Efficacy of heat-killed Lactococcus lactis JCM 5805 on immunity and fatigue during consecutive high intensity exercise in male athletes: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Lactococcus lactis JCM 5805 (LC-Plasma) is a unique lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). We aimed to evaluate the effect of LC-Plasma on dendritic cell (DC) activity and subjective indices of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and fatigue in athletes under high intensity exercise. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial. Fifty-one male subjects belonging to a university sports club were randomized into placebo (n = 25) and LC-Plasma (n = 26) groups. Individuals ingested placebo capsules containing cornstarch or LC-Plasma capsules containing 100 billion cells of heat-killed LC-Plasma per day for 13 days. During the intervention period, subjects performed high intensity exercise according to their sports club training regime. Blood and saliva sampling were obtained at days 1 and 14, and physical conditions were recorded in a diary. We investigated expression of maturation markers on DCs, muscle damage and stress markers and used student's t test adjusted by Bonferoni's method for multiple comparison between groups. These data were presented as mean ± SD. We also investigated cumulative days of symptoms regarding infections and fatigue and used Chi-square test for comparison between groups. These data were presented as cumulative number. RESULTS: CD86 as maturation marker on pDC was significantly increased in the LC-Plasma group at day 14 (Placebo: 296 ± 70 vs. LC-Plasma: 365 ± 115; Mean Fluorescent Intensity; p = 0.013). Cumulative days of URTI were significantly lower in the LC-Plasma group (Placebo: URTI positive 56, URTI negative 256 vs. LC-Plasma: URTI positive 39, URTI negative 299; days; p = 0.028) and symptoms like sneeze or running nose were significantly lower in the LC-Plasma group (Placebo: Symptom positive 52, Symptom negative 258, vs. LC-Plasma: Symptom positive 36, Symptom negative 301; days; p = 0.032). Moreover, the cumulative days of fatigue were significantly fewer in the LC-Plasma group (Placebo: Symptom positive 128, Symptom negative 182, vs. LC-Plasma: Symptom positive 110, Symptom negative 225; days; p = 0.032). Markers of muscle damage and stress markers were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSION: We consider that heat-killed LC-Plasma supplementation relieves morbidity and symptoms of URTI via activation of pDC and decreases fatigue accumulation during consecutive high intensity exercise in athletes. However, LC-Plasma ingestion did not affect markers of muscle damage and stress. TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN-CTR, UMIN000020372 . Registered 28 December 2015.
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Preparations from certain probiotic species and strains have shown to maintain health benefits even after no longer being viable.
“However, preparations from certain probiotic species and strains (such as those from lactobacilli and bifidobacteria) have shown to maintain health benefits even after no longer being viable [261–263].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Probiotics (2019) · cites this paper as [262]
In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, heat-killed L. lactis JCM 5805 supplementation in male athletes increased pDC maturation marker CD86 and decreased cumulative days of URTI symptoms and self-reported fatigue compared to placebo.
“Compared to placebo, supplementation increased the maturation marker of plasmacytoid DC pDC (CD86), responsible for the antiviral response, and decreased the cumulative days of URTI symptoms. Furthermore, ingestion decreased cumulative days of self-reported fatigue.”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Probiotics (2019) · cites this paper as [262]
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International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Probiotics
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- Authors
- Komano, Y., Shimada, K., Naito, H., Fukao, K., Ishihara, Y., Fujii, T., Kokubo, T., & Daida, H.
- Affiliations
- Juntendo University (JP)
- Graduate School of Health and Sports ScienceJuntendo University Inzai Chiba Japan
- Tokyo Denki University (JP)
- Kirin (Japan) (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Komano, Yuta
- Venue
- Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-01-05
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 39-39
- ISSN
- 1550-2783 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6090876
- OpenAlex
- W2885680562
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 6.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Informationszentrum Lebenswissenschaften (ZB MED) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Kirin Co.,Ltd.
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- plasmacytoid dendritic cells, upper respiratory tract infection, exercise fatigue, high-intensity exercise, athletes, CD86, muscle damage, stress symptoms, immune function, probiotic supplementation, sleep quality, salivary cortisol
- MeSH terms
- Creatine Kinase, Dendritic Cells, Double-Blind Method, Epinephrine, Fatigue, Humans, Hydrocortisone, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, Male, Respiratory Tract Infections, Lactococcus lactis, Exercise, Probiotics, Young Adult
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