Inhibition of formyl peptide receptors improves the outcome in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Background: An important hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the increase of Aβ1-42 burden and its accumulation to senile plaques, leading the reactive gliosis and neurodegeneration. The modulation of glia cell function represents an attractive therapeutic strategy, but is currently limited by an incomplete understanding of its relevance for AD. The chemotactic G-protein coupled formyl peptide receptor (FPR), which is known to modulate Aβ1-42 uptake and signal transduction, might be one candidate molecule regulating glia function in AD. Here, we investigate whether the modulation of FPR exerts beneficial effects in an AD preclinical model. Methods: To address this question, APP/PS1 double-transgenic AD mice were treated for 20 weeks with either the pro-inflammatory FPR agonist fMLF, the FPR1/2 antagonist Boc2 or the anti-inflammatory FPR2 agonist Ac2-26. Spatial learning and memory were evaluated using a Morris water maze test. Immunohistological staining, gene expression studies, and flow cytometry analyses were performed to study neuronal loss, gliosis, and Aß-load in the hippocampus and cortex, respectively. Results: FPR antagonism by Boc2-treatment significantly improved spatial memory performance, reduced neuronal pathology, induced the expression of homeostatic growth factors, and ameliorated microglia, but not astrocyte, reactivity. Furthermore, the elevated levels of amyloid plaques in the hippocampus were reduced by Boc2-treatment, presumably by an induction of amyloid degradation. Conclusions: We suggest that the modulation of FPR signaling cascades might be considered as a promising therapeutic approach for alleviating the cognitive deficits associated with early AD. Additional studies are now needed to address the downstream effectors as well as the safety profile of Boc2.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Deficiency of FPR2 or administration of its inhibitors/anti-inflammatory ligands alleviates pathological symptoms of AD, including reduced activation of glial cells and tau hyperphosphorylation, and ultimately improves cognitive function.
“Deficiency of FPR2 or administration of its inhibitors/anti-inflammatory ligands could alleviate the pathological symptoms of AD, including reduced activation of glial cells (microglia and/or astrocytes) and tau hyperphosphorylation, and ultimately leading to improvement in cognitive function [151–154].”
From Tau and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: interplay mechanisms and clinical translation (2023) · cites this paper as [153]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease at 25 years
Selkoe, D. J., & Hardy, J. (2016) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.15252/emmm.201606210 · Cited by 6,164 · see citing works
Blood–brain barrier breakdown in Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative disorders
Sweeney, M. D., Sagare, A. P., & Zlokovic, B. V. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2017.188 · Cited by 3,076 · see citing works
NLRP3 is activated in Alzheimer’s disease and contributes to pathology in APP/PS1 mice
Heneka, M. T., Kummer, M. P., Stutz, A., Delekate, A., Schwartz, S., Vieira-Saecker, A., Griep, A., Axt, D., Remus, A., Tzeng, T.-C., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11729 · Cited by 2,898 · see citing works
Self-citationMicroglia promote learning-dependent synapse formation through brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Parkhurst, C. N., Yang, G., Ninan, I., Savas, J. N., Yates, J. R., Lafaille, J. J., Hempstead, B. L., Littman, D. R., & Gan, W.-B. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.11.030 · Cited by 2,599 · see citing works
Immune attack: the role of inflammation in Alzheimer disease
Heppner, F. L., Ransohoff, R. M., & Becher, B. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3880 · Cited by 2,134 · see citing works
RAGE and amyloid-β peptide neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease
Yan, S. D., Chen, X., Fu, J., Chen, M., Zhu, H., Roher, A., Slattery, T., Zhao, L., Nagashima, M., Morser, J., et al. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/382685a0 · Cited by 2,012 · see citing works
Microglial physiology: unique stimuli, specialized responses
Ransohoff, R. M., & Perry, V. H. (2009) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132528 · Cited by 1,858 · see citing works
Microglial Dysfunction and Defective β-Amyloid Clearance Pathways in Aging Alzheimer's Disease Mice
Hickman, S. E., Allison, E. K., & El Khoury, J. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0616-08.2008 · Cited by 1,329 · see citing works
Innate immunity in the central nervous system
Ransohoff, R. M., & Brown, M. A. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci58644 · Cited by 1,034 · see citing works
Microglia in Alzheimer's disease
Sarlus, H., & Heneka, M. T. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci90606 · Cited by 911 · see citing works
Self-citationAstrocytes: Key Regulators of Neuroinflammation
Colombo, E., & Farina, C. (2016) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2016.06.006 · Cited by 901 · see citing works
Scavenger receptor-mediated adhesion of microglia to β-amyloid fibrils
Khoury, J. E., Hickman, S. E., Thomas, C. A., Cao, L., Silverstein, S. C., & Loike, J. D. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/382716a0 · Cited by 727 · see citing works
Blood-Brain Barrier Leakage in Patients with Early Alzheimer Disease
van de Haar, H. J., Burgmans, S., Jansen, J. F. A., van Osch, M. J. P., van Buchem, M. A., Muller, M., Hofman, P. A. M., Verhey, F. R. J., & Backes, W. H. (2016) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2016152244 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Formyl-peptide receptors revisited
Le, Y., MURPHY, P., & Wang, J. (2002) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/s1471-4906(02)02316-5 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
Alzheimer's disease results from the cerebral accumulation and cytotoxicity of amyloid ß-protein
Selkoe, D. J. (2001) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2001-3111 · Cited by 538 · see citing works
Marasco, W. A., Phan, S. H., Krutzsch, H. C., et al. (1984) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)91029-x · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Role of toll-like receptor signalling in A uptake and clearance
Tahara, K., Kim, H.-D., Jin, J.-J., Maxwell, J. A., Li, L., & Fukuchi, K.-I. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl249 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
The role of astrocytes in amyloid production and Alzheimer's disease
Frost, G. R., & Li, Y. (2017) · Open Biology · doi:10.1098/rsob.170228 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Synaptic Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Dysregulated Symphony
Forner, S., Baglietto-Vargas, D., Martini, A. C., Trujillo-Estrada, L., & LaFerla, F. M. (2017) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2017.04.002 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Ng, T. K. S., Ho, C. S. H., Tam, W., Kua, E. H., & Ho, R. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20020257 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
A journey into the brain: insight into how bacterial pathogens cross blood–brain barriers
Coureuil, M., Lécuyer, H., Bourdoulous, S., & Nassif, X. (2017) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.178 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Microglia actions in Alzheimer's disease
Prokop, S., Miller, K. R., & Heppner, F. L. (2013) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-013-1182-x · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Astrocytes: Implications for Neuroinflammatory Pathogenesis of Alzheimers Disease
Li, C., Zhao, R., Gao, K., Wei, Z. Z., Yin, M. Y., Lau, L. T., Chui, D., & Yu, A. C. (2011) · Current Alzheimer Research · doi:10.2174/156720511794604543 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
The Formyl Peptide Receptors: Diversity of Ligands and Mechanism for Recognition
He, H.-Q., & Ye, R. D. (2017) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules22030455 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Amyloid β42Activates a G-Protein-Coupled Chemoattractant Receptor, FPR-Like-1
Le, Y., Gong, W., Tiffany, H. L., Tumanov, A. V., Nedospasov, S. A., Shen, W., Dunlop, N. M., Gao, J., Murphy, P. M., Oppenheim, J. J., et al. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-02-j0003.2001 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Long-distance retrograde neurotrophic factor signalling in neurons
Harrington, A., & Ginty, D. D. (2013) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3253 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Neurotrophic Factors: An Overview
Skaper, S. D. (2017) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7571-6_1 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Hayhoe, R. P. G., Kamal, A. M., Solito, E., Flower, R. J., Cooper, D., & Perretti, M. (2005) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2005-08-3099 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Brain imaging of neurovascular dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease
Montagne, A., Nation, D. A., Pa, J., Sweeney, M. D., Toga, A. W., & Zlokovic, B. V. (2016) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-016-1570-0 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Danger-associated molecular patterns in Alzheimer’s disease
Venegas, C., & Heneka, M. T. (2017) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.3mr0416-204r · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Self-citationPinton, S., Sampaio, T. B., Savall, A. S. P., & Gutierrez, M. Z. (2017) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/1673-5374.205084 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
MADERNA, P., Cottell, D. C., Toivonen, T., Dufton, N., Dalli, J., Perretti, M., & Godson, C. (2010) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.10-159913 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Astrocyte-derived GDNF is a potent inhibitor of microglial activation
Rocha, S. M., Cristóvão, A. C., Campos, F. L., Fonseca, C. P., & Baltazar, G. (2012) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2012.04.014 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Toll-Like Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease
Landreth, G. E., & Reed-Geaghan, E. G. (2009) · Current topics in microbiology and immunology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-00549-7_8 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Distinct Signaling Cascades Elicited by Different Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 (FPR2) Agonists
Cattaneo, F., Parisi, M., & Ammendola, R. (2013) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms14047193 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Yazawa, H., Yu, Z., Takeda, K., Le, Y., Gong, W., Ferrans, V. J., Oppenheim, J. J., LI, C. C. H., & Wang, J. M. (2001) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.01-0251com · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Stenfeldt, A., Karlsson, J., Wennerås, C., Bylund, J., Fu, H., & Dahlgren, C. (2007) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s10753-007-9040-4 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Girol, A. P., Mimura, K. K. O., Drewes, C. C., Bolonheis, S. M., Solito, E., Farsky, S. H. P., Gil, C. D., & Oliani, S. M. (2013) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1202030 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Rodent Aβ Modulates the Solubility and Distribution of Amyloid Deposits in Transgenic Mice
Jankowsky, J. L., Younkin, L. H., Gonzales, V., Fadale, D. J., Slunt, H. H., Lester, H. A., Younkin, S. G., & Borchelt, D. R. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m611050200 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Kazim, S. F., & Iqbal, K. (2016) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-016-0119-y · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Zhu, H., Yan, H., Tang, N., Li, X., Pang, P., Li, H., Chen, W., Guo, Y. A., Shu, S., Cai, Y., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01943-0 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Associations of cortical astrogliosis with cognitive performance and dementia status
Kashon, M. L., Ross, G. W., O'Callaghan, J. P., Miller, D. B., Petrovitch, H., Burchfiel, C. M., Sharp, D. S., Markesbery, W. R., Davis, D. G., Hardman, J. M., et al. (2005) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2004-6604 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
The anti-inflammatory Annexin A1 induces the clearance and degradation of the amyloid-β peptide
Ries, M., Loiola, R. A., Shah, U. N., Gentleman, S., Solito, E., & Sastre, M. (2016) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0692-6 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Machado, M., Tavares, L. P., Souza, G. V. S., Queiroz‐Junior, C. M., Ascenção, F. R., Lopes, M. E., Garcia, C. C., Menezes, G. B., Perretti, M., Russo, R. C., et al. (2019) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201902172r · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Slowik, A., Merres, J., Elfgen, A., Jansen, S., Mohr, F., Wruck, C., Pufe, T., & Brandenburg, L. (2012) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/1750-1326-7-55 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationMudò, G., Frinchi, M., Nuzzo, D., Scaduto, P., Plescia, F., Massenti, M. F., Carlo, M. D., Cannizzaro, C., Cassata, G., Cicero, L. L., et al. (2019) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1417-4 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Anton, P. A., Targan, S. R., & Shanahan, F. (1989) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(89)91410-8 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Defective polymorphonuclear leukocyte formyl peptide receptor(s) in juvenile periodontitis.
Perez, H. D., Kelly, E. J., Elfman, F., et al. (1991) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci115105 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Christensen, D. Z., Bayer, T. A., & Wirths, O. (2010) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.07.022 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Fragoulis, A., Siegl, S., Fendt, M., Jansen, S., Soppa, U., Brandenburg, L., Pufe, T., Weis, J., & Wruck, C. J. (2017) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.024 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationBrandenburg, L., Konrad, M., Wruck, C. J., Koch, T., Lucius, R., & Pufe, T. (2010) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06637.x · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationGavins, F. N. E., Hughes, E. L., Buss, N. A. P. S., Holloway, P. M., Getting, S. J., & Buckingham, J. C. (2012) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.12-205971 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Chemotactic-like receptors and Aβ peptide induced responses in Alzheimer's Disease
Lorton, D. (2000) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(00)00092-0 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Annexin A1 promotes timely resolution of inflammation in murine gout
Galvão, I., Vago, J. P., Barroso, L. C., Tavares, L. P., Queiroz‐Junior, C. M., Costa, V. V., Carneiro, F. S., Ferreira, T. P. T., Silva, P., Amaral, F. A., et al. (2016) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201646551 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Moon, M., Hong, H.-S., Nam, D. W., Baik, S. H., Song, H., Kook, S.-Y., Kim, Y. S., Lee, J., & Mook-Jung, I. (2012) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2011-111778 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Glio-vascular changes during ageing in wild-type and Alzheimer׳s disease-like APP/PS1 mice
Janota, C. S., Brites, D. M. T. O., Lemere, C. A., & Brito, M. A. (2015) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2015.04.056 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Microglial activation depends on beta‐amyloid conformation: role of the formylpeptide receptor 2
Heurtaux, T., Michelucci, A., Losciuto, S., Gallotti, C., Felten, P., Dorban, G., Grandbarbe, L., Morga, E., & Heuschling, P. (2010) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06783.x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The Rat: A Model Used in Biomedical Research
Smith, J. R., Bolton, E. R., & Dwinell, M. R. (2019) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9581-3_1 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Brandenburg, L., Konrad, M., Wruck, C. J., Koch, T., Pufe, T., & Lucius, R. (2008) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.07.042 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationAyoub, S. S., Yazid, S., & Flower, R. J. (2008) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.166 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Braun, B. J., Slowik, A., Leib, S. L., Lucius, R., Varoga, D. J., Wruck, C. J., Jansen, S., Podschun, R., Pufe, T., & Brandenburg, L. (2011) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-11 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationCardioprotective Actions of the Annexin-A1 N-Terminal Peptide, Ac2-26, Against Myocardial Infarction
Qin, C. X., Rosli, S., Deo, M., Cao, N., Walsh, J. L., Tate, M., Alexander, A. E., Donner, D. G., Horlock, D., Li, R., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00269 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Peshavariya, H., Taylor, C. J., Yergin, C. G., Liu, G., Jiang, F., Chan, E. C., & Dusting, G. J. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060790 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Characterization of Impaired Cerebrovascular Structure in APP/PS1 Mouse Brains
Ahn, K.-C., Learman, C. R., Dunbar, G. L., Maiti, P., Jang, W., Cheol, H., & Song, M.-S. (2018) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.05.002 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Gimenes, A. D., Andrade, B. F. D., Pinotti, J. V. P., Oliani, S. M., Galvis‐Alonso, O. Y., & Gil, C. D. (2019) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1414-7 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Effect of Intrastriatal 6-OHDA Lesions on Extrastriatal Brain Structures in the Mouse
Becker, B., Demirbas, M., Johann, S., Zendedel, A., Beyer, C., Clusmann, H., Haas, S. J.-P., Wree, A., Tan, S. K. H., & Kipp, M. (2017) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-017-0637-9 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationLacerda, J. Z., Drewes, C. C., Mimura, K. K. O., Zanon, C. D. F., Ansari, T., Gil, C. D., Greco, K. V., Farsky, S. H. P., & Oliani, S. M. (2018) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.01015 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Internalization of PrP106–126 by the formyl‐peptide‐receptor‐like‐1 in glial cells
Brandenburg, L., Koch, T., Sievers, J., & Lucius, R. (2006) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04351.x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationBihler, K., Kress, E., Esser, S., Nyamoya, S., Tauber, S. C., Clarner, T., Stope, M. B., Pufe, T., & Brandenburg, L. (2017) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-017-0924-y · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, H., Wang, D., Gong, P., Lin, A., Zhang, Y., Ye, R. D., & Yu, Y. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-180823 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Massenti, M. F., Belluardo, N., Mudò, G., et al. (2019) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Synthesis of Methoxy-X04 Derivatives and Their Evaluation in Alzheimer's Disease Pathology
Boländer, A., Kieser, D., Scholz, C., Haußen, R. H., Mall, G., Goetschy, V., Czech, C., & Schmidt, B. (2013) · Neurodegenerative Diseases · doi:10.1159/000351436 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Heinemann, S., & Patrick, J. L. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7488-0 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Colucci, M., Mastriota, M., Μaione, F., Giannuario, A. D., Mascolo, N., Palmery, M., Severini, C., Perretti, M., & Pieretti, S. (2010) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2010.11.019 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Tau and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: interplay mechanisms and clinical translation
Chen, Y., & Yu, Y. (2023) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-023-02853-3 · Cited by 516 · see citing works
Trojan, E., Tylek, K., Schröder, N., Kahl, I., Brandenburg, L.-O., Mastromarino, M., Leopoldo, M., Basta-Kaim, A., & Lacivita, E. (2021) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-021-02543-2 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Schröder, N., Schaffrath, A., Welter, J. A., Putzka, T., Griep, A., Ziegler, P., Brandt, E., Samer, S., Heneka, M. T., Kaddatz, H., Zhan, J., Kipp, E., Pufe, T., Tauber, S. C., Kipp, M., & Brandenburg, L.-O.
- Affiliations
- Universitätsmedizin Rostock (DE)
- University of Bonn (DE)
- RWTH Aachen University (DE)
- Universitätsklinikum Aachen (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Brandenburg, Lars-Ove
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroinflammation
- Published
- 2020-04-24
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 131-131
- ISSN
- 1742-2094 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7181500
- OpenAlex
- W3020321506
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12
- FWCI
- 3.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroinflammation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- DZNE Pub (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (BR 3666/6-1)
- Alzheimer Forschungsinitiative (#13809)
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, formyl peptide receptor, Ac2-26, amyloid-beta, amyloid plaques, microglial activation, reactive gliosis, spatial memory, APP/PS1 double transgenic mice, neuroinflammation, cognitive impairment, amyloid degradation
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Brain, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Transgenic, Oligopeptides, Maze Learning, Receptors, Formyl Peptide, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
