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Cited by 2,234Nutrition, Health and Food BehaviorCOVID-19 and Mental HealthHealth and Lifestyle Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Eating habits and lifestyle changes during COVID-19 lockdown: an Italian survey.

Open access
Di Renzo, Laura, Gualtieri, Paola, Pivari, Francesca, Soldati, Laura, Attinà, Alda, Cinelli, Giulia, Leggeri, Claudia, Caparello, Giovanna, Barrea, Luigi, Scerbo, Francesco, Esposito, Ernesto, De Lorenzo, Antonino·2020·Journal of Translational Medicine
DOI 10.1186/s12967-020-02399-5PMC PMC7278251

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: On December 12th 2019, a new coronavirus (SARS-Cov2) emerged in Wuhan, China, sparking a pandemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans (COVID-19). On the 24th of April 2020, the number of COVID-19 deaths in the world, according to the COVID-Case Tracker by Johns Hopkins University, was 195,313, and the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases was 2,783,512. The COVID-19 pandemic represents a massive impact on human health, causing sudden lifestyle changes, through social distancing and isolation at home, with social and economic consequences. Optimizing public health during this pandemic requires not only knowledge from the medical and biological sciences, but also of all human sciences related to lifestyle, social and behavioural studies, including dietary habits and lifestyle. METHODS: Our study aimed to investigate the immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating habits and lifestyle changes among the Italian population aged ≥ 12 years. The study comprised a structured questionnaire packet that inquired demographic information (age, gender, place of residence, current employment); anthropometric data (reported weight and height); dietary habits information (adherence to the Mediterranean diet, daily intake of certain foods, food frequency, and number of meals/day); lifestyle habits information (grocery shopping, habit of smoking, sleep quality and physical activity). The survey was conducted from the 5th to the 24th of April 2020. RESULTS: A total of 3533 respondents have been included in the study, aged between 12 and 86 years (76.1% females). The perception of weight gain was observed in 48.6% of the population; 3.3% of smokers decided to quit smoking; a slight increased physical activity has been reported, especially for bodyweight training, in 38.3% of respondents; the population group aged 18-30 years resulted in having a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet when compared to the younger and the elderly population (p < 0.001; p < 0.001, respectively); 15% of respondents turned to farmers or organic, purchasing fruits and vegetables, especially in the North and Center of Italy, where BMI values were lower. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we have provided for the first time data on the Italian population lifestyle, eating habits and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet pattern during the COVID-19 lockdown. However, as the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing, our data need to be confirmed and investigated in future more extensive population studies.

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Fig. 1 Frequency (a) and type of training (b, c) before and during the COVID-19 emergency
Fig. 1 Frequency (a) and type of training (b, c) before and during the COVID-19 emergencyCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 Variation in food intake during the COVID-19 emergency
Fig. 2 Variation in food intake during the COVID-19 emergencyCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 3 Compliance with items from MEDAS according to high, medium and low adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD). The radar chart plots the values of each item of MEDAS score along a separate axis that starts in the centre of the chart (0% compliance) and ends at the outer ring (100% compliance). The values are the percentage of the population adherent to each recommendation
Fig. 3 Compliance with items from MEDAS according to high, medium and low adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD). The radar chart plots the values of each item of MEDAS score along a separate axis that starts in the centre of the chart (0% compliance) and ends at the outer ring (100% compliance). The values are the percentage of the population adherent to each recommendationCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 4 Food and water intake during COVID-19 lockdown. a None, half, 1, 2 and > 2 represent the number of daily servings of cereals, bread, milk and yogurt and dairy products. Pasta, rice or other cereals (spelled, barley, oats, quinoa) daily serving: 1 medium serving = 80 g. Bread daily serving: 1 medium serving = 80 g or 2 slices. Milk or yogurt daily serving: 1 serving = 150 ml in a cup or 125 g a jar. Cheese or dairy products weekly serving: 1 portion of dairy product = 100 g; 1 portion of matured cheese = 50 g. b None, 1, 2, 3, 4 and > 4 represent the number of weekly servings of eggs. c < 1 L, 1–2 L and > 2 L represent the daily intake of water. The ordinate axis represents the percentage of population. The abscissa axis represents the daily/weekly portions for each category of foods
Fig. 4 Food and water intake during COVID-19 lockdown. a None, half, 1, 2 and > 2 represent the number of daily servings of cereals, bread, milk and yogurt and dairy products. Pasta, rice or other cereals (spelled, barley, oats, quinoa) daily serving: 1 medium serving = 80 g. Bread daily serving: 1 medium serving = 80 g or 2 slices. Milk or yogurt daily serving: 1 serving = 150 ml in a cup or 125 g a jar. Cheese or dairy products weekly serving: 1 portion of dairy product = 100 g; 1 portion of matured cheese = 50 g. b None, 1, 2, 3, 4 and > 4 represent the number of weekly servings of eggs. c < 1 L, 1–2 L and > 2 L represent the daily intake of water. The ordinate axis represents the percentage of population. The abscissa axis represents the daily/weekly portions for each category of foodsCC BY · PubMed Central

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Authors
Di Renzo, L., Gualtieri, P., Pivari, F., Soldati, L., Attinà, A., Cinelli, G., Leggeri, C., Caparello, G., Barrea, L., Scerbo, F., Esposito, E., & De Lorenzo, A.
Affiliations
  • University of Rome Tor Vergata (IT)
  • University of Milan (IT)
  • Federico II University Hospital (IT)
  • Policlinico Tor Vergata (IT)
  • Regione Basilicata (IT)
Corresponding author
Pivari, Francesca
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Translational Medicine
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2020-06-08
Volume
18
Issue
1
Pages
229-229
ISSN
1479-5876 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s12967-020-02399-5
PMC
PMC7278251
OpenAlex
W3032937492
Cited by
2,234
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 48 · 2025: 111 · 2024: 213 · 2023: 414 · 2022: 625 · 2021: 668 · 2020: 151
FWCI
293.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Translational Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University) (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health and Lifestyle Studies
Keywords
lockdown, dietary habits, lifestyle modification, Mediterranean diet adherence, smoking cessation, physical activity, sleep quality, grocery shopping, organic food purchasing, food frequency, Italian population
MeSH terms
Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Drinking, Emergencies, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Italy, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral, Quarantine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep, Smoking, Coronavirus Infections, Guideline Adherence, Diet, Mediterranean, Young Adult, Pandemics

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