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Cited by 208Diabetes and associated disordersDiabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

Fluctuations in the incidence of type 1 diabetes in the United States from 2001 to 2015: a longitudinal study

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Rogers, Mary A. M., Kim, Catherine, Banerjee, Tanima, Lee, Joyce M.·2017·BMC Medicine
DOI 10.1186/s12916-017-0958-6PMC PMC5688827
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: While the United States has the largest number of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, less is known regarding adult-onset disease. The present study utilizes nationwide data to compare the incidence of type 1 diabetes in youth (0-19 years) to that of adults (20-64 years). METHODS: In this longitudinal study, the Clinformatics® Data Mart Database was used, which contains information from 61 million commercially insured Americans (years 2001-2015). Incidence rates and exact Poisson 95% confidence intervals were calculated by age group, sex, census division, and year of diagnosis. Changes in rates over time were assessed by negative binomial regression. RESULTS: Overall, there were 32,476 individuals who developed type 1 diabetes in the cohort. The incidence rate was greatest in youth aged 10-14 years (45.5 cases/100,000 person-years); however, because adulthood spans over a longer period than childhood, there was a greater number of new cases in adults than in youth (n = 19,174 adults; n = 13,302 youth). Predominance in males was evident by age 10 and persisted throughout adulthood. The male to female incidence rate ratio was 1.32 (95% CI 1.30-1.35). The incidence rate of type 1 diabetes in youth increased by 1.9% annually from 2001 to 2015 (95% CI 1.1-2.7%; P < 0.001), but there was variation across regions. The greatest increases were in the East South Central (3.8%/year; 95% CI 2.0-5.6%; P < 0.001) and Mountain divisions (3.1%/year; 95% CI 1.6-4.6%; P < 0.001). There were also increases in the East North Central (2.7%/year; P = 0.010), South Atlantic (2.4%/year; P < 0.001), and West North Central divisions (2.4%/year; P < 0.001). In adults, however, the incidence decreased from 2001 to 2015 (-1.3%/year; 95% CI -2.3% to -0.4%; P = 0.007). Greater percentages of cases were diagnosed in January, July, and August for both youth and adults. The number of new cases of type 1 diabetes (ages 0-64 years) in the United States is estimated at 64,000 annually (27,000 cases in youth and 37,000 cases in adults). CONCLUSIONS: There are more new cases of type 1 diabetes occurring annually in the United States than previously recognized. The increase in incidence rates in youth, but not adults, suggests that the precipitating factors of youth-onset disease may differ from those of adult-onset disease.

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  • In the USA Clinformatics Data Mart Database for 2001-2015, type 1 diabetes mellitus incidence was 29.2 per 100,000 in those aged 60-64 years, the highest among age groups 20-64 years.

    “A longitudinal study using the Clinformatics Data Mart Database in the USA for 2001–2015 reported an incidence of 29.2 per 100,000 people (95% CI 28.0–30.4) in those aged 60–64 years15; no data were available for ages above 64 years. The incidence was highest in the oldest age group (60–64 years) out of all age groups for ages 20–64 years.”

    From The epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus in older adults (2025) · cites this paper as [15]

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Authors
Rogers, M. A. M., Kim, C., Banerjee, T., & Lee, J. M.
Affiliations
University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author
Rogers, Mary A. M.
ORCID
Venue
BMC Medicine
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2017-11-08
Volume
15
Issue
1
Pages
199-199
ISSN
1741-7015 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s12916-017-0958-6
PMC
PMC5688827
OpenAlex
W2768019234
Cited by
208
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11
FWCI
9.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BMC Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (ULTR000433)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords
type 1 diabetes, incidence trends, adult-onset type 1 diabetes, type 1 diabetes in children, sex differences in incidence, regional variation, temporal trends, commercially insured population, diabetes epidemiology, United States
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, United States, Incidence, Age of Onset, Young Adult

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