revised Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale (BASIS-R): Reliability and Validity
Eisen, S. V., Normand, S.-L., Belanger, A. J., Spiro, A., & Esch, D. (2004) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-200412000-00010 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
OECD Reviews of Health Care Quality: Norway 2014
OECD (2014) · OECD reviews of health care quality · doi:10.1787/9789264208469-en · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Psychometric properties of the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery (QPR)
Law, H., Neil, S. T., Dunn, G., & Morrison, A. P. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.011 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Patient-reported outcomes in schizophrenia
McCabe, R., Saidi, M., & Priebe, S. (2007) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.191.50.s21 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Development and evaluation of the INSPIRE measure of staff support for personal recovery
Williams, J., Leamy, M., Bird, V., Le Boutillier, C., Norton, S., Pesola, F., & Slade, M. (2015) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-014-0983-0 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citationAn update on Individual Placement and Support
Bond, G. R., Drake, R. E., & Becker, D. R. (2020) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20784 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Satisfaction with services following voluntary and involuntary admission
Smith, D., Roche, E., O’Loughlin, K., Brennan, D., Madigan, K., Lyne, J., Feeney, L., & O’Donoghue, B. (2014) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.3109/09638237.2013.841864 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Patient satisfaction: a valid index of quality of care in a psychiatric service
Shipley, K., Hilborn, B., Hansell, A., Tyrer, J. P., & Tyrer, P. J. (2000) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.101004330.x · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Ruggeri, M., Lasalvia, A., Bisoffi, G., Thornicroft, G., Vázquez‐Barquero, J. L., Becker, T. M., Knapp, M. R. J., Knudsen, H. C., Schene, A. H., Tansella, M., et al. (2003) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007000 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Cameron, I. M., Cunningham, L. A., Crawford, J., Eagles, J., Eisen, S. V., Lawton, K., Naji, S. A., & Hamilton, R. J. (2006) · International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1080/13651500600885531 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Koivumaa-Honkanen, H. T., Honkanen, R., Antikainen, R., Hintikka, J., & Viinamäki, H. T. (1999) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb07244.x · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Woodward, S., Berry, K., & Bucci, S. (2017) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.03.020 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Recovery, psychosis and psychiatry: research is better than rhetoric
Slade, M., & Hayward, M. (2007) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01047.x · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationMeasuring patient-reported outcomes in psychosis: conceptual and methodological review
Reininghaus, U., & Priebe, S. (2012) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.107615 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Roberts, G. A. (2011) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.080127 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Person-centred mental health care: the challenge of implementation
Gask, L., & Coventry, P. A. (2012) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796012000078 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Assessment and determinants of patient satisfaction with mental health care
Priebe, S., & Miglietta, E. (2019) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20586 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The Roots of the Recovery Movement in Psychiatry, Lessons Learned
Korsbek, L. (2012) · Tidsskrift for psykisk helsearbeid · doi:10.18261/issn1504-3010-2012-01-11 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Survey identifying commonality across international Recovery Colleges
King, T., & Meddings, S. (2019) · Mental Health and Social Inclusion · doi:10.1108/mhsi-02-2019-0008 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Empowerment and satisfaction in a multinational study of routine clinical practice
Clarke, E., Puschner, B., Jordan, H., Williams, P. R., Konrad, J., Kawohl, W., Bär, A. S., Wulf Rössler, A., Vecchio, V. D., Sampogna, G., et al. (2014) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12365 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationA short history of individual placement and support in Norway.
Sveinsdóttir, V. Ó., Bull, H. C., Evensen, S., Rème, S. E., Knutzen, T., & Lystad, J. U. (2019) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.1037/prj0000366 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Egeland, K. M., Ruud, T., Ogden, T., Färdig, R., Lindstrøm, J. C., & Heiervang, K. S. (2017) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-017-0120-z · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationSatisfaction of psychotic patients with care and its value to predict outcomes
Vermeulen, J. M., Schirmbeck, N. F., van Tricht, M. J., & de Haan, L. (2017) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.10.003 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Ratner, Y., Zendjidjian, X. Y., Mendyk, N., Timinsky, I., & Ritsner, M. S. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.027 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Ishii, M., Okumura, Y., Sugiyama, N., Hasegawa, H., Noda, T., Hirayasu, Y., & Ito, H. (2017) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1218-1 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Zahid, M. A., OHAERI, J. U., & Al-Zayed, A. (2010) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-10-294 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Are Users Satisfied with Assertive Community Treatment in Spite of Personal Restrictions?
Lofthus, A.-M., Westerlund, H., Bjørgen, D., Lindstrøm, J. C., Lauveng, A., Clausen, H., Ruud, T., & Heiervang, K. S. (2016) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-016-9994-5 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationHandleiding Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA)
van Nieuwenhuizen, C., Ruijter, E. A. W. J.-D., & Nugter, A. (2017) · Research portal (Tilburg University) · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [25]Attkisson CC, Greenfield TK. The client satisfaction questionnaire (CSQ) scales and the service satisfaction scale-30 (SSS-30). Outcomes Assess Clin Pract. 1996;120(7):402–20.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Shek, D. T. L., Li, X., Yu, L., Lin, L., & Chen, Y. (2022) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-022-10058-8 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Pedersen, H., Havnen, A., Brattmyr, M., Attkisson, C. C., & Lara-Cabrera, M. L. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04281-8 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Roth, C., Wensing, M., Koetsenruijter, J., Ištvanović, A., Novotni, A., Tomcuk, A., Đedović, J., Djurisic, T., Milutinović, M., Kuzman, M. R., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.732111 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The Effect of College Students' Adaptability on Nomophobia: Based on Lasso Regression
Luo, J., Ren, S.-X., Li, Y., & Liu, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.641417 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Brasso, C., Bellino, S., Bozzatello, P., Montemagni, C., Nobili, M. G. A., Sgro, R., & Rocca, P. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12226985 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Maylea, C., Zirnsak, T., Edan, V., Armitage, P., Robert, H., & Brophy, L. M. (2025) · Psychiatry Psychology and Law · doi:10.1080/13218719.2024.2421168 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Alemu, W. G., Mwanri, L., Due, C., Azale, T., & Ziersch, A. M. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06889-y · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Alemu, W. G., Mwanri, L., Due, C., Azale, T., & Ziersch, A. M. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1471297 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Raeburn, T., Chang, C. R., Kuek, J. H. L., & Ndwiga, D. W. (2024) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2024.2385566 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Kvestad, C. A., Holte, I. R., Reitan, S. K., Chiappa, C. S., Helle, G. K., Skjervold, A. E., Rosenlund, A. M. A., Watne, Ø., Brattland, H., Helle, J., et al. (2024) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-024-08028-6 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Its psychometric properties, specifically its internal consistency, test re-test reliability, and convergent validity, were found to be high [60, 61].”
BackgroundFischer, R., Moritz, S., Scheunemann, J., Nagel, M., Osthues, C., Schöttle, D., & Luedecke, D. (2024) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-024-10099-2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Beaudoin, M., Potvin, S., Phraxayavong, K., & Dumais, A. (2023) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm13030522 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Chu, R. S. T., Yau, C. K., Fung, C. C. S., Fung, V. S. C., Lei, J. H. C., Wong, G. H. S., Chan, S. K. W., Lee, E. H. M., Hui, C. L. M., Chen, E. Y. H., et al. (2025) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.10.006 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zaidan, M., Lawson, A., Andrejek, N., Walsh, K., Dennis, C., Meltzer-Brody, S. E., Silver, R. K., Stuebe, A. M., Vigod, S. N., & Singla, D. R. (2025) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-025-04272-y · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The clinical impact of a crisis resolution home treatment team
Crowley, S., McDonagh, S., Carolan, D., & O'Connor, K. (2023) · Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/ipm.2023.45 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lal, C., Haq, M. S. U., Jaleel, F. A., & Jawed, D. N. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.81222 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Matoba, K., Yayama, S., Teshima, T., & Miki, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1624859 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Seierstad, A., Schjøtt-Pedersen, O., Berentzen, L., Bull, H. C., Freeman, D. H., Gardsjord, E. S., Gjerstad, C. L., Lambe, S., Røssberg, J. I., & Lystad, J. U. (2026) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2026.2693804 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ohms, R., Svetičič, J., Ross, M. H., Hartley, N., Worthy, P., & Russell, T. G. (2026) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-026-00717-w · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Public management model for user satisfaction in health centers
Villalva, J. T. T., Llauce, C. T. D. J. C., Moran, G. E. P., Rosado, F. V. M., & Galarza, N. E. S. (2024) · Universidad Ciencia y Tecnología · doi:10.47460/uct.v28ispecial.837 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Psychoeducational group satisfaction in an acute psychiatric hospital
Phillips, A. (2022) · Social Work With Groups · doi:10.1080/01609513.2022.2107599
Bazualdo-Fiorini, E. R., Moisés, C. C., Alvarado, T. W. S., Pajares-Huaripata, E., & Rivera, R. J. C. (2023) · Revista de Climatología · doi:10.59427/rcli/2023/v23cs.1314-1324
Aulia, Y. I., & Asmuji, A. (2023) · Health & Medical Sciences · doi:10.47134/phms.v2i1.69
Mueller‐Stierlin, A. S., Becker, T. M., Bias, N., Hänsel, A., Greve, N., Kohlmann, A., Lehle, J., Majewsky, U., Meixner, F., Prestin, E., et al. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4797653
Alemu, W. G., Mwanri, L., Due, C., Azale, T., & Ziersch, A. M. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7826493/v1
Kvestad, C. A., Holte, I. R., Reitan, S. K., Chiappa, C. S., Helle, G. K., Skjervold, A. E., Rosenlund, A. M. A., Watne, Ø., Brattland, H., Helle, J., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25389458
Matthewson, J., Tyler, E., Haddock, G., & Jones, S. H. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-094141
Alemu, W. G., Mwanri, L., Due, C., Azale, T., & Ziersch, A. M. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-36320-9
Fleury, M., Cao, Z., Grenier, G., & Rahme, E. (2026) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-026-10271-w
Rush, B. R., Taisir, R., & Costello, J. (2026) · Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.josat.2026.209980
Ishii, A., Omiya, T., Deguchi, N. K., & Sankai, T. (2026) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-026-01686-7
Effectiveness of Mental Health Services at Rwamagana Level II Teaching Hospital RwandaPreprint
Iracyahari, E., Bizimana, N., Edith, U. N., Muvunyi, E., Umutoni, C., Uwinema, S., & Niyonkuru, E. H. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10484368/v1
Introducing Nurse Navigators to Improve Pain Management in the Community
Donovan, H., Feustel, E., Coriasco, M., Anderson, J. C., Brown, F. S., Bindler, R. J., & Wilson, M. (2026) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2026.08.004
- Authors
- Skar-Fröding, R., Clausen, H. K., Šaltytė Benth, J., Ruud, T., Slade, M., & Sverdvik Heiervang, K.
- Affiliations
- Akershus University Hospital (NO)
- Innlandet Hospital Trust (NO)
- University of Oslo (NO)
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Skar-Fröding, Regina
- Venue
- BMC Health Services Research
- Published
- 2021-05-08
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 439-439
- ISSN
- 1472-6963 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8105980
- OpenAlex
- W3125937633
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 4.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Health Services Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Helse Sør-Øst RHF (2015106)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mental Health and Patient Involvement
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- personal recovery, quality of life, psychosis, service users, patient-centered care, recovery-oriented care, community treatment orders
- MeSH terms
- Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Mental Health Services, Norway, Personal Health Services, Personal Satisfaction, Psychotic Disorders, Quality of Life, Patient Satisfaction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
